A brief presentation on Solar Panels, types and its advantages and disadvantages. It is divided into 4 portions to be presented by a group of 4 individuals.

1. SolarPanel&Types

2. WhatareSolarPanels?
•Solarpanelsareastructurethatconvertsolarenergyintodirectcurrent(DC).
•Solarpanelsarecommonlyknownasphotovoltaiccells andaremadeupof
silicon.

3. TypesofSolarPanels
•Polycrystalline Panels
•MonocrystallinePanels
•Thin-Film Panels

4. TypesofSolarPanels
MonocrystallineSolarPanels:
•Monocrystallinepanels aremadefromasinglepuresiliconcrystal.
•Theycanbeidentified bytheirdarkcolor.
•Becauseofpuresilicon theyaremostefficient (around20%)andlongest-
lastingamongotherpanelsbutarequiteexpensive.

5. TypesofSolarPanels
PolycrystallineSolarPanels:
•Thesearemadeupofdifferent crystalsinsteadofoneandhavebluelook.
•Polycrystalline panelsaremadebymelting rawsiliconwhichisfasterand
cheaper.
•Theyareless efficient (around15%)ascomparedtomonocrystallinepanels.

6. TypesofSolarPanels
Thin-FilmSolarPanels:
•Thesearemadeupofoneormorefilmsofphotovoltaicmaterials (silicon,
cadmiumorcopper).
•Thesearelessexpensivethanothersbecauseofless materialrequired.
•Thereefficiency isless than15%whichmakestheninefficient ascomparedto
others.

7. FunctioningofSolarPanels
•Whensunlighthitsthepanel,thesolarenergyparticles, photons,enter
photovoltaiccells andsettheelectrons freeinevery cell.
•Theseelectrons flowthroughawireconnected topanels,thusproducing
electricity.

8. FunctioningofSolarPanels
SolarInverters:
• It’sadevicethatconvertsdirectcurrent(DC)electricity,whichiswhatasolarpanel
generates,toalternatingcurrent(AC)electricity,which theelectricalgriduses.
ACandDCcurrent:
• InDC,electricityismaintainedatconstantvoltageinonedirection.
• InAC,electricityflowsinbothdirectionsinthecircuitasthe
voltagechangesfrompositivetonegative.

9. TypesofSolarSystems

10. TypesofSolarSystems
•On-GridSolarSystem
•Off-GridSolarSystem
•HybridSolarSystem

11. On-GridSolarSystem
•Itisalsoknownasgridtiedsolarsystem. Itgeneratesenergythroughsolar
panelsandroutesittoyourhomeandgrid.
•Livingwithanon-gridsolarsystemissameaslivingwithgridpowerexcept
thatsomeorallenergyweusecomes fromsun.

12. On-GridSolarSystem
NetMetering:
•Itisanelectric billingtoolwhichusestheelectric gridtostoreexcess energy
producedbyyoursolarpanelsystem.
•Innetmetering,theexcessenergywhichyoudon’tuseiscreditedbacktoyou.

13. On-GridSolarSystem
SalientFeatures:
 NoBatteries required.
 LoworNo Maintenancerequired.
 On-GridSolar power generation systems hastheadvantageofeffective utilizationof generated
power becausetherearenostorage losses involved.
 Manyresidentialusers areoptingforanOn-gridsolarsystem asthey getachancetoenjoy creditfor
theexcess power theirsystem producesandsave ontheirelectricitybills.
 Youwillalwayshavepower either fromthesolarsystem orfromthegrid.

14. OnlineMonitoringSystem
 Connects usingWi-fitoCloud Server
 OnlineRemote MonitoringSystem
 DisplaysFaults, Alerts, Warnings etc
 Create history andstatistics of Datalikedaily,monthly
andyearly unitsgeneration

15. Off-GridSolarSystem
•Itisasolararrangementthatrequiresasystemofbatteriestowork.These
batteries comeindifferentcapacities.
•Thesebatteriesstoretheexcessenergy generated.
•Itcannotoffernetmeteringasthereisnoconnectionbuiltupbetweenthegrid
andthesolarsystem.

16. Off-GridSolarSystem
SalientFeatures:
•Makesyoucompletely energyindependent.
•EasierInstallation.
•Setsyoufreefromrisingelectricity charges.
•Easyalternative forruralareas.
•Environment friendly.
•AvoidPowerOutages.

17. HybridSystem&Performance
Maintenance

18. WhatisHybridSolarSystem?
•Generatepowerinthesamewayasacommongrid-tie/on-gridsolarsystem.
•Storesexcess energyinthebatteriesforlateruse.

19. WorkingofHybridSolarSystem
•Ahybridsolarsystemintelligently switches betweenusingsolarpower,
batterystorageandgridpower.
•Itallows youtoavoidusinggridpoweratpeakpricesleading tobillsavings.
•Thesystemusessolarpanelstoproduceenergyduringtheday,whilethe
batteriesstoreexcess energyforuselateratnight.

20. HybridSolarSystem
SalientFeatures:
•Powerfulbatteryinvertertosupplycontinuoushighloads.
•Advancedmulti-stage chargerforlead-acidorlithiumbatteries.
•AutomaticACtransferswitch(UPSfunction)built-in.
•Highsurgeloadcapability.
•Generator control–Autostart/stop.
•CanalsobeusedforhighendOff-gridpowersystems.
•Remote monitoring.
•Gridfeed-in andlimiting whenexcess powerisgenerated.

21. CUSTSolarSystem
• CUSThas1000kWsolarsystem.
• 650kWisontheroofoftheblocksandtheremaining350kWisintheparkingarea.
• Insummeritproducesapproximately700kWdailyandinwintersthedailyproductionis
about300kW.

22. PerformanceMaintenance
Howtomaintainsolarsystem?
Require minimal maintenance to ensure that they keep working.
Most common is cleaning due to debris and dirt that collect on the
panels.
Other maintenance is an annual inspection of solar panels.

23. PerformanceMaintenanceofSolarSystem
•AnnualInspectiononceperyear(atleast),hireaprofessionalforinspection.
•Cleaningtwiceoronceperyeardependingontheweather.
•AdditionalMaintenance scheduleoutsideoftheannualinspection.

24. Howtotellwhensolarneedsmaintenance?
Not producing much energy as they
normally do.
Increase in bills.

25. Uses,Advantages&
DisadvantagesofSolarSystems

26. UsesofSolarSystem
HeatingWater&Homes:
• Thesolarheater utilizes heatfromthesunandtransfers itto thewater tank
wherethewateris heated.
• Hotwater usedindifferent functionsathomesuchas washingclothes,
utensils, bathing,cookingandothers.
• Duringthecoldweather conditions, itisnecessary togenerate heattomakeyourhousewarm.
• Solar heaters areusedinhomes duringthewinter.
• Theheaters areplacedinstrategic locationstoensure thattheentire house isheated adequately.

27. UsesofSolarSystem
ChargingBatteries:
• All devices athome thatworkusingabatterycanbechargedusingsolar
power.
• Solar power canbeusedtochargestorage batteries to helpthempower
allthedevices usedinyourhomeeffectively.
LightingHome:
• Another majoruseof solarpowerinhome islighting.
• Solar lightsarefoundinalmostallpartsinahomeincludinginsidethe houses, garden, landscape,
garageandalsosecuritylights.
• Solar energy panelsoffer aless costly wayto lightyour home, comparedtoelectrical power

28. UsesofSolarSystem
TextileIndustry:
• Textile industrydependsontheextensive useofsolarpanels forefficient use ofsolarenergy. These
areused fortheprocess likebleaching,dyeing,drying,degreasing, pressing,etc.
Solar Calculators &Watch:
• Solar panelisusedinbothwatchandcalculatorsthat
provide energy tothecellof thedevice.

29. AdvantagesofSolarSystem
RenewableandPollutionfree:
• SolarRadiationisFreeandCleanandRenewableSourceofEnergy.
• ConvertingSolarRadiationtosolarenergyisPollution-Free.
• ThePVCell,ModuleandPanelCreateNoPollutionatall.
• SincetheSunhasbeenshiningforbillionsofyearsandwillcontinuetobethere,itisexcellentsourceoffree
energy.
ReduceElectricityBill:
• Increasingelectricitybillisamajorconcernaroundtheworld.
• Traditional electricitygeneration,transmissionanddistribution isgettingexpensivedaybyday.
• Toreduceelectricitybill,moreandmorepeoplearound theworldareinstalling HomeSolarPanelSystem.
• Though InitialInstallation Costofsuchasystemisexpensive,itcanlotsofmoneyoveryears.

30. AdvantagesofSolarSystem
LesstoNoMaintenanceforyears:
• Oneof the majorbenefits of Solar Photovoltaic PanelSystem isthatthere isvery less tono
maintenancecostsinvolved.
• Most Solar Companies inthe worldoffer aWarrantyof25to30 Years ontheirSolar Systems.
• Both CommercialandHomePanelSystems keepworkingand generatingsolarelectricity foryears
andyears.
Canbestoredtouselater:
• Another very useful benefitof Solar Energyis thatitcanbeUsed in Solar Battery touse later when
there isnosunlight.
• Theamountofelectricity thatcanbestored dependsonNumberof Solar Panels installedandStorage
CapacityoftheBattery.
• Priceof solarbatteries dependonitscapacity(Ah)andWarranty.

31. AdvantagesofSolarSystem
DiverseApplications:
• Solar Energycanbe usefordiverse applicationslike Solar HomeLightingSystem, Solar Water Heater,
Solar Cooker andHome Appliances,Home HeatingandCooling System etc.Itcanalsobeused torun
automobiles likeCar.
• Most Satellites andSpaceEquipmentuseSolar Energy topower themselves.
MoreSolarEnergyinsummer:
ASolar PanelSystem generates moreEnergy inSummer asthe DaysareLongerandHot.
Thisisnotthe caseinWinter, atNightoronCloudy Days. Solar Systems cangenerate hugeelectricity
inplacessuchasdesserts thatreceive goodsunlightthroughoutthe year.

32. DisadvantagesofSolarSystem
Needlotsofspace:
• TheBiggestDisadvantageof Solar PanelSystem isthatthe Solar Panels andModels OccupyaLarge
Area.
• ARooftop HomeSolar PanelSystem willneed LargeSpacefor Solar PanelMounts onwhichthe
PanelsareInstalled.
• Also theAreamustbeShadowFree andReceive GoodSunlight. TheOrientation mustalso beinthe
RightDirection tothe MaximumOutput.
HighInitialCost:
• Another BigDisadvantageofSolar PanelSystem istheInitialInstallation Cost.

33. DisadvantagesofSolarSystem
NoSolarPoweratnight andoncloudydays:
• Another drawbackofaSolar PanelSystem isneeds constantexposure tosunlighttogenerate energy.
• Thesystem willnotgenerateanyEnergy duringNightandwillalsonotperform atitsfull potential on
cloudydays.
LessSolarEnergyinWinters:
• InwintertheDaysarecoldandthesunlightisnottoo bright.
• Sameisthecaseinregionsthataretoo cold.
• Duringthistimeorplaces, thesystem willnotworktoits full potential.

34. DisadvantagesofSolarSystem
ExpensiveBatteries:
• TheSolar Energy generated bytheSolarPanels canbestored inBatteries andused whenrequired.
• Butthedisadvantagehere isthatthese SolarBatteries totoo expensive atpresent.
DCequipmentareexpensive:
• Solar PanelsGenerate DC (Direct Current) fromSunlight.
• ThiselectricitycanbeusedDirectlytoRunElectricalAppliancesthatRunonDC.
• ButsuchAppliancesareComparatively Expansive then AppliancethatrunonAC.

35. ThankYou!