The document discusses solar cookers and solar water heaters. It explains that solar cookers use sunlight to cook food through concentration, absorption, and retention of heat. They are inexpensive and do not require fuel. Solar water heaters also make use of solar energy by using collectors to absorb heat from the sun and transfer it to water stored in tanks. There are active and passive types, with active using pumps and passive relying on convection. Both solar cookers and water heaters help reduce pollution by making use of a renewable energy source.

1. BY:
VIJAYAKUMAR.V

2.  Solar cooker
 Solar water heater
 Other solar products

3.  Solar energy is an important renewable energy that we
get from the Sun. Solar energy is used for different
purposes
 i.e. residential and commercial. Solar energy is one
such energy that is available in that too totally free of
cost.
 As said before it is used for various purposes and one
of the most essential use of solar energy is for cooking
and heating food with the help of a solar cooker.
 This device uses the rays of the sun and converts it
into heat energy for heating the food.

4.  The solar cooker uses the energy of the sun directly for
preparing food just like the plants that use sunlight to
prepare their food.
 Solar cookers are cheap and use no fuel because of
which many people in developed and developing
countries make use of it.
 Solar cookers are mainly used when the food is
prepared outdoor and helps in lowering pollution and
deforestation.

5.  A solar cooker is a container or a device that traps solar
energy and helps in heating and cooking food. It
mainly works on three principles
 i.e. concentration, absorption and retention. A solar
cooker has a mirror that helps in letting the sun’s UV
rays in and converts it into infrared light rays.
 The infrared radiation has the power to make the
protein fat and water molecules present inside the
food to shake vigorously which heats up the food.

6.  The sun’s heat actually does not help in heating the
food but it is the rays derived from the sun which
converts into heat energy and cooks the food.
 A lid is used to cover the food kept inside a pot so that
the heat energy doers not escape.
 An effective solar cooker thus helps in capturing heat
and cooks food.

7. In these three kinds of solar cookers, the parabolic solar cooker is the
best as it is much advanced in nature than the other two and is more
efficient to use.

8. we have some requirements which are as follows
 A dark colored pot preferably black with a lid. A dark pot is
required because a dark object gets heartened up quickly.
 You then require a large glass bowl or a transparent covering that
will allow the rays of the sun to reach the dark cooking pot inside
which food is kept. This helps in increasing the temperature and
also prevents the heat from escaping out.
 You also require an extra material that will help you increase the
sunlight inside the cooking pot. A mirror is generally used for
this purpose as it can reflect the sunlight inside the
cooker. Apart from a mirror an aluminum foil too can be used.
 The more the sun rays the more the heat and faster the food gets
cooked.

9.  A reflective surface to trap heat that will be an
aluminum foil, mirror
 Cardboard box, scissors, box knife
 Transparent plastic bag to seal the opening or closing
the solar cooker well from all sides
 A dark pot containing food
 Newspapers to tape them inside the box for proper
insulation
 A transparent bowl
 A ruler to set the angle of the sun rays for cooking food

10.  Solar cookers help in preserving forests as sun’s energy
is renewable and solar cooker makes use of it which
does not cause any pollution to the environment.
 The use of electricity has affected in global warming
and as you know solar cooker does not require any
electricity for its working again it does not lead to
global warming.
 Use of solar cookers helps in decreasing global
warming.
 Solar cookers do not produce smoke and can be used
by anyone to cook food.

11.  In summers you can make use of the cooker effectively
and also the food will get prepared within no time.
 Lastly it is totally free of cost.
 It is Very easy to use and is totally devoid of
complexities unlike the other cookers.
 You can make recipe of your choice with the help of
this cooker.

12.  It cannot be used when the weather is cloudy as the
sun is hidden by the clouds.
 Also solar cookers can be used to cook food only
during the daytime.
 They cannot retain heat for a long period of time.
 It can cause burns if the device is not built and
handled properly.
 It can destroy your eyesight if the beam of the sunlight
gets reflected to your eyes.

13.  Also sometimes it takes a long time to cook food so it
is better to cook in normal pressure cooker.
 Strong winds too can delay the cooking process of the
solar cooker.
 Lastly it can only be used in places where there is
excessive sunlight.
 The cooking process takes several hours; hence
patience should be kept by the maker.

14.  A solar water heater is a device that helps in boiling the water or
making it warm.
 Solar water heaters make use of the solar energy which is derived
from the sun absolutely free.
 Also the solar energy is one which is available in abundance.
 The solar water heater can provide hot water for more than 605
of the household chores.
 Solar heaters are very cheap and it can help you save energy by
20%.
 Depending on the climate the heater helps in water warming.
 There are basically two types of solar water heaters, i.e. active
and passive.

16.  Solar water heater helps in heating water with the help of solar
energy for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes.
 Basically a solar water collector that is placed in a wall facing the
sun helps in heating the cold water with the help of the rays of
the sun.
 The heater is available in two types i.e. active and passive. The
collectors consist of a box that is insulated and has a black
painted glass cover, a solar metal absorber that is flat and is
fastened to wires made of copper.
 Heat is stored in a separate water tank with an outlet and inlet
which is attached out to the collector.
 Passive collectors make use of electricity to produce hot water
where there is no access to sunlight and the temperature is too
cold.

17.  Solar water heaters help in warming the cold water
with the help of sun’s energy.
 If you do not wish to buy a soar water heater then you
can make one of your won.
 Basically it consists of heat collector and water storage
tanks. The heat collector is placed in a place where
there is abundant sunlight.
 The heat collectors are generally black sheet metal that
is attached to the tube. Black color helps in absorbing
heat faster. A concave mirror too can be used in order
to collect heat.

18.  The mirror can be focused on the water collector to
heat the water stored in it.
 For the purpose of pumping the heated water to the
house for general purposes try heating less amount of
water at intervals once the eater inside the heat
collector is hot it is pumped inside a large storage tank.
 This pumping can be done with the help of active and
passive methods. The passive method makes use of
convection while active method uses pumps.

19.  There are two kinds of primary systems namely
 Batch: it is a tank inside a solar collector without any
tubes. The water heats inside and either the gravity or
the tendency of the hot water to rise, moves the water
upwards and the water reaches the home pipes.
 Thermosiphon: In this the water collector and solar
system both are separate. Cold water moves through
the solar collector tubes and then natural convection
pumps which results in hot water in the storage tank.
That water then travels to home pipes.

20.  Direct: This system makes use of pumps. The water moves
from solar collectors to storage tank with the help of
electrical pumps.
 Indirect: In this system the solar collectors heat the heat
transfer fluid and not the water. The fluid then flows
through a sealed piping of a heat exchanger which is full of
water. The water absorbs the heat from the fluid and then
is pumped inside the storage tank.
 Drainback: This is similar to the indirect method. The
only difference here however is that it uses distilled water
as the heat transfer fluid. It has a separate tank for the
distilled water. Pumping out the heat transfer liquid into a
separate tank makes it perfect for use during cool climates.

21.  As there is no requirement of electricity it save energy
and can help in reducing your electricity bills.
 It helps in saving the environment as you are suing
natural resources and there is no pollution.
 A well built solar heater lasts for many years so you can
remain tension free for years. Also you can heat water
when there is no power supply

22.  Although you need not pay huge bills but initially for
installing one you do require shelling out some money.
 Countries all over the world offer favorable incentives
for installing these solar water heaters.
 To reduce costs you can make a solar water heater of
your own.
 They are highly effective in areas where it is sunny all
day

23.  Initially for installing the solar water heater you need
to pay a huge amount which is not affordable for all.
 It can be used only in areas where there is access to
large amount of sunlight.
 During winter and rainy seasons they require electrical
and fuels back up as the amount of sunlight is very
less.
 Passive solar water heater has very low efficiency
power.

24.  The heater should be protected well and for gaining
hot weather they need to have good sunlight.
 They are totally useless in places where there is no
access of sunlight.
 They can be used to heat water only during the day i.e.
when the sun is there.
 Only when the rays of the sun are strong the heat
collector can collect the heat in order to heat the water.

25.  Initially for installing the solar water heater you need
to pay a huge amount which is not affordable for all.
 It can be used only in areas where there is access to
large amount of sunlight.
 During winter and rainy seasons they require electrical
and fuels back up as the amount of sunlight is very
less.
 Passive solar water heater has very low efficiency
power.

26.  The heater should be protected well and for gaining
hot weather they need to have good sunlight.
 They are totally useless in places where there is no
access of sunlight.
 They can be used to heat water only during the day i.e.
when the sun is there.
 Only when the rays of the sun are strong the heat
collector can collect the heat in order to heat the water.

27.  so, we use for the solar product global warming will be
reduced
 Deforestation will be reduced
 Electricity demand will be reduced
 The solar energy is the natural power ,so we use the
power properly to avoid the these kind of problems in
our future