This document summarizes a seminar presentation on soil stabilization using lime and cement. It discusses the chemistry and processes involved in soil-cement and soil-lime stabilization. It provides details on factors that affect the strength of stabilized soil matrices like soil type, moisture content, and curing time. A case study is presented on a road base rehabilitation project in Malaysia where granular soil was stabilized using cement. Test results showed increases in compressive strength and stiffness over 28 days of curing. Empirical relationships were developed between strength, stiffness and deflection test measurements.
Overview of Soil Stabilization :Cement / Lime :PPTAniket Pateriya
Soil-cement is frequently used as a construction material for pipe bedding, slope protection, and road construction as a sub-base layer reinforcing and protecting the subgrade. It has good compressive and shear strength, but is brittle and has low tensile strength, so it is prone to forming cracks.
Lime can be used to treat soils to varying degrees, depending upon the objective. The least amount of treatment is used to dry and temporarily modify soils. Such treatment produces a working platform for construction or temporary roads. A greater degree of treatment supported by testing, design, and proper construction techniques--produces permanent structural stabilization of soils.
This document summarizes a study on the characterization of mortar containing crumb rubber. Crumb rubber was used to partially replace fine aggregates in mortar at percentages of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. The compressive strength of the mortar cubes decreased with increasing crumb rubber content. Mortar with 7.5% crumb rubber replacement achieved sufficient strength of 2-4 MPa for plastering purposes. The study also performed various tests on the crumb rubber and mortar mixtures to evaluate properties. The results indicate crumb rubber can be utilized in mortar production to address waste disposal while achieving adequate strength for some applications.
This document summarizes a study on using recycled concrete aggregate in concrete. It discusses that recycled aggregate can reduce environmental impacts from construction waste and lower costs. The study tested the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete with 20%, 40%, and 60% replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. The 40% replacement mix achieved the highest strengths. The study concluded that recycled aggregate concrete can meet design requirements and is a sustainable construction material option.
This document summarizes research on utilizing waste materials in concrete. It discusses how concrete is the second most consumed substance after water. Using recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash can reduce the environmental impact. Studies found that replacing up to 20% of materials with recycled aggregates and fly ash achieved similar or higher compressive strengths compared to normal concrete. The document outlines experimental methods to test properties of concrete mixes containing various percentages of replacements. It concludes that waste materials can replace up to 20% of materials without significantly compromising concrete strength.
Partial Replacement of cement by GGBS and FLY ASH.pptxManoharManu993491
This document presents the results of a study on the effects of partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash in concrete. The study tested different mix proportions at replacement levels of 0-30% and examined the workability (slump and compaction factor) and compressive strength at various curing periods. The results showed that workability initially increased with replacement but then decreased, while compressive strength generally improved with higher replacement levels and longer curing times. Specifically, mixes with 15% replacement exhibited optimal workability while mixes with 30% replacement achieved the highest compressive strength of 33.45 MPa.
Experimental study on strength and durability properties of concrete by using...vikram patel
The document describes an experimental study on using industrial waste to improve the strength and durability of concrete. It discusses replacing natural aggregates with waste tire rubber in concrete. Previous research found reductions in mechanical properties but improvements in durability. The study aims to investigate properties of rubberized concrete and determine an optimum replacement level of aggregates. Tests will be conducted on concrete mixtures with 0-50% coarse aggregate replaced by treated waste rubber to evaluate compressive strength and workability. The results could provide a more sustainable and cost-effective concrete production method while reducing waste.
The document discusses using polypropylene fibers in concrete to improve its properties. Various concrete mixtures with 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30% polypropylene fiber by volume were tested. Compression tests on cubes at 7 and 28 days found that compressive strength generally increased with fiber content up to 0.20-0.25%, with 0.30% showing little further improvement. Slump tests showed workability decreased slightly with higher fiber amounts. Water absorption decreased with fiber content, indicating reduced permeability. Applications include pavements, runways, bridges and building construction where polypropylene fiber concrete provides improved strength, crack resistance and durability.
Project Report on Concrete Mix Design of Grade M35Gyan Prakash
This document provides a project report on the concrete mix design for grade M-35 concrete. It includes an introduction to concrete mix design objectives and considerations. It then describes the Indian Standard method for mix design in six steps: 1) selecting target compressive strength, 2) selecting water-cement ratio, 3) estimating air content, 4) selecting water content and fine-coarse aggregate ratio, 5) calculating cement content, and 6) calculating aggregate content. The report also includes test results for materials and mixes.
Overview of Soil Stabilization :Cement / Lime :PPTAniket Pateriya
Soil-cement is frequently used as a construction material for pipe bedding, slope protection, and road construction as a sub-base layer reinforcing and protecting the subgrade. It has good compressive and shear strength, but is brittle and has low tensile strength, so it is prone to forming cracks.
Lime can be used to treat soils to varying degrees, depending upon the objective. The least amount of treatment is used to dry and temporarily modify soils. Such treatment produces a working platform for construction or temporary roads. A greater degree of treatment supported by testing, design, and proper construction techniques--produces permanent structural stabilization of soils.
This document summarizes a study on the characterization of mortar containing crumb rubber. Crumb rubber was used to partially replace fine aggregates in mortar at percentages of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. The compressive strength of the mortar cubes decreased with increasing crumb rubber content. Mortar with 7.5% crumb rubber replacement achieved sufficient strength of 2-4 MPa for plastering purposes. The study also performed various tests on the crumb rubber and mortar mixtures to evaluate properties. The results indicate crumb rubber can be utilized in mortar production to address waste disposal while achieving adequate strength for some applications.
This document summarizes a study on using recycled concrete aggregate in concrete. It discusses that recycled aggregate can reduce environmental impacts from construction waste and lower costs. The study tested the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete with 20%, 40%, and 60% replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. The 40% replacement mix achieved the highest strengths. The study concluded that recycled aggregate concrete can meet design requirements and is a sustainable construction material option.
This document summarizes research on utilizing waste materials in concrete. It discusses how concrete is the second most consumed substance after water. Using recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash can reduce the environmental impact. Studies found that replacing up to 20% of materials with recycled aggregates and fly ash achieved similar or higher compressive strengths compared to normal concrete. The document outlines experimental methods to test properties of concrete mixes containing various percentages of replacements. It concludes that waste materials can replace up to 20% of materials without significantly compromising concrete strength.
Partial Replacement of cement by GGBS and FLY ASH.pptxManoharManu993491
This document presents the results of a study on the effects of partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash in concrete. The study tested different mix proportions at replacement levels of 0-30% and examined the workability (slump and compaction factor) and compressive strength at various curing periods. The results showed that workability initially increased with replacement but then decreased, while compressive strength generally improved with higher replacement levels and longer curing times. Specifically, mixes with 15% replacement exhibited optimal workability while mixes with 30% replacement achieved the highest compressive strength of 33.45 MPa.
Experimental study on strength and durability properties of concrete by using...vikram patel
The document describes an experimental study on using industrial waste to improve the strength and durability of concrete. It discusses replacing natural aggregates with waste tire rubber in concrete. Previous research found reductions in mechanical properties but improvements in durability. The study aims to investigate properties of rubberized concrete and determine an optimum replacement level of aggregates. Tests will be conducted on concrete mixtures with 0-50% coarse aggregate replaced by treated waste rubber to evaluate compressive strength and workability. The results could provide a more sustainable and cost-effective concrete production method while reducing waste.
The document discusses using polypropylene fibers in concrete to improve its properties. Various concrete mixtures with 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30% polypropylene fiber by volume were tested. Compression tests on cubes at 7 and 28 days found that compressive strength generally increased with fiber content up to 0.20-0.25%, with 0.30% showing little further improvement. Slump tests showed workability decreased slightly with higher fiber amounts. Water absorption decreased with fiber content, indicating reduced permeability. Applications include pavements, runways, bridges and building construction where polypropylene fiber concrete provides improved strength, crack resistance and durability.
Project Report on Concrete Mix Design of Grade M35Gyan Prakash
This document provides a project report on the concrete mix design for grade M-35 concrete. It includes an introduction to concrete mix design objectives and considerations. It then describes the Indian Standard method for mix design in six steps: 1) selecting target compressive strength, 2) selecting water-cement ratio, 3) estimating air content, 4) selecting water content and fine-coarse aggregate ratio, 5) calculating cement content, and 6) calculating aggregate content. The report also includes test results for materials and mixes.
Replacement of cement by glass powder and sand quarry dustRakshith Suvarna
This document summarizes 10 research papers on the use of glass powder and quarry dust as partial replacements for cement and sand in concrete. Several key findings across the papers include: Glass powder can be used to replace up to 20-30% of cement, improving the compressive strength and durability of concrete. Finer glass powder (<90 microns) provides better strength results than coarser powder. Quarry dust can partially replace sand, but workability may decrease requiring additives. Combining quarry dust and glass powder as replacements produces concrete with strength comparable to normal concrete.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Strength of Conventional Concrete...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the strength properties of concrete with the addition of electric wire scrap. Specimens of M20 grade concrete were created with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% electric wire scrap by weight of cement. The specimens were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to determine compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that compressive strength and split tensile strength were highest with 1% wire addition, while flexural strength was highest with no wire addition. In conclusion, the addition of electric wire scrap can improve some concrete strength properties but the optimal amount depends on the specific property being considered.
This document summarizes a comparative study on the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Glass powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete mixes at varying percentages to replace cement. Concrete cubes were cast with different mix designs and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. Initial strength gains at 3 days were lower for mixes containing GGBS but strengths were equivalent to the control mix at 7 days. Based on results so far, replacing up to 50% of cement with a combination of 15% GGBS and 35% glass powder produced concrete with satisfactory workability and comparable compressive strength to
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coars...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the effects of partially replacing coarse aggregate with cinder in concrete. M30 concrete mixes were designed using the ISI method. Cubes and cylinders were cast with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% replacement of coarse aggregate with cinder and tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength generally decreased as the cinder replacement ratio increased. The highest strengths were obtained with 40-60% cinder replacement. Overall, partially replacing coarse aggregate with cinder produced lightweight concrete with reasonably good strength.
This document investigates using coffee husk ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete with a grade of C25. The objectives were to determine the workability and strength properties of concrete mixes containing different percentages of coffee husk ash. Testing showed that as the percentage of coffee husk ash increased, workability and compressive strength decreased while tensile strength initially increased up to 20% replacement before decreasing. The bulk density also decreased with higher coffee husk ash content. The conclusion was that a 5% replacement of cement with coffee husk ash provided benefits to strength without significantly impacting workability.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Strength Characteristics of Concrete Produced by Replacing Fine Aggregates wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study investigating the strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder and the addition of 2% basalt fiber. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder. The specimens were water cured for 7 and 28 days and then tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that partial replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder, along with the addition of basalt fiber, can increase the strength of concrete at an economical cost while also providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of industrial waste like marble powder.
IRJET - Analyzing the effect of filler on the Shear strength of Grouted sandIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of adding metakaolin as a partial replacement for cement on the shear strength of grouted sand. Tests were conducted on sand samples mixed with cement and 5%, 10%, and 15% metakaolin replacement at various water-binder ratios. The results showed that 10% metakaolin replacement produced the highest increase in cohesion and internal friction angle, and a water-binder ratio of 8:2 provided the best results for strengthening loose sandy soils through grouting.
a presentation on Concrete Mix Design1.pptRudraBasugade
The document discusses concrete mix design. It defines concrete mix design as determining the proportions of ingredients like cement, fine and coarse aggregates to produce concrete with required strength, durability and workability at minimum cost. It discusses factors to consider in mix design like compressive strength, workability, water-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size. It also describes different types of mixes and methods of mix design. An example is given of designing a M40 concrete mix with fly ash suitable for pumping.
Partial Replacement of Cement with brick Dust in concreteIRJET Journal
This document investigates partially replacing cement with brick dust in concrete. Three replacement levels of cement with brick dust were tested: 5%, 10%, and 15%. Tests on the concrete mixtures found that workability increased with brick dust replacement, with slump increasing from 28mm in normal concrete to 29mm with 15% replacement. Compressive strength was found to decrease with higher replacement levels, with 5% replacement showing similar 7-day and 28-day strengths to normal concrete, 10% replacement showing a minor strength reduction, and 15% replacement reducing strength by over 17% at 28 days. The document concludes that brick dust can replace up to 10% of cement to gain workability benefits without significant strength loss.
Strength And Workability Characteristics Of Super Plasticized Concrete.AshishVivekSukh
The aim of this project is to study the workability and strength characteristics of superplasticized concrete. The investigation is carried out using workability test, compressive strength test, split tensile test and modulus of elasticity test.
Experimental Study on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with GGBS a...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effect of partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and river sand with steel slag on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes of M20 grade were cast by replacing cement with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% GGBS and river sand with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% steel slag. Compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days showed that concrete with 15% GGBS replacement of cement and 30% steel slag replacement of river sand achieved the highest compressive strength compared to other mixes and the control concrete. Therefore, the optimal mix was determined to be 15% GGBS and 30% steel
The document discusses pervious concrete and its properties. It summarizes several studies that aimed to improve the strength of pervious concrete by adding fibers and other materials. The main goal of the project was to increase the compressive strength, flexural strength, and permeability of pervious concrete. Studies found that the addition of polypropylene fibers, steel fibers, nano-silica, and GGBS increased the strength of pervious concrete compared to conventional concrete. The document outlines the methodology that will be used to test different fiber mixtures and admixtures to determine which provides the highest strength pervious concrete.
This document evaluates the strength parameters of self-compacting concrete incorporated with carbon and glass fibres. It discusses how the concrete was made with various percentages of micro silica and fibres as a replacement for cement. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the concrete achieved the highest strength at 0.6% addition of carbon or glass fibres, with carbon fibres performing slightly better. In conclusion, the compressive strength increased by 12% for carbon fibre and 8% for glass fibre mixtures at the 0.6% fibre level.
The document provides an overview of testing conducted at the NTPC Gadarwada power plant project site. It summarizes various material testing methods used, including testing of concrete (compressive strength, slump, and core cutter tests), cement (Vicat test), soil (liquid limit, proctor, and core cutter tests), steel (bend-rebend test), bricks (water absorption, compression, warpage, and efflorescence tests), and reinforcement. It also summarizes quality control methods used in various construction activities like fabrication, erection, site leveling, roads, foundations, and pre-engineered structures.
IRJET- A Study on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)Material using Sub-Grade La...IRJET Journal
1) The study evaluated the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in the sub-grade layer of flexible pavements in Vidisha City.
2) Tests were conducted on soil samples mixed with different percentages of RAP material to determine the California bearing ratio (CBR) value and compare it to normal soil.
3) The results showed that mixing soil with 25% RAP material increased the CBR value to 10.29%, higher than the minimum 8% required by codes, indicating that RAP material can improve the bearing capacity of soil for use in sub-grade layers.
1) The document presents a study on the mix design parameters of high strength concrete using iso-strength lines.
2) Sixteen concrete mixes were designed with water-binder ratios ranging from 0.30 to 0.42 and silica fume replacements ranging from 0 to 15%.
3) Regression analysis was used to develop relationships between slump, water content, and compressive strength at various ages for the different mixes. Iso-strength lines were plotted to predict strength based on water-binder ratio and silica fume content.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses redesigning the structure of a main spindle box for a machine tool using polymer concrete instead of cast iron. It summarizes the process undertaken, which included static, dynamic, and thermal analysis of the original cast iron design and redesigned polymer concrete design. The analyses showed the polymer concrete design had higher natural frequencies, better damping performance, and a 50% reduced mass compared to the original cast iron design while still meeting structural requirements. The document concludes the redesign successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using polymer concrete for machine tool structures.
The document summarizes an M.Tech dissertation project on using hazardous pulp and paper mill sludge in controlled low strength material (CLSM) with reclaimed asphalt pavement for rural road bases. The project aims to assess the safe disposal of mill sludge and evaluate its use in CLSM mixes to design granular base layers meeting rural road standards. Literature on similar uses of industrial wastes in road construction is reviewed. The methodology involves procuring and testing materials, designing CLSM mixes incorporating varying amounts of mill sludge, casting test specimens, and evaluating mechanical and durability properties. Initial work cast concrete specimens and conducted basic material characterization. Future work includes microstructural analysis and pavement design/cost analysis.
Replacement of cement by glass powder and sand quarry dustRakshith Suvarna
This document summarizes 10 research papers on the use of glass powder and quarry dust as partial replacements for cement and sand in concrete. Several key findings across the papers include: Glass powder can be used to replace up to 20-30% of cement, improving the compressive strength and durability of concrete. Finer glass powder (<90 microns) provides better strength results than coarser powder. Quarry dust can partially replace sand, but workability may decrease requiring additives. Combining quarry dust and glass powder as replacements produces concrete with strength comparable to normal concrete.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Strength of Conventional Concrete...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the strength properties of concrete with the addition of electric wire scrap. Specimens of M20 grade concrete were created with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% electric wire scrap by weight of cement. The specimens were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to determine compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that compressive strength and split tensile strength were highest with 1% wire addition, while flexural strength was highest with no wire addition. In conclusion, the addition of electric wire scrap can improve some concrete strength properties but the optimal amount depends on the specific property being considered.
This document summarizes a comparative study on the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Glass powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete mixes at varying percentages to replace cement. Concrete cubes were cast with different mix designs and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. Initial strength gains at 3 days were lower for mixes containing GGBS but strengths were equivalent to the control mix at 7 days. Based on results so far, replacing up to 50% of cement with a combination of 15% GGBS and 35% glass powder produced concrete with satisfactory workability and comparable compressive strength to
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coars...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the effects of partially replacing coarse aggregate with cinder in concrete. M30 concrete mixes were designed using the ISI method. Cubes and cylinders were cast with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% replacement of coarse aggregate with cinder and tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength generally decreased as the cinder replacement ratio increased. The highest strengths were obtained with 40-60% cinder replacement. Overall, partially replacing coarse aggregate with cinder produced lightweight concrete with reasonably good strength.
This document investigates using coffee husk ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete with a grade of C25. The objectives were to determine the workability and strength properties of concrete mixes containing different percentages of coffee husk ash. Testing showed that as the percentage of coffee husk ash increased, workability and compressive strength decreased while tensile strength initially increased up to 20% replacement before decreasing. The bulk density also decreased with higher coffee husk ash content. The conclusion was that a 5% replacement of cement with coffee husk ash provided benefits to strength without significantly impacting workability.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Strength Characteristics of Concrete Produced by Replacing Fine Aggregates wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study investigating the strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder and the addition of 2% basalt fiber. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder. The specimens were water cured for 7 and 28 days and then tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that partial replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder, along with the addition of basalt fiber, can increase the strength of concrete at an economical cost while also providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of industrial waste like marble powder.
IRJET - Analyzing the effect of filler on the Shear strength of Grouted sandIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of adding metakaolin as a partial replacement for cement on the shear strength of grouted sand. Tests were conducted on sand samples mixed with cement and 5%, 10%, and 15% metakaolin replacement at various water-binder ratios. The results showed that 10% metakaolin replacement produced the highest increase in cohesion and internal friction angle, and a water-binder ratio of 8:2 provided the best results for strengthening loose sandy soils through grouting.
a presentation on Concrete Mix Design1.pptRudraBasugade
The document discusses concrete mix design. It defines concrete mix design as determining the proportions of ingredients like cement, fine and coarse aggregates to produce concrete with required strength, durability and workability at minimum cost. It discusses factors to consider in mix design like compressive strength, workability, water-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size. It also describes different types of mixes and methods of mix design. An example is given of designing a M40 concrete mix with fly ash suitable for pumping.
Partial Replacement of Cement with brick Dust in concreteIRJET Journal
This document investigates partially replacing cement with brick dust in concrete. Three replacement levels of cement with brick dust were tested: 5%, 10%, and 15%. Tests on the concrete mixtures found that workability increased with brick dust replacement, with slump increasing from 28mm in normal concrete to 29mm with 15% replacement. Compressive strength was found to decrease with higher replacement levels, with 5% replacement showing similar 7-day and 28-day strengths to normal concrete, 10% replacement showing a minor strength reduction, and 15% replacement reducing strength by over 17% at 28 days. The document concludes that brick dust can replace up to 10% of cement to gain workability benefits without significant strength loss.
Strength And Workability Characteristics Of Super Plasticized Concrete.AshishVivekSukh
The aim of this project is to study the workability and strength characteristics of superplasticized concrete. The investigation is carried out using workability test, compressive strength test, split tensile test and modulus of elasticity test.
Experimental Study on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with GGBS a...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effect of partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and river sand with steel slag on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes of M20 grade were cast by replacing cement with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% GGBS and river sand with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% steel slag. Compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days showed that concrete with 15% GGBS replacement of cement and 30% steel slag replacement of river sand achieved the highest compressive strength compared to other mixes and the control concrete. Therefore, the optimal mix was determined to be 15% GGBS and 30% steel
The document discusses pervious concrete and its properties. It summarizes several studies that aimed to improve the strength of pervious concrete by adding fibers and other materials. The main goal of the project was to increase the compressive strength, flexural strength, and permeability of pervious concrete. Studies found that the addition of polypropylene fibers, steel fibers, nano-silica, and GGBS increased the strength of pervious concrete compared to conventional concrete. The document outlines the methodology that will be used to test different fiber mixtures and admixtures to determine which provides the highest strength pervious concrete.
This document evaluates the strength parameters of self-compacting concrete incorporated with carbon and glass fibres. It discusses how the concrete was made with various percentages of micro silica and fibres as a replacement for cement. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the concrete achieved the highest strength at 0.6% addition of carbon or glass fibres, with carbon fibres performing slightly better. In conclusion, the compressive strength increased by 12% for carbon fibre and 8% for glass fibre mixtures at the 0.6% fibre level.
The document provides an overview of testing conducted at the NTPC Gadarwada power plant project site. It summarizes various material testing methods used, including testing of concrete (compressive strength, slump, and core cutter tests), cement (Vicat test), soil (liquid limit, proctor, and core cutter tests), steel (bend-rebend test), bricks (water absorption, compression, warpage, and efflorescence tests), and reinforcement. It also summarizes quality control methods used in various construction activities like fabrication, erection, site leveling, roads, foundations, and pre-engineered structures.
IRJET- A Study on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)Material using Sub-Grade La...IRJET Journal
1) The study evaluated the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in the sub-grade layer of flexible pavements in Vidisha City.
2) Tests were conducted on soil samples mixed with different percentages of RAP material to determine the California bearing ratio (CBR) value and compare it to normal soil.
3) The results showed that mixing soil with 25% RAP material increased the CBR value to 10.29%, higher than the minimum 8% required by codes, indicating that RAP material can improve the bearing capacity of soil for use in sub-grade layers.
1) The document presents a study on the mix design parameters of high strength concrete using iso-strength lines.
2) Sixteen concrete mixes were designed with water-binder ratios ranging from 0.30 to 0.42 and silica fume replacements ranging from 0 to 15%.
3) Regression analysis was used to develop relationships between slump, water content, and compressive strength at various ages for the different mixes. Iso-strength lines were plotted to predict strength based on water-binder ratio and silica fume content.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses redesigning the structure of a main spindle box for a machine tool using polymer concrete instead of cast iron. It summarizes the process undertaken, which included static, dynamic, and thermal analysis of the original cast iron design and redesigned polymer concrete design. The analyses showed the polymer concrete design had higher natural frequencies, better damping performance, and a 50% reduced mass compared to the original cast iron design while still meeting structural requirements. The document concludes the redesign successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using polymer concrete for machine tool structures.
The document summarizes an M.Tech dissertation project on using hazardous pulp and paper mill sludge in controlled low strength material (CLSM) with reclaimed asphalt pavement for rural road bases. The project aims to assess the safe disposal of mill sludge and evaluate its use in CLSM mixes to design granular base layers meeting rural road standards. Literature on similar uses of industrial wastes in road construction is reviewed. The methodology involves procuring and testing materials, designing CLSM mixes incorporating varying amounts of mill sludge, casting test specimens, and evaluating mechanical and durability properties. Initial work cast concrete specimens and conducted basic material characterization. Future work includes microstructural analysis and pavement design/cost analysis.
1. Presented By
Balaji Patil
SPSMS
N B NAVALE SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KEGAON SOLAPUR
Civil Engineering Department
Guided By
Prof.P.P,Waychal
A Seminar On
Stabilization of soil using lime
4. Soil-Cement stabilization:
• Laboratory tests
• Construction method :
Pulverising the soil
Shaping the sub grade and scarifying the soil
Adding and mixing cement
Adding the mixing water
Compacting
Finishing
Curing
Adding wearing surfacing
5. • Cement stabilizes soil in two ways,
Reduces soil plasticity (In Soil having high amount of clay in general).
Cementation
• The strength of soil-cement increases with age
6. Importance factor affecting strength of soil-cement matrix are
as follow:
Nature of soil: Effective when clay soil LL is less than 45% and PI is less than about 25%.
Cement content range: Granular soil (3 to 10%) and clay soil (7 to 16%).
Moisture content of new matrix: Same as OMC for achieve maximum dry density.
Maximum strength is achieved at moisture content slightly less than this.
Admixtures: Either to reduce cement content or in order to make soil suitable for stability,
Etc.
7. Advantages:
• Stiffness: Distribute loads over a wider area and rutting is relatively simple and less
expensive to correct.
• Great Strength: Reserve strength also resists cyclic cold, rain and spring-thaw damage.
• Superior Performance: Good service at low maintenance costs
• Reduces the occurrence of fatigue cracking.
• It is designed material whose properties and production can be very carefully tested and
controlled.
• It is durable material
• Due to fractural strength it offend classified as semi-rigid material.
8. Disadvantages:
Cement is costly material.
As cement hydrated volumetric change may take place give shrinkage crack.
9. Soil-Lime stabilization:
• Fine-grained clay soils (with a minimum of 25 percent passing the #200 sieve (75μm)
and a Plasticity Index greater than 10) are considered to be good candidates for
stabilization.
• Subgrade stabilization requires adding 3 to 6 % lime by weight of the dry soil.
10. The Chemistry of Lime Treatment:
Drying:
• Chemical reaction
• Subsequent reactions reduce the soil’s moisture holding capacity.
Modification:
• Flocculation and agglomeration“,
• Lime content of 3 to 18% by volume are used to reduce plasticity of clay.
Pozzolanic or cementation reaction: Stable calcium silicate and aluminates
form
Carbonation:
• Lime react with carbon dioxide and form calcium carbonate it increases
the
11. Importance FactorAffecting Strength of Soil-lime Matrix :
• Compaction Characteristic:
The maximum density decreases with curing time and lime content.
The optimum moisture content, Increase with curing time and lime content.
• Plasticity and workability:
Plasticity index decreases and shrinkage limit increases.
Soil with high plastic index initially required high lime content.
• Volume change: significant reduction in swell potential and swell pressure occur.
• Strength:
Lime increase the
Minor changes in angle of internal friction.
12. Advantages:
Lime stabilization improved the strength, stiffness and durability of fine-grained soil,
Effective in heavy clay soils.
When use in clay, lower the LL and PI of soil.
It produces maximum density under higher optimum moisture content then in untreated soil.
Lime stabilization also use for highly unstable plastic and swelling clay.
Disadvantages:
This mainly suitable for clayey coil, Soil contain more than 2% organic content may not
suitable.
13. Case Study :
In-Situ Stabilization of Road Base Using Cement
trial section along the North-South Expressway in Malaysia
Design parameters adopted in the cement stabilized base (CTB) design is as follows:
Design water content within 4.5+0.5% of the dry mass of aggregate and cement.
Design cement content was 3.5% (by mass of the dry aggregate). The cement content was
decided based on the targeted compressive strength (4 MPa to 8 MPa).
Aminimum effective stiffness modulus of 1000MPa to be achieved after 28 days of curing.
The average 7-days compressive strength determined from a group of 5 cubes of the CTB
road-base shall be between 4 and 8MPa.
The average in-situ wet density shall not be less than 94% of the average wet density of the
corresponding group of 5 cubes.
14. Age
at
test (days)
In-situ compressive strength (MPa)
from core samples
In-situ compressive
strength (MPa) from
cube specimens
1 - 3
3 - 5.5
4 4.5 -
7 - 6.0
8 6.0 -
29 7.5 -
Table : Compressive strength of the CTB layer
15. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) was adopted to determine the in-situ stiffness of the
cement stabilized road base material.
Figure : Falling weight deflectometer (FWD)
]
16. • Normalized deflection readings were measured by geophones at distances (0, 300mm,
600mm, 900mm, 1200mm, 1500mm and 2100mm) from the center of the loading
plate
• FWD test:
Center deflection reading of 900 microns at 85 percentile value.
For tests performed on the CTB, center deflection value at 85 percentiles for the 3
and 7 days are 500 micron and 400 microns, respectively.
Center deflection at 85 percentile gives a value of 300 micron for 28 days cure.
Figure : FWD center deflection profiles before and after cement stabilization
A: (3 and 7 days); B: (28 days)
17. Test stages Effective stiffness modulus (MPa)
at 85 percentile values
Pavement Layers CTB Road base
Granular Road base
Before Recycling
- 280
CTB after 3 days 700 -
CTB after 7 days 1150 -
Asphalt Surface after
28 days
1350 -
Table : Effective stiffness modulus of the CTB layer
19. Figure : Stiffness modulus and compressive strength relationship from field test
20. Statistical regression analyses have been performed to establish the empirical relationship
• The relationship for compressive strength and FWD deflection is illustrated in following
Equation:
Su 7.4543 ln(D1) 51.002
Where, Su is compressive strength of CTB (MPa), and D1 is the reading from FWD
deflection sensor (micron).
• The Relation stiffness modulus and compressive strength of CTB is illustrated in following
Equation:
E 381 Su 0.6047
Where, E is the back-calculated stiffness modulus (MPa)
21. Conclusions of case study
• A pavement section of 100m in length on the Southbound Carriageway of the North-
South Expressway (West Malaysia) has been rehabilitated by strengthening the
existing granular road base using cement stabilization.
• The deflections were observed to decrease between 3 and 7 days due to curing of the
CTB base. The use of cement stabilized base leads to a significant improvement in the
structural capacity of the pavement.
• An empirical relationship between the in situ compressive strength and the deflection
of the CTB layer has been proposed.
• An empirical relationship between the stiffness modulus and the in-situ compressive
strength of the CTB.
• FWD test also used to demonstrate that the required compressive strength and stiffness
modulus of the CTB had been achieved on site
• These two engineering relationships and actual FED results can be useful for the
monitoring the performance of the CTB layer when stabilization is in progress for
actual work.
• The expected design life, based on the actual in-situ properties of the pavement, could
be determined in greater confidence.
22. REFERENCES
Bikash Chandra Chattopadhyay, Joyanta Maity. “Foundation Engineering” ;(Text
Book), PHI, New Delhi.
Dastidar, A.G. (1985). “Treatment of weak soil- An Indian perspective” -
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1.
G. W. K. Chai, E. Y. N. Oh and A. S. Balasubramaniam. (2014). “In-Situ Stabilization
of Road Base Using Cement - A Case Study in Malaysia”, School of Engineering,
Griffith University, Australia.
Lamb, T.W. (1962). “Soil Stabilization in foundation engineering”. - G. A. Leonard
(Ed.) McGraw-Hill, New York.
NLA (National Lime Association). (1985). “Lime Stabilization Construction
Manual”; Bulletin 326, Arlington, VA.
Shashi Gulhati, Manoj Datta. “Geotechnical Engineering” ;(Text Book), McGraw-
Hill, New Delhi.