This document discusses the various organisms that live in soil. It describes the different sizes of soil organisms from macro to micro, and lists examples like earthworms, fungi, bacteria, mites and springtails. It explains the roles of different types of animals, fungi, protists and bacteria in the soil. The document also discusses the rhizosphere, the area of soil influenced by plant roots, and the factors like organic matter, oxygen, moisture and pH that affect microbial growth in soil.
Micro-organisms are microscopic organisms that are either single-celled or multi-cellular. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology, which began with Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes in 1675 using his own microscope. Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic micro-organisms, typically a few micrometers in length and found in a variety of shapes. Bacteria were some of the first life forms on Earth and are found in most habitats including soil, water, hot springs, radioactive waste, and deep within the Earth's crust, as well as in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.
The natural outdoor scene described contains a bright sun, plants growing all over, and raindrops. Various insects are seen on the plants while birds have built nests. There are also grassy areas present.
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including biome, biotic and abiotic factors, producers, consumers, decomposers, populations, communities, niches, limiting factors, food chains, food webs, and human impacts such as habitat reduction, pollution, and nutrient cycles. It provides examples of different biomes and describes the roles of different organisms within ecosystems.
he rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome.
The phyllosphere is a term used in microbiology to refer to the total above-ground portions of plants as habitat for microorganisms.
The document discusses the phyllosphere, which refers to the above-ground parts of plants that serve as habitat for microorganisms. It notes that leaf surfaces can provide conditions for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. A variety of bacteria, fungi, algae, and other microbes inhabit plant leaves. Certain bacteria and cyanobacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Understanding the microbial communities on leaves is important for agriculture to control plant pathogens and foodborne illnesses from contaminated produce.
Migration of ions and molecules in soilPhD studant
This document provides an overview of soil definitions, formation, properties, and chemistry. It discusses the components and texture of soil, as well as physical properties like structure, bulk density, porosity, and water holding capacity. Soil chemistry includes common elements and molecules in soils. Organic matter and pH are also explained. The mechanisms by which soils form and weather are outlined. The document is divided into three parts, with the second part focusing on the migration of ions and molecules in soil and the third on research examples.
Micro-organisms are microscopic organisms that are either single-celled or multi-cellular. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology, which began with Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes in 1675 using his own microscope. Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic micro-organisms, typically a few micrometers in length and found in a variety of shapes. Bacteria were some of the first life forms on Earth and are found in most habitats including soil, water, hot springs, radioactive waste, and deep within the Earth's crust, as well as in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.
The natural outdoor scene described contains a bright sun, plants growing all over, and raindrops. Various insects are seen on the plants while birds have built nests. There are also grassy areas present.
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including biome, biotic and abiotic factors, producers, consumers, decomposers, populations, communities, niches, limiting factors, food chains, food webs, and human impacts such as habitat reduction, pollution, and nutrient cycles. It provides examples of different biomes and describes the roles of different organisms within ecosystems.
he rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome.
The phyllosphere is a term used in microbiology to refer to the total above-ground portions of plants as habitat for microorganisms.
The document discusses the phyllosphere, which refers to the above-ground parts of plants that serve as habitat for microorganisms. It notes that leaf surfaces can provide conditions for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. A variety of bacteria, fungi, algae, and other microbes inhabit plant leaves. Certain bacteria and cyanobacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Understanding the microbial communities on leaves is important for agriculture to control plant pathogens and foodborne illnesses from contaminated produce.
Migration of ions and molecules in soilPhD studant
This document provides an overview of soil definitions, formation, properties, and chemistry. It discusses the components and texture of soil, as well as physical properties like structure, bulk density, porosity, and water holding capacity. Soil chemistry includes common elements and molecules in soils. Organic matter and pH are also explained. The mechanisms by which soils form and weather are outlined. The document is divided into three parts, with the second part focusing on the migration of ions and molecules in soil and the third on research examples.
living inhabitants of soil by Sarah Ashfaq 5th Semester.pptxSarahAshfaq4
1. The document defines soil inhabitants as organisms that live in soil for part or all of their life. It discusses the different types of living organisms found in soil, including archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, and various fauna ranging from micro to macro in size.
2. Soil organisms play an important role in maintaining soil fertility, structure, and nutrient cycling. They break down organic matter, release nutrients, and convert them to forms usable by plants.
3. The document discusses the different size groups of soil organisms from micro to mega, providing examples such as protists, microfauna including protozoa and nematodes, mesofauna including mites and springtails, macrofauna
This document provides a summary of soil microorganisms and their functions in 3 sentences or less:
Soil is teeming with life including bacteria, fungi, protists, and animals that carry out essential functions like decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots. There can be thousands of species of microbes like bacteria and fungi, and dozens of species of larger organisms like earthworms, mites and nematodes in a single handful of healthy soil. These diverse soil microorganisms interact and carry out critical processes in the soil ecosystem that support plant growth and agricultural production.
The document provides information about soil biology and biodiversity. It discusses the different types of organisms that inhabit soil, grouped into microbiota, mesofauna, and macrofauna based on their size. Microbiota includes microorganisms and microfauna less than 200 μm in size that decompose organic matter. Mesofauna ranges from 200 μm to 10 mm and includes microarthropods. Macrofauna are visible to the naked eye, such as earthworms, ants, and termites. These different soil organisms perform important functions like nutrient cycling, decomposition, and regulating soil structure. Certain macroinvertebrates like termites, ants, and earthworms are considered ecological engineers as they modify
Soil microbiology and cycles of the elementsCara Molina
Soil is formed over long periods of time from weathered rock and decayed organic matter. It consists of minerals like sand, silt, and clay as well as organic matter and hosts a diverse array of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and supporting plant growth. The most abundant microbes are bacteria and fungi, which break down organic residues. Other microbes like actinomycetes and mycorrhizal fungi also contribute to soil fertility. Protists and nematodes regulate microbe populations as predators. Overall, the complex web of soil microorganisms drives key ecosystem functions.
Soils give a mechanical support to plants from which they extract nutrients. soil provides shelters for many animal types, from invertebrates such as worms and insects up to mammals like rabbits, moles, foxes and badgers. It also provides habitats colonised by a staggering variety of microorganisms. This module is about the microbial life in soils.
Soil microbiology- Microbes Associated with SoilSruthyPB3
This document summarizes the key points from a university lecture on soil microorganisms. It discusses the types and abundance of microorganisms found in soil, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It explains the important roles microorganisms play in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients, enhancing soil structure, and maintaining soil quality. The document also covers how environmental factors like pH, phosphorus, and soil texture can influence microbial communities. In summary, soil microorganisms drive many critical ecosystem functions through their roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling.
The document discusses the microbial flora found in soil. It describes the five major groups of microorganisms present: bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses. Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse, with billions in each gram of soil, while fungi and algae also play important roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling. Protozoa help regulate bacterial populations by ingesting them. Overall, the complex microbial communities in soil are crucial for soil health and plant growth.
Soil Microbiology_MSP. related to microbes present in soilSanideepPathak
Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Microorganisms are important for soil structure, fertility and biochemical processes like nitrogen fixation and degradation. The most abundant microorganisms in soil are bacteria and actinomycetes, which comprise about 40% each. Bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi play key roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, plant growth promotion, and formation of soil structure. Microorganisms are essential for biogeochemical cycles including carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles. They can also be used for bioremediation of contaminated soils.
This document provides an introduction to soil microbiology. It defines soil and discusses its organic matter content and the variety of microorganisms that inhabit soil, including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, and protozoa. The document outlines the abundance and distribution of different microbial groups in soil. It also discusses the importance and scope of soil microbiology, highlighting the roles microbes play in processes like plant growth, soil structure, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and their potential to degrade plastic pollution.
Plant microbe interaction by dr. ashwin chekeAshwin Cheke
PLANT MICROBE – INTERACTIONS AND THEIR MUTUAL BENEFITS IN ENHANCING SOIL HEALTH AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,
IT ALSO INCREASE CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPROVE SOIL HEALTH
An ecosystem is a functional unit formed by the interaction of living organisms and their physical environment. The document discusses two main ecosystems - forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.
Forest ecosystems have trees as their key component and include producers like trees, consumers like deer and birds, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. They provide benefits like increasing soil humus, conserving wildlife, and regulating climate.
Grassland ecosystems are dominated by grasses and herbivorous plants. They include grass producers, herbivore primary consumers like cows, carnivore secondary consumers like snakes, and decomposers. Grasslands provide benefits such as groundwater recharge, preventing floods, and producing food.
An ecosystem is a functional unit formed by the interaction of living organisms and their physical environment. The document discusses two main ecosystems - forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.
Forest ecosystems have trees as the key component and include producers like trees, consumers like deer and birds, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. They provide benefits like increasing soil humus, conserving wildlife, and regulating climate.
Grassland ecosystems are dominated by grasses and herbivorous plants. They include grass producers, herbivore primary consumers like cows, carnivore secondary consumers like snakes, and decomposers. Grasslands provide benefits such as groundwater recharge, preventing floods, and producing food.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including biome, ecosystem, living things, environment, and interactions between living things and their environment. It provides examples of different ecosystem types like forests, grasslands, deserts, rivers, lakes, and seas. Within ecosystems, living things occupy different trophic levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, or decomposers. Ecosystems can be affected by human activities like agriculture, construction, hunting, pollution from insecticides, waste, and fossil fuel combustion, which contributes to issues like global warming and species extinction.
Soil biology is the study of microorganisms that live in soil, including their interactions with the environment and each other. There are many important groups of soil organisms including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, micro- and mesofauna, and macrofauna like earthworms. Soil organisms carry out essential functions such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and improving soil structure.
introduction to Agriculture and components.pptxMonairMorgan
This document discusses agriculture and soil science. It is divided into several sections that cover the definition of agriculture, the four main specialized areas of agriculture including crop production, agriculture economics, livestock production, and agriculture engineering. It also defines soil, describes the components of soil including mineral particles, organic matter, water and air. It outlines different types of soil such as sandy soil, clay soil, loam soil, and silty soil. Finally, it discusses soilless media and provides examples of organic, inorganic, liquid and synthetic soilless media options.
The document provides information on the key concepts of ecology. It discusses ecology as the study of organisms in relation to their environment, including their relationships with each other and non-living components. Some key abiotic and biotic factors that influence organisms are described. The document also outlines different types of ecosystems and communities, and explains concepts such as niche, population, food webs, trophic levels, and energy flow through ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of soil biodiversity and the roles of different soil organisms. It discusses microorganisms, microfauna, mesofauna, macrofauna and their functions. Key groups include earthworms, termites, ants and their roles in nutrient cycling, soil structure formation, and carbon sequestration. Land use and management practices can positively or negatively impact soil biodiversity. Maintaining soil organic matter and reducing tillage are important for soil health improvement.
This document describes the diversity of organisms found in soil and their roles in the ecosystem. It shows that bacteria are the most abundant, numbering in the tens of billions per gram of soil. Larger organisms like earthworms, beetles and spiders become fewer in number as size increases. All organisms contribute to nutrient cycling through decomposition of organic matter and predation on one another. The document explores key organisms like fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and mites under a microscope to show their forms and functions in soil.
The document defines key terms in ecology, including:
- Ecology as the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment that determine distribution and abundance.
- Ecosystem as a natural unit composed of living and non-living components whose interactions lead to a self-sustaining system.
- Biome as a large region characterized by distinct climate and life forms adapted to it, such as tropical rainforests, savannas, and tundra.
Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. These microorganisms are important because they affect soil structure and fertility through organic matter decomposition, nutrient transformations, and symbiotic relationships with plants. The four major groups of microbes found in soil are bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and algae, each playing an important role in soil health and plant growth.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
living inhabitants of soil by Sarah Ashfaq 5th Semester.pptxSarahAshfaq4
1. The document defines soil inhabitants as organisms that live in soil for part or all of their life. It discusses the different types of living organisms found in soil, including archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, and various fauna ranging from micro to macro in size.
2. Soil organisms play an important role in maintaining soil fertility, structure, and nutrient cycling. They break down organic matter, release nutrients, and convert them to forms usable by plants.
3. The document discusses the different size groups of soil organisms from micro to mega, providing examples such as protists, microfauna including protozoa and nematodes, mesofauna including mites and springtails, macrofauna
This document provides a summary of soil microorganisms and their functions in 3 sentences or less:
Soil is teeming with life including bacteria, fungi, protists, and animals that carry out essential functions like decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots. There can be thousands of species of microbes like bacteria and fungi, and dozens of species of larger organisms like earthworms, mites and nematodes in a single handful of healthy soil. These diverse soil microorganisms interact and carry out critical processes in the soil ecosystem that support plant growth and agricultural production.
The document provides information about soil biology and biodiversity. It discusses the different types of organisms that inhabit soil, grouped into microbiota, mesofauna, and macrofauna based on their size. Microbiota includes microorganisms and microfauna less than 200 μm in size that decompose organic matter. Mesofauna ranges from 200 μm to 10 mm and includes microarthropods. Macrofauna are visible to the naked eye, such as earthworms, ants, and termites. These different soil organisms perform important functions like nutrient cycling, decomposition, and regulating soil structure. Certain macroinvertebrates like termites, ants, and earthworms are considered ecological engineers as they modify
Soil microbiology and cycles of the elementsCara Molina
Soil is formed over long periods of time from weathered rock and decayed organic matter. It consists of minerals like sand, silt, and clay as well as organic matter and hosts a diverse array of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and supporting plant growth. The most abundant microbes are bacteria and fungi, which break down organic residues. Other microbes like actinomycetes and mycorrhizal fungi also contribute to soil fertility. Protists and nematodes regulate microbe populations as predators. Overall, the complex web of soil microorganisms drives key ecosystem functions.
Soils give a mechanical support to plants from which they extract nutrients. soil provides shelters for many animal types, from invertebrates such as worms and insects up to mammals like rabbits, moles, foxes and badgers. It also provides habitats colonised by a staggering variety of microorganisms. This module is about the microbial life in soils.
Soil microbiology- Microbes Associated with SoilSruthyPB3
This document summarizes the key points from a university lecture on soil microorganisms. It discusses the types and abundance of microorganisms found in soil, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It explains the important roles microorganisms play in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients, enhancing soil structure, and maintaining soil quality. The document also covers how environmental factors like pH, phosphorus, and soil texture can influence microbial communities. In summary, soil microorganisms drive many critical ecosystem functions through their roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling.
The document discusses the microbial flora found in soil. It describes the five major groups of microorganisms present: bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses. Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse, with billions in each gram of soil, while fungi and algae also play important roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling. Protozoa help regulate bacterial populations by ingesting them. Overall, the complex microbial communities in soil are crucial for soil health and plant growth.
Soil Microbiology_MSP. related to microbes present in soilSanideepPathak
Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Microorganisms are important for soil structure, fertility and biochemical processes like nitrogen fixation and degradation. The most abundant microorganisms in soil are bacteria and actinomycetes, which comprise about 40% each. Bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi play key roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, plant growth promotion, and formation of soil structure. Microorganisms are essential for biogeochemical cycles including carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles. They can also be used for bioremediation of contaminated soils.
This document provides an introduction to soil microbiology. It defines soil and discusses its organic matter content and the variety of microorganisms that inhabit soil, including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, and protozoa. The document outlines the abundance and distribution of different microbial groups in soil. It also discusses the importance and scope of soil microbiology, highlighting the roles microbes play in processes like plant growth, soil structure, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and their potential to degrade plastic pollution.
Plant microbe interaction by dr. ashwin chekeAshwin Cheke
PLANT MICROBE – INTERACTIONS AND THEIR MUTUAL BENEFITS IN ENHANCING SOIL HEALTH AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,
IT ALSO INCREASE CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPROVE SOIL HEALTH
An ecosystem is a functional unit formed by the interaction of living organisms and their physical environment. The document discusses two main ecosystems - forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.
Forest ecosystems have trees as their key component and include producers like trees, consumers like deer and birds, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. They provide benefits like increasing soil humus, conserving wildlife, and regulating climate.
Grassland ecosystems are dominated by grasses and herbivorous plants. They include grass producers, herbivore primary consumers like cows, carnivore secondary consumers like snakes, and decomposers. Grasslands provide benefits such as groundwater recharge, preventing floods, and producing food.
An ecosystem is a functional unit formed by the interaction of living organisms and their physical environment. The document discusses two main ecosystems - forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.
Forest ecosystems have trees as the key component and include producers like trees, consumers like deer and birds, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. They provide benefits like increasing soil humus, conserving wildlife, and regulating climate.
Grassland ecosystems are dominated by grasses and herbivorous plants. They include grass producers, herbivore primary consumers like cows, carnivore secondary consumers like snakes, and decomposers. Grasslands provide benefits such as groundwater recharge, preventing floods, and producing food.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including biome, ecosystem, living things, environment, and interactions between living things and their environment. It provides examples of different ecosystem types like forests, grasslands, deserts, rivers, lakes, and seas. Within ecosystems, living things occupy different trophic levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, or decomposers. Ecosystems can be affected by human activities like agriculture, construction, hunting, pollution from insecticides, waste, and fossil fuel combustion, which contributes to issues like global warming and species extinction.
Soil biology is the study of microorganisms that live in soil, including their interactions with the environment and each other. There are many important groups of soil organisms including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, micro- and mesofauna, and macrofauna like earthworms. Soil organisms carry out essential functions such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and improving soil structure.
introduction to Agriculture and components.pptxMonairMorgan
This document discusses agriculture and soil science. It is divided into several sections that cover the definition of agriculture, the four main specialized areas of agriculture including crop production, agriculture economics, livestock production, and agriculture engineering. It also defines soil, describes the components of soil including mineral particles, organic matter, water and air. It outlines different types of soil such as sandy soil, clay soil, loam soil, and silty soil. Finally, it discusses soilless media and provides examples of organic, inorganic, liquid and synthetic soilless media options.
The document provides information on the key concepts of ecology. It discusses ecology as the study of organisms in relation to their environment, including their relationships with each other and non-living components. Some key abiotic and biotic factors that influence organisms are described. The document also outlines different types of ecosystems and communities, and explains concepts such as niche, population, food webs, trophic levels, and energy flow through ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of soil biodiversity and the roles of different soil organisms. It discusses microorganisms, microfauna, mesofauna, macrofauna and their functions. Key groups include earthworms, termites, ants and their roles in nutrient cycling, soil structure formation, and carbon sequestration. Land use and management practices can positively or negatively impact soil biodiversity. Maintaining soil organic matter and reducing tillage are important for soil health improvement.
This document describes the diversity of organisms found in soil and their roles in the ecosystem. It shows that bacteria are the most abundant, numbering in the tens of billions per gram of soil. Larger organisms like earthworms, beetles and spiders become fewer in number as size increases. All organisms contribute to nutrient cycling through decomposition of organic matter and predation on one another. The document explores key organisms like fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and mites under a microscope to show their forms and functions in soil.
The document defines key terms in ecology, including:
- Ecology as the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment that determine distribution and abundance.
- Ecosystem as a natural unit composed of living and non-living components whose interactions lead to a self-sustaining system.
- Biome as a large region characterized by distinct climate and life forms adapted to it, such as tropical rainforests, savannas, and tundra.
Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. These microorganisms are important because they affect soil structure and fertility through organic matter decomposition, nutrient transformations, and symbiotic relationships with plants. The four major groups of microbes found in soil are bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and algae, each playing an important role in soil health and plant growth.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
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9. The rhizosphere
Plant
Root
• The zone of soil that is
significantly influenced by living
roots
• Usually extends about 2mm out
from the root surface
• The rhizosphere is enriched in
organic material due to root
exudates and sloughed off root
cells.
• Microbial activity in the
rhizosphere may be 2 – 10 greater
than in the bulk soil.
24. Soil is a habitat
Soil particles
Plant roots
Water
Editor's Notes
Specifically we want to look at
The different kinds of organisms that live in our soils
The kinds of functions they perform and how they make a living
How abundant they are
Some examples of how they interact with each other, and finally
How our soil management practices affect soil life
This slide gives you just a small glimpse of the enormous diversity of organisms in the soil.
Soil organisms come in a great variety of sizes.
Macro or large organisms are those with a diameter greater than about 2 mm (1/10 in). They are easily visible to the human eye. Examples would include earthworms, plant roots (yes, plant roots are soil organisms), mice, voles, snakes, beetles, and millipedes to name a few.
Meso are the mid-sized organisms that range from about 2 mm down to 0.2 mm in diameter. These include mites, springtails, and smaller worms. Some of these critters are visible to the naked eye, but many of them are difficult to see without some magnification.
Finally, the micros are the small ones. These are less than 0.2 mm in diameter. In general, these can only be seen using microscopes, though large masses of fungal filaments can sometimes be seen. In fact, some scientists claim a single soil fungus that is spread over many acres in Michigan’s upper peninsula is actually the largest living organism in the world. Most of these organisms are truly miniscule such as the yeasts, actinomycetes, algae, and bacteria. Bacteria, for example, range from 0.5 to 5 um (1/50,000 to 1/5,000 in) in diameter. To put that into perspective, about 4,000 of the smaller bacteria could line up head to tail across the head of a pin. Of course bacteria have neither heads nor tails.
The focus in this program is going to be on the small end of the scale, the organisms we don’t see and often forget about, the microbiology of the soil.
A healthy soil contains a very large number of different kinds of species. Each of these species has a different function in the soil.
These include animals, many of which are very familiar to us because we see them all the time. Among these are:
All the familiar soil-dwelling mammals and snakes. These animals are also near the top of the food chain. They feed on plants and smaller animals.
The arthropods which include spiders, insects, and insect larvae.
The annelids which are all the various types of worms.
The mollusks which include animals such as snails and slugs.
The arthropods, worms, and mollusks are mostly herbivores and detritovores, meaning they feed on plants and parts of dead animals and plants. They perform an important function in the decay process in that they mix these materials into the soil. They also break apart large pieces of material to make them more accessible to other degraders.
And finally, the nematodes.
These are very small roundworms, 4 to 100 um (1/500 in) in diameter and up to a few millimeters in length (1/20 – 1/10 in). We usually hear about nematodes because they can be significant crop pests. Some will pierce the cells of crop roots to feed. This allows other plant pathogens to invade and cause infections that may severely damage or kill the plant.
Most nematodes, however, are beneficial. They feed on insect larvae, fungi, and bacteria, all of which could be plant pathogens. Since bacteria contain more nitrogen than the nematodes can use, their feeding serves to release plant available nitrogen into the soil. Nematode feeding may account for as much as 30-40% of the organic N released in some soils.
Another interesting, almost microscopic soil dwelling animal is the water bear. This water bear should not be confused with…
In addition to adding organic matter to soil, plant roots also have a great influence on the soil biology in the volume of soil immediately adjacent to them. This volume of soil is known as the rhizosphere and usually extends about 2 mm (1/10 in) out from the surface of living roots. Plant roots exude organic materials into this zone as well as dead cells sloughed from the growing roots. These sources of organic carbon greatly increase soil microbial life in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil. The net effect is beneficial for plant growth since the microbial activity tends to increase nutrient and water supply to the root. Rhizosphere activity also appears to increase root soil contact and to lubricate root extension through the soil.
Now lets turn our attention to the smaller and perhaps less familiar soil organisms.
The fungi are another large group of organisms that include yeasts, mildew, molds, and rusts. Although some fungi cause significant crop diseases, many soil fungi play very important functions in overall soil and crop health. The AM fungus shown here is an arbuscular mycorrhizae, a fungus that benefits higher plants. We will talk more about this kind of fungus in a few minutes. Mushrooms are the fruiting structure of some fungi. The beautiful red balls are the fruiting structure of a slime mold. Also shown here is a red yeast.
The fungi are an extremely important group of degraders. They are able to degrade parts of plants and animals that bacteria have a hard time with. Materials like cellulose, starch, and lignin. The fungi are very important in the process of humus formation and in nutrient cycling. The thread-like strands of fungi, called hyphae, also help to stabilize soil structure. Some fungi are predators on other organisms such as nematodes. Many fungi release chemicals into the soil that may be toxic to plants, animals, and bacteria. The first modern antibiotic drug, penicillin, was obtained from the soil fungus, Penicillium.
The protists are a large group of single celled organisms. These organisms are highly mobile and “swim” about in the soil pore water. The protists are mostly predators that feed primarily on bacteria. Consequently they have a large influence on soil bacteria population. This feeding contributes to nutrient cycling by releasing nutrients that were contained in the bacteria. Examples shown here are an amoeba, a ciliate, and a flagellate.
Several soil environmental factors affect the growth and activity of soil microorganisms. Some of these are factors that are altered by soil management.
In general as soil organic matter increases, so too does microbial growth and activity. The type of organic matter will have some effect on the type of microbial community in the soil. The residue of a single crop may be favored by a certain microorganism. In a monoculture of that crop, the favored microorganism will predominate.
Microorganisms are sensitive to oxygen status. Most microbes that are beneficial to crop production are aerobic, or require oxygen. Aerobic organisms will have a hard time thriving in a soil that is frequently flooded.
To thrive, microorganisms require adequate moisture and are most active at temperatures ranging from about 65 – 100 F. If the soil is too dry, too cold or too hot, microbial activity will slow considerably.
Finally soil fertility, especially adequate calcium and near neutral pH will favor growth of most desirable microorganisms.