This document discusses various types of intellectual property protections including patents, copyrights, trademarks, and open source licenses. Patents protect inventions and ideas for a limited time, copyrights protect original creative works, and open source licenses like GPL allow for modification and redistribution of source code with attribution. The document outlines key properties of common licenses including GPL, BSD, MIT, MPL and LGPL and their usage in major software projects.

2. Patent
 There is no universal definition.
 Functional expression of an idea - not
the idea itself.
 It is given by a state for a limited period
of time.
 It restricts other from using the invention
without the permission of patent holder.

3. License
 A license is a kind of a permission.
 Patent holder can grant permission to
use his/her patent by licensing it to
others.
 Software companies/creators license
software to others for using.
 License can cover special agreements
like warranties.

4. Copyright
 Copyright prevents unauthorized copy.
 Authors can protect their writings,
photographers can protect their
photography.
 Software can be copyrighted to prevent
unauthorized copying of software.
 Software in public domain cannot be
copyrighted.

5. Copyleft
 Copyleft license is a copyright license.
 Copyleft enable the user to copy,
distribute and modify the work.
 Modified/derived works should be
distributed with the same terms as the
main work.

6. Some Open Source
Licenses
 GNU GPL
 GNU LGPL
 GNU AGPL
 MIT License
 BSD License
 MPL License

7. GNU GPL
 Written by Richard Stallman
 Free and open-source license
 Copyleft License
 3 versions released
 Many open source software use open
source license
 Most notably, Linux

8. GNU GPL
 GPL addressed two problems in
software freedom.
 First problem and solution
 Software were distributed as binary only, no
one can edit.
 GPLv1 said that the source code must be
available under the same license.

9. GNU GPL (cont.)
 Second problem and solution
 Free software was being combined with
restricted software restricting software
freedom
 GPLv1 said software distributed with GPLv1
licensed software must have the same
permission as GPLv1

10. BSD License
 There are many versions – Modified BSD
License is most common.
 Free and open-source license.
 There are also Original BSD License and
Free BSD License.
 Permissive License - works based on the
material may be released under a
proprietary license or as closed source
software.
 Notable software – NetBSD, FreeBSD

11. MIT License
 MIT License is almost as same as BSD
License.
 Does not contain the term prohibiting the
use of the name of the copyright holder
in promotion of derivative work.
 Notable software – X Windowing
System, Mono Development

12. MPL
 Mozilla Public License
 Most Mozilla Software, Adobe Flex,
Open Solaris use it
 Copyleft License
 It’s licensing is in two parts – initial
author’s right and other people’s rights
 Can be combined with proprietary
software

13. AGPL
 Affero General Public License
 Mainly used for web services or SaaS
model
 Web services under should provide a
link to download the source code

14. LGPL
 LGPL is used for software libraries
 It allows other software to link with the
library
 All other restrictions from GPL are also
in LGPL

15. Creative Commons
Attribution
 Used to share creative works like texts,
photography, etc.
 Version 3 is used in Wikipedia.
 This license allows to share, remix, and
make commercial use of the work
 You must attribute the work in the manner
specified by the author or licensor
 First version didn’t allowed derivative works
and commercial use

16. Reference
 http://dunlapcodding.com/phosita/2009/0
1/what-is-the-difference-between-a-
patent-trademark-and-a-copyright.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/
 http://www.gnu.org/
 http://opensource.org/
 http://creativecommons.org/

17. Thank You
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