This document provides an overview of software design concepts and best practices. It discusses that software design transforms user requirements into a suitable form for programming and implementation. The key aspects covered include architectural design using structural, framework and dynamic models. It also discusses modularization which divides a software system into independent modules. Other design tools discussed are design structure charts, pseudocode, flowcharts, and the importance of low coupling between modules and high cohesion within modules.
Illustrate general good design principles in software engineering such as low coupling, high cohesion, modularity, abstraction, separation of interface and implementation. With examples.
Illustrate general good design principles in software engineering such as low coupling, high cohesion, modularity, abstraction, separation of interface and implementation. With examples.
Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design,Modularization techniquesnimmik4u
Design activity & its objectives – Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design- Modularization techniques - module structure and its representation, interface and information hiding, categories, specific techniques to accommodate change, stepwise refinement, top-down and bottom-up design - Handling anomalies.
Presentation covers all aspects about Software Designing that are followed by Software Engineering Industries. Readers can do detailed study about the Software Design Concepts like (Abstraction, Architecture, Patterns, Modularity, Information Hiding, Refinement, Functional Dependence, Cohesion, Coupling & Refactoring) plus Design Process.
Later then Design Principles are there to understand with Architectural Design, Architectural Styles, Data Centered Architecture, Data Flow Architecture, Call & Return Architecture, Object Oriented Architecture, Layered Architecture with other architectures are named at end of it.
Later then, Component Level Design is discussed. Then after UI Design & Rules of it, UI Design Models, Web Application Design, WebApp Interface Design are discussed at the end.
Comment back if you have any query about it.
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
In the GTU degree engineering, Software engineering is such a subject which is used to explore thinking over designing reliable softwares. In this presentation , Design concepts and principles are mentioned and explained in simplified manner.
Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design,Modularization techniquesnimmik4u
Design activity & its objectives – Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design- Modularization techniques - module structure and its representation, interface and information hiding, categories, specific techniques to accommodate change, stepwise refinement, top-down and bottom-up design - Handling anomalies.
Presentation covers all aspects about Software Designing that are followed by Software Engineering Industries. Readers can do detailed study about the Software Design Concepts like (Abstraction, Architecture, Patterns, Modularity, Information Hiding, Refinement, Functional Dependence, Cohesion, Coupling & Refactoring) plus Design Process.
Later then Design Principles are there to understand with Architectural Design, Architectural Styles, Data Centered Architecture, Data Flow Architecture, Call & Return Architecture, Object Oriented Architecture, Layered Architecture with other architectures are named at end of it.
Later then, Component Level Design is discussed. Then after UI Design & Rules of it, UI Design Models, Web Application Design, WebApp Interface Design are discussed at the end.
Comment back if you have any query about it.
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
In the GTU degree engineering, Software engineering is such a subject which is used to explore thinking over designing reliable softwares. In this presentation , Design concepts and principles are mentioned and explained in simplified manner.
Software design is a critical phase in the development of any software application, playing a pivotal role in its success and long-term sustainability.
for coding and implementation, there is a need of more specific and detailed requirements. The output of this process can directly be used into implementation in programming languages.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
3. Basic Concept of Software Design
What is Software Design?
Software design is a process to transform user requirements into some
suitable form, which helps the programmer in software coding and
implementation.
For assessing user requirements, an SRS (Software Requirement
Specification) document is created whereas for coding and
implementation, there is a need of more specific and detailed
requirements in software terms. The output of this process can directly
be used into implementation in programming languages.
Software design is the first step in SDLC (Software Design Life Cycle),
which moves the concentration from problem domain to solution
domain. It tries to specify how to fulfill the requirements mentioned in
SRS.
5. Why this programmer’s approach?
1. Design is a waste of time
2. We need to show something to the customer
real quick
3. We are judged by the amount of LOC/month
4. We expect or know that the schedule is too tight
7. Architectural Design
“The overall structure of the software and the ways in which that
structure provides conceptual integrity for a system.”
Design can be represented as
Structural Models
Defines the components of a system (e.g., modules, objects, filters) and
How the components are packaged and interact with one another.
Framework Models
Increase level of abstraction
Dynamic Models and Process Models
Predicts behavioral and reliability aspects
Functional Models
Depicts functional Hierarchy.
8. Modularization
Modularization is a technique to divide a software system into
multiple discrete and independent modules, which are expected
to be capable of carrying out task(s) independently. These
modules may work as basic constructs for the entire software.
Designers tend to design modules such that they can be
executed and/or compiled separately and independently.
Modular design unintentionally follows the rules of ‘divide and conquer’
problem-solving strategy this is because there are many other benefits
attached with the modular design of a software.
10. Advantage of modularization:
● Smaller components are easier to maintain
● Program can be divided based on functional aspects
● Desired level of abstraction can be brought in the program
● Components with high cohesion can be re-used again
● Concurrent execution can be made possible
● Desired from security aspect
11. Design Structure Charts
Structure charts are used for procedural
programs. They illustrate structure and
information about a program in a visual format.
● Partition program into named modules
● Top-down hierarchy of modules
● Links between modules
● Flow of data, control or exceptions
12. “Structured Charts are an example of a top-down
design where a problem (the program) is broken into its
components. The tree shows the relationship between
modules, showing data transfer between the models.”
13. Pseudo Code and Flow Chart
● Pseudocode (pronounced SOO-doh-kohd) is a detailed
yet readable description of what a computer program or
algorithm must do, expressed in a formally-styled natural
language rather than in a programming language.
● A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an
algorithm, workflow or process, showing the steps as
boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting
them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation
illustrates a solution model to a given problem.
14. More about Pseudo Code and Flow
Charts.........
DIY(Do It
Yourself).................................................................
................................................................................
...........................................
15. Coupling and Cohesion
When a software program is modularized, its tasks are
divided into several modules based on some
characteristics. As we know, modules are set of
instructions put together in order to achieve some
tasks. They are though, considered as single entity but
may refer to each other to work together. There are
measures by which the quality of a design of modules
and their interaction among them can be measured.
These measures are called coupling and cohesion.
16. Cohesion
Cohesion is a measure that defines the degree of intra-dependability within elements of a
module. The greater the cohesion, the better is the program design.
There are seven types of cohesion, namely –
●
Logical cohesion - When logically categorized elements are put together into a module, it is
called logical cohesion.
●
Temporal Cohesion - When elements of module are organized such that they are processed at
a similar point in time, it is called temporal cohesion.
●
Procedural cohesion - When elements of module are grouped together, which are executed
sequentially in order to perform a task, it is called procedural cohesion.
●
Communicational cohesion - When elements of module are grouped together, which are
executed sequentially and work on same data (information), it is called communicational
cohesion.
●
Sequential cohesion - When elements of module are grouped because the output of one
element serves as input to another and so on, it is called sequential cohesion.
●
Functional cohesion - It is considered to be the highest degree of cohesion, and it is highly
expected. Elements of module in functional cohesion are grouped because they all contribute to
a single well-defined function. It can also be reused.
19. Examples of Cohesion-2
Function A part 1
Function A part 2
Function A part 3
Functional
Sequential with complete, related functions
Function A
Function B
Function C
Communicational
Access same data
Function A
Function B
Function C
Sequential
Output of one is input to another
20. Coupling
Coupling is a measure that defines the level of inter-dependability among
modules of a program. It tells at what level the modules interfere and
interact with each other. The lower the coupling, the better the program.
There are five levels of coupling, namely -
●
Content coupling - When a module can directly access or modify or refer
to the content of another module, it is called content level coupling.
●
Common coupling- When multiple modules have read and write access to
some global data, it is called common or global coupling.
● Control coupling- Two modules are called control-coupled if one of them
decides the function of the other module or changes its flow of execution.
●
Stamp coupling- When multiple modules share common data structure
and work on different part of it, it is called stamp coupling.
● Data coupling- Data coupling is when two modules interact with each other
by means of passing data (as parameter). If a module passes data structure
as parameter, then the receiving module should use all its components.
Ideally, no coupling is considered to be the best.