The document provides an overview of software, defining it as a sequence of instructions for computers to perform specific tasks and categorizing it into system software and application software. It explains the differences between low-level and high-level programming languages, along with the roles of translators that convert source programs into machine-readable object programs. Additionally, it distinguishes between general application software and customized packages tailored to specific organizational needs.

1. Software and its Types
Vatsal Guleria
Class. : IX

2.  The term software is used for a sequence of instructions
given to the computer to perform a specific task.
 The set of instructions that takes data from input
devices, manipulate and process the data, and send it to
an output device is called “software”.
Software:

3.  Programming is the process by which a set of
instructions is written for a computer to perform some
specific activity.
 Programs written in computer are referred to as
“Software”.
Programming:

4.  Flow Chart:
Computer Softwares:
Computer
Software
LANGUAGES
System Software
Application
Software
High Level Low Level
Operating
System Translators
Application
Packages
Customized
Packages

5.  Low level Languages: Low level computer languages are machine codes or
close to it.
 For example: 0 and 1
 Low level languages are further divided in to;
o 1) Machine Language: It expresses instructions in the binary codes of
computer i:e 0 and 1.
o 2) Assembly Language: It utilizes symbols to represent operation codes
and storage locations, also called symbolic language. It is alphanumeric
language known as “mnemonic codes”.
o Example: ADD for Addition, SUB for subtraction, start label etc.
Computer Languages:

6.  Very close to English Language.
 They are basically symbolic languages which use English
words and mathematical symbols rather than mnemonic
codes.
 Each instruction in this language is translated into many
machine language instructions.
 Example: PL/1 (Programming language, version 1), C
Language, GPSS etc
High Level Languages:

7.  Programs which hold instructions related with the working of
hardware and software of the computer system.
 The set of programs which increase the capabilities of the
system and to make the use of computer more effective.
 They are also called “Firmware”.
 Further divided into two categories.
System Software:

8.  A set of programs which coordinate and control
computer operations.
 They provide communication between the user and
the computer hardware.
 Main functions of OS are :
 Job control
 Memory management
 Supervisor
 Multiprogramming
 Produce error messages
1)Operating Systems(OS):

9.  Before defining translators, the following terms must be
defined:
a. Source Program: A program written in non-machine
language. For example, a program written in assembly or
high level language like FORTAN, COBOL etc is source
program.
b. Object Program: The source program is translated
into machine language. The translated program is called
Object Program.
2) TRANSLATORS:

10.  The translation process is pictorially represented as
follow:
 According to this diagram, translators are programs which convert
instructions in assembly or high level languages because computer
can only understand machine language.
Translation Process:
SOURCE
PROGRAM
TRANSLATOR
OBJECT
PROGRAM

11.  They are also known as “packages”.
 They help the users to require their required outputs.
 These are the software developed by experts in
high/low level languages for non-experts.
o There are two types of Application software/packages:
I. Application software/packages
II. Customized Packages
APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

12.  The general programs in the market developed by
famous software development companies are known
as Application Programs. E.g.
 Word processors: word star, MS-word etc.
 Games: IGI, Chicken invaders, FIFA
 Spread sheets; Lotus, Excel etc
 Graphics: Haward Graphics, Instant Artist.
 Educational: Medicine, Commerce, Archeology etc.
I) Application software:

13.  These are developed according to the needs of an
organization.
 The program can be developed by a single
programmer or by a team of programmers
depending upon the requirements. E.g.
Programming for:-
• Banking
• Accounts
• Industries
• Stock and sales etc.
ii) Customized Software/Packages: