The document discusses various concepts related to software including:
1. It defines software and distinguishes between system software and application software. System software manages computer resources while application software is for specific tasks.
2. The basic components of system software are described including operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. Operating systems schedule events, allocate resources, and monitor activities.
3. The capabilities of operating systems that allow for multiprogramming, virtual storage, time sharing, and multiprocessing are outlined, enabling more efficient use of computer systems.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming, covering topics such as hardware/software interfaces, computer languages, compilation, and interpretation. It describes the layered structure of a computer system from the machine level through operating systems and applications. Programming languages are discussed from machine language through assembly and high-level languages. The roles of compilers, linkers, and interpreters in translating between languages are summarized. Common programming errors like syntax, runtime, and logical errors are also briefly outlined.
Computer programming allows people to write source code that can be interpreted or compiled by computers to perform useful tasks. It makes using computers easier for people without technical expertise through programs that teach how to use different parts of computers. Examples of computer programs include programming languages, application software, utility programs, entertainment software, and system software.
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
1) Introduction to Computer Programming.
2) Computer, Hierarchy of Computer, Compiler.
3) Interpreter, High level language, Features of C language.
Program
Software
Compiler
Interpreter
Modular programming/Structured Programming
Non structured programming
Need of Programming language
Difference between structured and object oriented programming
Advantages of object oriented programming
The document provides an overview of compiler design and the various phases involved in compiling a program from a high-level language to machine code. It describes the six main phases as lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation. It explains the functions of each phase and how the output of one phase feeds into the next until an optimized machine code is produced for execution.
JIMS is one of the best BCA colleges in Delhi NCR. The Curriculum they provide to the BCA students is well updated. So many activities are for BCA students like Guest Lectures from the IT Experts, Workshops, IT Activities, Annual IT Events, Emphasise on Research work and project Work. In this pdf, Dr. Arpana talks about various types of Programming Languages a BCA student should be aware of different Languages.
This document discusses computer languages and language translators. It describes:
1) Two types of computer languages - low-level languages like machine code and assembly, and high-level languages like C++ and Java. Low-level languages are directly understood by computers while high-level languages are easier for humans.
2) Three generations of languages - first generation used only 1s and 0s, second used assembly, and third introduced high-level languages.
3) Three main types of language translators - compilers which translate programs into executable object code, interpreters which translate line-by-line, and assemblers which translate assembly code into machine code through a one-to-one mapping process.
Computer Science / ICT - Software
Software is key in computer systems and i have put together a presentation to explain the different types such as system software (utility and library programs) and application software (bespoke, special purpose and general purpose). - operating systems are mentioned but there is another presentation based on that.
This document provides an introduction to computer programming, covering topics such as hardware/software interfaces, computer languages, compilation, and interpretation. It describes the layered structure of a computer system from the machine level through operating systems and applications. Programming languages are discussed from machine language through assembly and high-level languages. The roles of compilers, linkers, and interpreters in translating between languages are summarized. Common programming errors like syntax, runtime, and logical errors are also briefly outlined.
Computer programming allows people to write source code that can be interpreted or compiled by computers to perform useful tasks. It makes using computers easier for people without technical expertise through programs that teach how to use different parts of computers. Examples of computer programs include programming languages, application software, utility programs, entertainment software, and system software.
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
1) Introduction to Computer Programming.
2) Computer, Hierarchy of Computer, Compiler.
3) Interpreter, High level language, Features of C language.
Program
Software
Compiler
Interpreter
Modular programming/Structured Programming
Non structured programming
Need of Programming language
Difference between structured and object oriented programming
Advantages of object oriented programming
The document provides an overview of compiler design and the various phases involved in compiling a program from a high-level language to machine code. It describes the six main phases as lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation. It explains the functions of each phase and how the output of one phase feeds into the next until an optimized machine code is produced for execution.
JIMS is one of the best BCA colleges in Delhi NCR. The Curriculum they provide to the BCA students is well updated. So many activities are for BCA students like Guest Lectures from the IT Experts, Workshops, IT Activities, Annual IT Events, Emphasise on Research work and project Work. In this pdf, Dr. Arpana talks about various types of Programming Languages a BCA student should be aware of different Languages.
This document discusses computer languages and language translators. It describes:
1) Two types of computer languages - low-level languages like machine code and assembly, and high-level languages like C++ and Java. Low-level languages are directly understood by computers while high-level languages are easier for humans.
2) Three generations of languages - first generation used only 1s and 0s, second used assembly, and third introduced high-level languages.
3) Three main types of language translators - compilers which translate programs into executable object code, interpreters which translate line-by-line, and assemblers which translate assembly code into machine code through a one-to-one mapping process.
Computer Science / ICT - Software
Software is key in computer systems and i have put together a presentation to explain the different types such as system software (utility and library programs) and application software (bespoke, special purpose and general purpose). - operating systems are mentioned but there is another presentation based on that.
The document discusses programming languages and their importance. It covers the following key points:
- A programming language allows computation to be described in both machine-readable and human-readable form. Most languages today are high-level languages.
- Studying programming languages improves one's ability to choose the right language for a task, learn new languages, and better understand how language features are implemented.
- Major programming domains include scientific, business, artificial intelligence, systems, and web applications. Each domain utilizes languages suited to its particular needs and purposes.
This document discusses computer programming languages and number systems. It begins by defining programming languages and categorizing them into machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. It then covers number systems used in computers like binary, octal, hexadecimal, and decimal. Binary arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are explained. Negative numbers in binary are also discussed.
This document provides an introduction and overview of programming languages. It discusses the different types of programming languages including machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages. It also outlines the components of programming languages, such as syntax and semantics. Finally, it categorizes programming languages into structured programming languages, modular programming languages, and object-oriented programming languages.
The document discusses key concepts related to computer programming including defining a computer, program, software, compiler, interpreter, and high-level programming languages. It also covers features of the C programming language such as it being compact, fast, powerful, and widely accepted. Recommended books on C programming are also listed.
The document discusses computer programming and provides details about:
- The process of programming which involves analysis, algorithm development, coding, and testing
- Common programming languages like C, C++, Java, and Python
- The roles of programmers and the different phases of programming like planning, coding, testing, and documentation
- Key aspects of programming like reliability, robustness, usability, portability, and maintainability
The document discusses different types of programming languages and software. It describes low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages used for scientific and business applications. It also defines algorithms, flowcharts, compilers, interpreters, and system and application software.
The document discusses computer languages and programming. It describes three categories of programming languages: machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages. It also discusses common programming language tools like assemblers, compilers, linkers, and interpreters. Popular programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C, C++, C#, Java, RPG, LISP and SNOBOL are also mentioned. The key characteristics and uses of machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages, compilers, linkers and interpreters are summarized.
This document discusses programming languages and the translation process between high-level and low-level languages. It explains that all computer programs must ultimately be translated to binary machine code for the computer to understand. There are high-level languages that are easier for programmers but require translation, low-level assembly languages that are closer to machine code, and machine code itself which requires no translation. It describes the roles of compilers, interpreters, and assemblers in translating between these levels, and the differences between them such as how compilers translate entire programs at once while interpreters translate incrementally.
An interpreter is a program that directly executes instructions from a source program line-by-line. It translates each line of code into an intermediate form before executing it, rather than translating the whole program at once like a compiler. Interpreted languages execute more slowly than compiled languages since each line must be translated individually, but they allow for faster development and testing of programs. There are different types of interpreters that use various techniques for translating and executing code.
The document discusses the differences between low-level machine code used by CPUs and high-level computer languages used by programmers. It explains that programmers write source code in high-level languages, which are then compiled into machine code through a compiler or interpreted line-by-line using an interpreter. Compiled code tends to run faster while interpreted languages typically have more programmer-friendly features. Modern dynamic languages often use a just-in-time compiler to bridge performance gaps.
The document discusses various tools and peripherals used in embedded systems development. It describes compilers which translate high-level code to machine code, cross-compilers which target different systems, and decompilers which translate in the reverse direction. It also covers assemblers, simulators for testing code, microcontroller starter kits, emulators, and debugging tools. Finally, it lists various peripherals used in embedded systems and criteria for choosing microcontrollers.
THIS PPT CONTAINS THE DETAILS ABOUT THE VARIOUS LANGUAGE PROCESSORS/LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS- THE COMPILER & THE INTERPRETER, OPERATING SYSTEMS & ITS FUNCTION, PARALLEL & CLOUD COMPUTING
This document compares compiled and interpreted programming languages. Compiled languages like C and C++ are converted to machine code by a compiler before execution, making them faster but slower to develop. Interpreted languages like Python and BASIC are executed line by line by an interpreter, making them slower but faster to develop and edit. The document provides examples and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
This document provides an overview of programming paradigms and languages. It discusses batch programs which run without user interaction and process input data. It also discusses event-driven programs which respond to events like user clicks or system updates. The document lists many programming languages throughout history from machine language to modern languages like Java and C#. It defines programming languages and describes low-level languages that are close to machine code and high-level languages that are more human-readable. It also discusses language translators like compilers, interpreters, and assemblers that convert languages to machine code.
There are different types of computer languages, including high-level and low-level languages. High-level languages like Pascal, Ada, Logo, and FORTRAN are easily understood by humans but must be translated before the computer can understand them. Low-level languages like assembler and machine code are understood directly by computers but are difficult for humans to read. Translators like interpreters and compilers are used to translate high-level languages into low-level languages understood by computers. Interpreters translate programs line-by-line while compilers translate the entire program at once.
This document provides an overview of compiler design. It describes the different phases of a compiler including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and code generation. It also discusses compiler architecture and the various components involved in translating a high-level language to machine-executable code like the preprocessor, parser, code generator and linker. The intended audience are students interested in learning the basic principles of compilers.
Computer Science - Programming Languages / Translators
This presentation explains the different types of translators and languages of programming such as assembler, compiler, interpreter, bytecode
Problem Solving and Program Design in C_1.pdfjlu08167
This document provides an overview of different types of computer software:
- System software includes operating systems, language processors like compilers and interpreters, and device drivers. It acts as an interface between hardware and application software.
- Application software is specialized to perform specific tasks like word processing, spreadsheet calculations, database management, presentations, etc.
- Utility software assists system software and users by performing supportive tasks like antivirus scanning, backup, file management, etc.
Secondary storage is used for noncritical data that does not need to be accessed as frequently as data in primary storage. It uses economical, lower performing storage devices that are better suited for long-term storage. Data can be migrated from primary to secondary storage to free up space and improve performance on primary devices, while lowering overall storage costs. Organizations typically use secondary storage for backup, disaster recovery, archival data, or noncritical active data.
The document discusses programming languages and their importance. It covers the following key points:
- A programming language allows computation to be described in both machine-readable and human-readable form. Most languages today are high-level languages.
- Studying programming languages improves one's ability to choose the right language for a task, learn new languages, and better understand how language features are implemented.
- Major programming domains include scientific, business, artificial intelligence, systems, and web applications. Each domain utilizes languages suited to its particular needs and purposes.
This document discusses computer programming languages and number systems. It begins by defining programming languages and categorizing them into machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. It then covers number systems used in computers like binary, octal, hexadecimal, and decimal. Binary arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are explained. Negative numbers in binary are also discussed.
This document provides an introduction and overview of programming languages. It discusses the different types of programming languages including machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages. It also outlines the components of programming languages, such as syntax and semantics. Finally, it categorizes programming languages into structured programming languages, modular programming languages, and object-oriented programming languages.
The document discusses key concepts related to computer programming including defining a computer, program, software, compiler, interpreter, and high-level programming languages. It also covers features of the C programming language such as it being compact, fast, powerful, and widely accepted. Recommended books on C programming are also listed.
The document discusses computer programming and provides details about:
- The process of programming which involves analysis, algorithm development, coding, and testing
- Common programming languages like C, C++, Java, and Python
- The roles of programmers and the different phases of programming like planning, coding, testing, and documentation
- Key aspects of programming like reliability, robustness, usability, portability, and maintainability
The document discusses different types of programming languages and software. It describes low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages used for scientific and business applications. It also defines algorithms, flowcharts, compilers, interpreters, and system and application software.
The document discusses computer languages and programming. It describes three categories of programming languages: machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages. It also discusses common programming language tools like assemblers, compilers, linkers, and interpreters. Popular programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C, C++, C#, Java, RPG, LISP and SNOBOL are also mentioned. The key characteristics and uses of machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages, compilers, linkers and interpreters are summarized.
This document discusses programming languages and the translation process between high-level and low-level languages. It explains that all computer programs must ultimately be translated to binary machine code for the computer to understand. There are high-level languages that are easier for programmers but require translation, low-level assembly languages that are closer to machine code, and machine code itself which requires no translation. It describes the roles of compilers, interpreters, and assemblers in translating between these levels, and the differences between them such as how compilers translate entire programs at once while interpreters translate incrementally.
An interpreter is a program that directly executes instructions from a source program line-by-line. It translates each line of code into an intermediate form before executing it, rather than translating the whole program at once like a compiler. Interpreted languages execute more slowly than compiled languages since each line must be translated individually, but they allow for faster development and testing of programs. There are different types of interpreters that use various techniques for translating and executing code.
The document discusses the differences between low-level machine code used by CPUs and high-level computer languages used by programmers. It explains that programmers write source code in high-level languages, which are then compiled into machine code through a compiler or interpreted line-by-line using an interpreter. Compiled code tends to run faster while interpreted languages typically have more programmer-friendly features. Modern dynamic languages often use a just-in-time compiler to bridge performance gaps.
The document discusses various tools and peripherals used in embedded systems development. It describes compilers which translate high-level code to machine code, cross-compilers which target different systems, and decompilers which translate in the reverse direction. It also covers assemblers, simulators for testing code, microcontroller starter kits, emulators, and debugging tools. Finally, it lists various peripherals used in embedded systems and criteria for choosing microcontrollers.
THIS PPT CONTAINS THE DETAILS ABOUT THE VARIOUS LANGUAGE PROCESSORS/LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS- THE COMPILER & THE INTERPRETER, OPERATING SYSTEMS & ITS FUNCTION, PARALLEL & CLOUD COMPUTING
This document compares compiled and interpreted programming languages. Compiled languages like C and C++ are converted to machine code by a compiler before execution, making them faster but slower to develop. Interpreted languages like Python and BASIC are executed line by line by an interpreter, making them slower but faster to develop and edit. The document provides examples and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
This document provides an overview of programming paradigms and languages. It discusses batch programs which run without user interaction and process input data. It also discusses event-driven programs which respond to events like user clicks or system updates. The document lists many programming languages throughout history from machine language to modern languages like Java and C#. It defines programming languages and describes low-level languages that are close to machine code and high-level languages that are more human-readable. It also discusses language translators like compilers, interpreters, and assemblers that convert languages to machine code.
There are different types of computer languages, including high-level and low-level languages. High-level languages like Pascal, Ada, Logo, and FORTRAN are easily understood by humans but must be translated before the computer can understand them. Low-level languages like assembler and machine code are understood directly by computers but are difficult for humans to read. Translators like interpreters and compilers are used to translate high-level languages into low-level languages understood by computers. Interpreters translate programs line-by-line while compilers translate the entire program at once.
This document provides an overview of compiler design. It describes the different phases of a compiler including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and code generation. It also discusses compiler architecture and the various components involved in translating a high-level language to machine-executable code like the preprocessor, parser, code generator and linker. The intended audience are students interested in learning the basic principles of compilers.
Computer Science - Programming Languages / Translators
This presentation explains the different types of translators and languages of programming such as assembler, compiler, interpreter, bytecode
Problem Solving and Program Design in C_1.pdfjlu08167
This document provides an overview of different types of computer software:
- System software includes operating systems, language processors like compilers and interpreters, and device drivers. It acts as an interface between hardware and application software.
- Application software is specialized to perform specific tasks like word processing, spreadsheet calculations, database management, presentations, etc.
- Utility software assists system software and users by performing supportive tasks like antivirus scanning, backup, file management, etc.
Secondary storage is used for noncritical data that does not need to be accessed as frequently as data in primary storage. It uses economical, lower performing storage devices that are better suited for long-term storage. Data can be migrated from primary to secondary storage to free up space and improve performance on primary devices, while lowering overall storage costs. Organizations typically use secondary storage for backup, disaster recovery, archival data, or noncritical active data.
The document provides information on different types of computer software and programming concepts. It discusses system software and application software, giving examples of each. It also covers programming languages from machine language to assembly language to high-level languages. Other topics summarized include algorithms, flowcharts, pseudocode, decision tables, operating systems, and functions of an operating system.
This document discusses programming language paradigms and design issues. It covers why programming languages are studied, including to improve algorithms, use existing languages more efficiently, choose the best language for a project, and more easily learn new languages. It then defines what a programming language is and discusses imperative, applicative, rule-based, and object-oriented paradigms. The document also addresses language standardization, internationalization, programming environments, effects on language design like separate compilation and testing support, and environment frameworks.
The document provides an overview of programming languages and the program development life cycle (PDLC). It discusses several types of programming languages including machine/assembly languages, algorithmic languages, business-oriented languages, education-oriented languages, and object-oriented languages. It also describes the six main steps of the PDLC: defining the problem, designing the program, coding the program, testing and debugging the program, documenting the program, and deploying and maintaining the program.
This document defines and classifies different types of software. It discusses that software includes programs, applications and scripts that run on computers. It distinguishes system software, which runs computer hardware and other programs, from application software, which are general purpose programs written for specific tasks. System software is further divided into operating systems, system utilities and language processors. Operating systems manage computer operations and resources. System utilities include editors, loaders, linkers and debuggers that assist programming. Language processors translate programs into machine code.
system software and application software, compiler, interpreter & assemblerchetan birla
The document discusses system software and application software. It defines system software as programs that directly interact with computer hardware to control and manage system resources, including operating systems, drivers, and development programs. Application software are programs designed for specific tasks like word processing, games, and business software. Common examples of both system and application software are provided. Compiler, interpreter, and assembler are also discussed as different types of language translators that convert source code into executable programs.
software development and programming languages PraShant Kumar
This document provides an introduction to software development and programming languages. It discusses what software is, different types of software including system software and application software. It also describes various software development process models, focusing on the waterfall model. The waterfall model consists of analysis, design, coding, and testing phases. Finally, it discusses some programming language concepts and mentions that compilers are important for programming languages.
This document discusses computer software and its types. It defines software as a collection of instructions that tell a computer how to work, in contrast to hardware which physically performs the work. There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software includes operating systems, utility programs, and device drivers which interface between hardware and users and enable application programs. Application software solves specific problems and can be proprietary, off-the-shelf, or custom-built for a specific purpose. Examples are provided for each software type.
This document provides an overview of different types of software, including system software and application software. It defines software and describes system software such as operating systems, device drivers, firmware, translators, and utility software. It also defines application software and describes types including commercial software, customized software, and freeware. Specific examples are provided for each type of software discussed.
Detailed presentation on the topic of Classification of software. Submitted to EIILM Kolkata for the partial fulfillment of MBA Degree on 1st Semester.
Computer Hardware And Software Types, Functions, Difference between Hardware ...sunil shukla
Computer Software
We are already aware that computers need instructions to carry out the tasks, and they cannot perform themselves without any instructions.
When instructions are given to computers in a manner that computers can understand them and execute those instructions accordingly.
Such instructions to carry out certain tasks or tasks that are predesigned when made available in a computer-readable format are called programs. Such programs are called computer software.
This software can be stored in secondary storage devices such as (hard disks, cd-rom, etc) and make use of them as and when required.
Software is a set of programs that can be stored on a medium that is used to get the job done.
It plays an important and crucial role in all computer systems by creating a connection or bridge between the user and computer hardware.
The software needs to be checked before being used. There are some terms that are used for the process of accessing software including starting, executing, running, opening, and others.
Computer Hardware
Let’s understand this in easy language, Hardware is the physical and touchable parts of a computer means you can touch those components.
Internal hardware parts of a computer are known as components and external hardware parts of a computer are called peripherals both of them are known as computer hardware.
In both PCs or desktop computers, the components of hardware are the same but there is a big difference in the size of the hardware.
Computers can only operate or start when both software and hardware are present and work together in the system, there is no chance to start a computer only with software or hardware.
You can enter the operating system by using operating software where hardware helps the operating software to perform fast and easily.
1. Computer software refers to programs that run on computers and includes system software like operating systems and utility programs, as well as application software for tasks like word processing.
2. Operating systems control the computer hardware and link users to applications, allowing functions like multitasking. Common operating systems include Windows and Linux.
3. There are different types of software like general purpose applications for many tasks, integrated packages that combine applications, and specialist or tailor-made software for specific needs.
This document provides an introduction to programming languages and Python. It discusses what a program is, different categories of software, and types of programming languages including machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. It also covers programming paradigms like imperative, logical, functional, and object-oriented. The document outlines the software development life cycle and describes key areas where Python is commonly used like academia, scientific tools, machine learning, and web development.
The document discusses computer programming and provides details about:
- The process of programming which involves analysis, algorithm development, coding, and testing
- Common programming languages like C, C++, Java, and Python
- The roles of programmers and the different phases of programming like planning, coding, testing, and documentation
- Key aspects of programming like reliability, robustness, usability, portability, and maintainability
This document discusses the differences between hardware, system software, and application software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer, while software refers to computer programs. System software includes operating systems, drivers, and utilities that manage computer hardware and provide a platform for running other programs. Application software are programs designed for specific tasks like word processing, games, or web browsing. Examples of each type of software are provided.
Computer programming involves writing instructions for a computer in a specific programming language. It is the process of creating computer software. There are many programming languages that are used for different purposes. Programming languages have evolved from low-level machine languages that are difficult for humans to read to high-level languages that are easier to use. High-level languages must be translated into machine code before a computer can execute them. Computer programs use logic, variables, and other programming elements to perform tasks. Programming provides benefits such as meeting demand for software and developing important job skills.
Computer programming involves writing instructions for a computer in a particular programming language. It is done by writing source code which is then translated by compilers, interpreters or assemblers into object code that computers can understand. There are many programming languages at different levels, with high-level languages being easier for humans but slower for computers compared to machine-level languages. Popular high-level languages include Java, Python and C++, which allow programmers to focus on solving problems without worrying about the specific computer hardware.
Computer programming involves writing instructions for a computer in a programming language. It is done through programming languages that have specific syntax and keywords. There are low-level languages like machine code and assembly that are closer to what computers can understand directly, and high-level languages that are easier for humans like Python and Java but need to be compiled into machine code. Programs are made up of objects, variables, operations and control flow statements. Programming provides benefits like developing problem-solving skills and is a lucrative career.
Similar to MIS software concepts, Dr. Ashish K. Gupta (20)
FIA officials brutally tortured innocent and snatched 200 Bitcoins of worth 4...jamalseoexpert1978
Farman Ayaz Khattak and Ehtesham Matloob are government officials in CTW Counter terrorism wing Islamabad, in Federal Investigation Agency FIA Headquarters. CTW and FIA kidnapped crypto currency owner from Islamabad and snatched 200 Bitcoins those worth of 4 billion rupees in Pakistan currency. There is not Cryptocurrency Regulations in Pakistan & CTW is official dacoit and stealing digital assets from the innocent crypto holders and making fake cases of terrorism to keep them silent.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
Learn how to use Binance Savings to expand your bitcoin holdings. Discover how to maximize your earnings on one of the most reliable cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as how to earn interest on your cryptocurrency holdings and the various savings choices available.
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
1. Software Concepts
Dr. Ashish K. GuptaDr. Ashish K. Gupta
MBBS, MS-Surgery, PGDHHM, MBA-HCA (FMS) Gold
Medalist, MAHA, PG in Quality Management & AHO,
Consultant Surgeon, Hospital Consultant,
NABH-Assessor, CMD Blue Ocean Consultants
Director Programs AHA
2. Study Objectives:
1. What is Software?
2. Software Program
3. The History of Software
4. Software Categories
A. System &
B. application Software
C. Language Translators
5. Hardware- Software Relationship
6. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
7. Basic Components of
System Software
A. Operating systems:
B. Device drivers
C. Utility programs
8. OS Capabilities
A. Multi-programming
B. Virtual Storage
C. Time Sharing
D. Multi- processing
9. Utilities
10. Other software
(Study Duration= 1 Hour)
1. What is Software?
2. Software Program
3. The History of Software
4. Software Categories
A. System &
B. application Software
C. Language Translators
5. Hardware- Software Relationship
6. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
7. Basic Components of
System Software
A. Operating systems:
B. Device drivers
C. Utility programs
8. OS Capabilities
A. Multi-programming
B. Virtual Storage
C. Time Sharing
D. Multi- processing
9. Utilities
10. Other software
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
2
3. What is Software?What is Software?
• Hardware is essential but by itself it is not sufficient to be of
any practical use
• To play a useful role in the firm’s information technology
infrastructure, computer hardware requires computer
software
• We can only feel but neither see or touch it
• Computer Software is defined as the detailed instructions
that control the operations of a computer system
• Any software is essentially a set of instructions that the
hardware can understand & execute
• Selecting appropriate software for the organization is a key
management decision
• Hardware is essential but by itself it is not sufficient to be of
any practical use
• To play a useful role in the firm’s information technology
infrastructure, computer hardware requires computer
software
• We can only feel but neither see or touch it
• Computer Software is defined as the detailed instructions
that control the operations of a computer system
• Any software is essentially a set of instructions that the
hardware can understand & execute
• Selecting appropriate software for the organization is a key
management decision
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
3
4. Software ProgramSoftware Program
• A software program is a
series of statements or
instructions to the computer
• It is the ‘LIFE’ of a computer
• The process of writing or
coding programs is termed
Programming
• Individuals who specialize in
this task are called
Programmers
• A software program is a
series of statements or
instructions to the computer
• It is the ‘LIFE’ of a computer
• The process of writing or
coding programs is termed
Programming
• Individuals who specialize in
this task are called
Programmers
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
4
5. The History of SoftwareThe History of Software
• Software is the element that drives the hardware to perform
specific tasks for the user
• In infancy of computers there was a time when the entire
wiring of the computer was done in such a way as to
represent a series of instructions. Such computers were KA
‘Hardwired’, as the set of instructions was wired in the
hardware itself
• Such systems were dedicated & had a very narrow scope of
usage
• As the complexity & size of instructions increased, to do the
same hardware do more, there was a need to provide
enough storage to it, therefore instructions had to move out
to high capacity storage devices like floppies, hard disks & CDs
• Software is the element that drives the hardware to perform
specific tasks for the user
• In infancy of computers there was a time when the entire
wiring of the computer was done in such a way as to
represent a series of instructions. Such computers were KA
‘Hardwired’, as the set of instructions was wired in the
hardware itself
• Such systems were dedicated & had a very narrow scope of
usage
• As the complexity & size of instructions increased, to do the
same hardware do more, there was a need to provide
enough storage to it, therefore instructions had to move out
to high capacity storage devices like floppies, hard disks & CDs
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
5
6. • The users of computer
systems today never
interact with the hardware
directly
• They interact with the
hardware through the
software
• Software is the
intermediary, an
interpreter, through which
we communicate with the
hardware-the machine
• The users of computer
systems today never
interact with the hardware
directly
• They interact with the
hardware through the
software
• Software is the
intermediary, an
interpreter, through which
we communicate with the
hardware-the machine
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
6
8. System & Application SoftwareSystem & Application Software
DefinedDefined
• System Software: Is a set of generalized programs that
manage the computer’s resources, such as central processor,
communication links & peripheral devices
– Only handful of systems software are available
– Programmers who write system software are KA System
Programmers
• Application Software: Describes the programs that are
written for or by the users to apply the computer to a specific
task. E.g. Software for processing an order or generating a
mailing list
– Hundreds of application software packages are available
– Programmers who write application software are KA
Application Programmers
• System Software: Is a set of generalized programs that
manage the computer’s resources, such as central processor,
communication links & peripheral devices
– Only handful of systems software are available
– Programmers who write system software are KA System
Programmers
• Application Software: Describes the programs that are
written for or by the users to apply the computer to a specific
task. E.g. Software for processing an order or generating a
mailing list
– Hundreds of application software packages are available
– Programmers who write application software are KA
Application Programmers
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
8
9. Language TranslatorsLanguage Translators
• A type of system software. They act as:
– Interpreters (compiles likewise) It is a translator that
interprets statement by statement, any program written in
high language. Very useful for programming as it checks for
error statement by statement in an interactive mode
– Compilers (compiles program-wise) It reads the entire
program written in high language & converts it to machine
language codes
– Assemblers (converts semi-machine language, macro
instructions to machine language)
• They convert programming languages into machine language
that can be understood by the computer & utility programs that
perform common processing tasks
• A type of system software. They act as:
– Interpreters (compiles likewise) It is a translator that
interprets statement by statement, any program written in
high language. Very useful for programming as it checks for
error statement by statement in an interactive mode
– Compilers (compiles program-wise) It reads the entire
program written in high language & converts it to machine
language codes
– Assemblers (converts semi-machine language, macro
instructions to machine language)
• They convert programming languages into machine language
that can be understood by the computer & utility programs that
perform common processing tasks
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
9
10. Language TranslatorsLanguage Translators
• The most elemental form of programming uses only binary
digits 0, 1 which is directly understood by the electronic circuits.
A programme written using only binary digits is called a
Machine Language Programme
• Assembly language provides a significant improvement over
machine language. These are written using mnemonic codes
like ADD, STORE etc. rather than machine language, making
programming easier. However it needs to be translated into
machine language codes. This translation is done by assemblers
• Both machine language & assembly language programme is
machine dependent i.e. program written for one machine
cannot be used in another machine
• The most elemental form of programming uses only binary
digits 0, 1 which is directly understood by the electronic circuits.
A programme written using only binary digits is called a
Machine Language Programme
• Assembly language provides a significant improvement over
machine language. These are written using mnemonic codes
like ADD, STORE etc. rather than machine language, making
programming easier. However it needs to be translated into
machine language codes. This translation is done by assemblers
• Both machine language & assembly language programme is
machine dependent i.e. program written for one machine
cannot be used in another machine
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
10
11. Language TranslatorsLanguage Translators
• High Level Languages that are close to English overcame the
drawback of machine dependence.
• These are FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, COBOL etc.
• These languages relieve a programmer from being machine
specific
• However a programme written in a high level language needs
to be translated into machine language codes before
execution. This is done through compilers or through
interpreters
• High Level Languages that are close to English overcame the
drawback of machine dependence.
• These are FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, COBOL etc.
• These languages relieve a programmer from being machine
specific
• However a programme written in a high level language needs
to be translated into machine language codes before
execution. This is done through compilers or through
interpreters
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
11
12. HardwareHardware-- Software RelationshipSoftware Relationship
System Software
Application Software
Users Application Software:
•Programming languages
•Assembly language
FORTRAN; COBOL;
BASIC; PASCAL; C
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
12
SHardware
14. • System software which we
find already installed if we
buy a new computer,
enables the application
software to interact with
the computer & helps the
computer manage its
internal & external
resources
• System software which we
find already installed if we
buy a new computer,
enables the application
software to interact with
the computer & helps the
computer manage its
internal & external
resources
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
14
15. Basic Components of SystemBasic Components of System
SoftwareSoftware
1. Operating systems: is the principle component of system
software in any computing system. It:
a) Schedules computer events
b) Allocates computer resources, including disk space,
memory, CPU time allocation & peripheral devices
c) Monitors events & system activities
2. Device drivers: help the computer control peripheral devices
3. Utility programs: are generally used to support, enhance or
expand existing programs in a computer system
4. Special Purpose Software
1. Operating systems: is the principle component of system
software in any computing system. It:
a) Schedules computer events
b) Allocates computer resources, including disk space,
memory, CPU time allocation & peripheral devices
c) Monitors events & system activities
2. Device drivers: help the computer control peripheral devices
3. Utility programs: are generally used to support, enhance or
expand existing programs in a computer system
4. Special Purpose Software
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
15
16. 1. Operating System (OS)1. Operating System (OS)
• An OS is the most important system software & is required to
operate a computer system
• OS became a part of computer software with the second
generation computers. Advancements in computer hardware
have also contributed to more efficient operating systems
• First OS was called Batch Processing (serial) OS was
developed for second generation computers. The OS executes
the jobs serially one after the other from a batch of jobs
submitted. The CPU is kept busy only during the processing
cycle of a lob & it idles during the input & output operations
• An OS is the most important system software & is required to
operate a computer system
• OS became a part of computer software with the second
generation computers. Advancements in computer hardware
have also contributed to more efficient operating systems
• First OS was called Batch Processing (serial) OS was
developed for second generation computers. The OS executes
the jobs serially one after the other from a batch of jobs
submitted. The CPU is kept busy only during the processing
cycle of a lob & it idles during the input & output operations
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
16
17. 1. Operating System (OS)1. Operating System (OS)
• This drawback or idling the CPU was overcome by the
introduction of overlap processing
• Similar consideration gave rise to the concept of multi-
programming, that handles multiple jobs simultaneously by
overlapping the input, output & processing cycles of various
jobs
• This OS was introduced along with Third generation
computers & is still popular. It has replaced earlier batch
processing OS
• Multi-programming OS is more complex & requires more
powerful hardware to support it
• This drawback or idling the CPU was overcome by the
introduction of overlap processing
• Similar consideration gave rise to the concept of multi-
programming, that handles multiple jobs simultaneously by
overlapping the input, output & processing cycles of various
jobs
• This OS was introduced along with Third generation
computers & is still popular. It has replaced earlier batch
processing OS
• Multi-programming OS is more complex & requires more
powerful hardware to support it
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
17
18. 1. Operating System (OS)1. Operating System (OS)
• Other OSs that are popular today are:
– Multi-processing OSs: Here system uses multiple CPUs to process
multiple jobs
– Real Time OSs: This system is a very different type of OS as it is used
for different type of applications i.e. real time applications like railway
reservations, process control etc.
• Other OSs that are popular today are:
– Multi-processing OSs: Here system uses multiple CPUs to process
multiple jobs
– Real Time OSs: This system is a very different type of OS as it is used
for different type of applications i.e. real time applications like railway
reservations, process control etc.
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
18
19. 1. Operating System (OS)1. Operating System (OS)
• Is the computer system’s chief manager
• OS:
1. Provides locations in primary memory for data & programs
2. Controls the input & output devices such as printers,
terminals & telecommunication links
3. Also coordinates the scheduling of work in various areas of
the computer so that different parts of different jobs can
be worked on at the same time
4. Keeps track of each computer job & may also keep track of
who is using the system, of what programs have been run
& of any unauthorized attempts to access the system
• Is the computer system’s chief manager
• OS:
1. Provides locations in primary memory for data & programs
2. Controls the input & output devices such as printers,
terminals & telecommunication links
3. Also coordinates the scheduling of work in various areas of
the computer so that different parts of different jobs can
be worked on at the same time
4. Keeps track of each computer job & may also keep track of
who is using the system, of what programs have been run
& of any unauthorized attempts to access the system
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
19
20. Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
• OS allows you to
concentrate on your
own task or applications
rather than on the
complexities of
managing the computer
• OS allows you to
concentrate on your
own task or applications
rather than on the
complexities of
managing the computer
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
20
21. OS CapabilitiesOS Capabilities
• OS capabilities like
– multiprogramming,
– virtual storage,
– time sharing &
– multiprocessing
enable the computer
to handle many
different tasks & users
at the same time
• OS capabilities like
– multiprogramming,
– virtual storage,
– time sharing &
– multiprocessing
enable the computer
to handle many
different tasks & users
at the same time
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
21
22. OS CapabilitiesOS Capabilities
Multi-
programming
Multiple programs can share a computer system’s
resources at any one time through concurrent use
of the CPU. Only one program is actually using the
CPU at any given moment, but the input/output
needs of other programs can be serviced at the
same time
Multiple programs can share a computer system’s
resources at any one time through concurrent use
of the CPU. Only one program is actually using the
CPU at any given moment, but the input/output
needs of other programs can be serviced at the
same time
Virtual
Storage
Handles programs more efficiently by breaking down
the programs into tiny sections that are read into
memory only when needed. The rest of each
program is stored on disk until it is required. Virtual
storage allows very large programs to be executed
by small machines, or a large number of programs to
be executed concurrently by a single machine
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
22
23. OS CapabilitiesOS Capabilities
Time
Sharing
Allows many users to share computer processing
resources simultaneously by allocating each a tiny
slice of computer time to perform computing tasks &
transferring processing from user to user. This
arrangement permits many users to be connected to
a CPU simultaneously, with each receiving only a tiny
amount of CPU time
Allows many users to share computer processing
resources simultaneously by allocating each a tiny
slice of computer time to perform computing tasks &
transferring processing from user to user. This
arrangement permits many users to be connected to
a CPU simultaneously, with each receiving only a tiny
amount of CPU time
Multi-
processing
Links together two or more CPUs to work in parallel in
a single computer system. The OS can assign multiple
CPUs to execute different instructions from the same
program or from different programs simultaneously,
dividing the work between the CPUs
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
23
24. 2. Utilities2. Utilities
• These are programmes that are very often requested by many
application programmers.
• E.g.
– SORT/MERGE: For sorting large volumes of data & merging them into
a single sorted list
– Transfer Programmes: For transforming contents from one medium to
another e.g. disk to tape, tape to disk etc.
• These are programmes that are very often requested by many
application programmers.
• E.g.
– SORT/MERGE: For sorting large volumes of data & merging them into
a single sorted list
– Transfer Programmes: For transforming contents from one medium to
another e.g. disk to tape, tape to disk etc.
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
24
25. 3. Special Purpose Software3. Special Purpose Software
• These are intended to extend the capability of OSs to provide
specialized services to application programmes
• E.g.
– Spreadsheet software like LOTUS, VISUAL etc.
– Data Management software like dBase III, DBMS etc.
• These are intended to extend the capability of OSs to provide
specialized services to application programmes
• E.g.
– Spreadsheet software like LOTUS, VISUAL etc.
– Data Management software like dBase III, DBMS etc.
Saturday, August 10, 2013
drashishkgupta@gmail.com
09811114879
25