Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social interactions. It examines how social structures, institutions, and processes shape our behaviors. Key early thinkers who influenced the development of sociology include Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. Comte first proposed sociology as a separate science from other fields. Marx emphasized economic determinism and class conflict as drivers of social change. Durkheim studied how social integration and regulation impact suicide rates. Weber introduced the concept of verstehen to understand meanings behind human actions. Together, they helped establish sociology as a distinct academic discipline.
This presentation explains education as one of the social institutions in a society. This includes the purposes and functions of education in the society.
The document discusses social stratification and systems of stratification. It defines key terms like social differentiation, inequality, and stratification. It also summarizes different theories of stratification like structural functionalism and conflict theory. It provides examples of different historical systems of stratification like the caste, estate, and class systems. Finally, it analyzes social class and mobility in the United States.
This document discusses social stratification and the different systems that societies use to rank people in hierarchies. It covers 4 main types of stratification systems: slavery, estates, caste, and class. Slavery ranks people based on ownership, estates are based on feudal roles like nobility and peasants. Caste is a system where social rank is strictly determined by birth. Class systems developed with industrialization and rank people based on factors like income, wealth, education and occupation. The document also discusses how stratification is maintained through things like discrimination and prejudice, and how social mobility can occur between generations or positions.
The document discusses two theoretical perspectives on social stratification: functionalism and Marxism. Functionalists view stratification as necessary to maintain order and stability by rewarding individuals based on their performance and contribution to society. However, Marxists see stratification as divisive and a means for one class to exploit others through unequal control and ownership of resources and political power.
The document discusses the effects of the global economic downturn on social services. It outlines how 47 US states are facing budget shortfalls totaling $51 billion for 2009. The economic crisis has led to cuts in public spending and social programs, increased demand for social services, and challenges for non-profits due to decreased charitable giving. Historical economic downturns are also reviewed, showing recessions have occurred frequently over the past 200 years.
Human societies have evolved from small nomadic hunter-gatherer groups to today's large, complex industrial societies. Early societies such as hunting/gathering and horticultural/pastoral groups were family-centered with simple technology and economies. The development of agriculture led to permanent settlements, surplus production, social inequality, and early civilizations. The industrial revolution introduced mechanized production, urbanization, occupational specialization, and advanced technologies, transforming societies into highly interconnected systems.
This document discusses social stratification and the different systems used to rank individuals in a society. It describes the four main systems - slavery, caste, estate, and class - and explains how social mobility and status can vary between them. Key factors like wealth, power, prestige, occupation, gender, race, and age are used to stratify and rank people in a hierarchy within a social structure.
This presentation explains education as one of the social institutions in a society. This includes the purposes and functions of education in the society.
The document discusses social stratification and systems of stratification. It defines key terms like social differentiation, inequality, and stratification. It also summarizes different theories of stratification like structural functionalism and conflict theory. It provides examples of different historical systems of stratification like the caste, estate, and class systems. Finally, it analyzes social class and mobility in the United States.
This document discusses social stratification and the different systems that societies use to rank people in hierarchies. It covers 4 main types of stratification systems: slavery, estates, caste, and class. Slavery ranks people based on ownership, estates are based on feudal roles like nobility and peasants. Caste is a system where social rank is strictly determined by birth. Class systems developed with industrialization and rank people based on factors like income, wealth, education and occupation. The document also discusses how stratification is maintained through things like discrimination and prejudice, and how social mobility can occur between generations or positions.
The document discusses two theoretical perspectives on social stratification: functionalism and Marxism. Functionalists view stratification as necessary to maintain order and stability by rewarding individuals based on their performance and contribution to society. However, Marxists see stratification as divisive and a means for one class to exploit others through unequal control and ownership of resources and political power.
The document discusses the effects of the global economic downturn on social services. It outlines how 47 US states are facing budget shortfalls totaling $51 billion for 2009. The economic crisis has led to cuts in public spending and social programs, increased demand for social services, and challenges for non-profits due to decreased charitable giving. Historical economic downturns are also reviewed, showing recessions have occurred frequently over the past 200 years.
Human societies have evolved from small nomadic hunter-gatherer groups to today's large, complex industrial societies. Early societies such as hunting/gathering and horticultural/pastoral groups were family-centered with simple technology and economies. The development of agriculture led to permanent settlements, surplus production, social inequality, and early civilizations. The industrial revolution introduced mechanized production, urbanization, occupational specialization, and advanced technologies, transforming societies into highly interconnected systems.
This document discusses social stratification and the different systems used to rank individuals in a society. It describes the four main systems - slavery, caste, estate, and class - and explains how social mobility and status can vary between them. Key factors like wealth, power, prestige, occupation, gender, race, and age are used to stratify and rank people in a hierarchy within a social structure.
This social case study report documents a family seeking assistance. It identifies the grantee and family members, describes the presenting problems from the client and case worker's perspectives, and provides background on the client's bio-psycho-social history and the family's socio-economic status and environment. The report assesses the family's current functioning, strengths and limitations, prioritizes problems, and outlines intervention plans to address economic sufficiency, program compliance, health, and education goals. Recommendations for priority actions complete the report.
As a student of MSW final year, first time I presented this PPT at RCU's P G Halakatti, P G Centre, Vachana Sanagama,Toravi, Vijayapur. This is a wonderful experience and opportunity to me..
This document discusses social stratification and mobility. It defines stratification as the division of society into unequal classes based on wealth, power and prestige. It examines perspectives on stratification from Marx, Weber and sociological theories. It also outlines the major social classes in the US and discusses poverty trends, focusing on disadvantaged groups. Finally, it defines types of social mobility and compares open versus closed systems of mobility.
Presentation by Adewale Troutman, MD, MPH, MA at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference - Provides an overview of the health equity and social justice framework that is gaining support nationally as a paradigm to understand and address the root causes of health inequity. Highlights specific strategies being led by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) and the Louisville Metro Health Department to promote health equity.
This document provides an overview of social stratification. It defines social stratification as the layering and ranking of groups in a society based on power, property, and prestige. It discusses the key dimensions and types of stratification, including egalitarian, ranked, class-based, and caste societies. Gender, slavery, and the emergence of social hierarchies over time are also addressed. The purpose is for students to understand social inequality and how it varies across different types of societies.
The document discusses sociopolitical anthropology and the cross-cultural study of social organization, informal social control, and governance. It covers common forms of social grouping such as by gender, age, associations, and social class. It also discusses concepts like egalitarian societies, ranked societies, stratified societies, bands, tribes, chiefdoms, states, legitimacy, and power versus authority.
Charles Horton Cooley was a pioneering American sociologist born in 1864 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He struggled under the shadow of his famous father who served on the Michigan Supreme Court. Cooley's dissertation focused on human ecology but he later became interested in the psychological aspects of sociology. Cooley taught at the University of Michigan and developed theories about the self and its relationship with society, arguing that the self emerges through interactions with others in primary groups. He is best known for his concept of the "looking glass self" and the idea that individuals imagine how they appear to others and how those others judge them.
Stratification refers to systematic inequalities between groups that arise from social processes and relationships. Social stratification creates a hierarchy in society where groups have unequal access to resources, power, and social worth. It can take many forms like class, race, and gender, which overlap and influence life chances. There are functional and conflict theories for stratification - functionalism sees it as motivating productivity while conflict theory sees it as exploitation. Inequality in the U.S. is growing, with the wealthiest 1% controlling most wealth and CEO salaries far exceeding average incomes. Poverty disproportionately affects minorities and reasons for homelessness include unemployment, lack of affordable housing and support.
This document discusses the concept of social awareness and how companies can develop and enhance their own social awareness. Social awareness is defined as how interactions between social groups are valued, and involves reciprocity, reliability, morality, civic merit, and cooperation. Social awareness can be both an individual and collective phenomenon, as an individual's social awareness impacts the larger group, for better or worse. Companies can practice empathy, take a holistic view, and know when to step back to develop social awareness.
Social interaction and social structure are closely related concepts in sociology. Social interaction refers to how people respond to one another, while social structure describes how society is organized into predictable relationships and hierarchies. A person's social status can be ascriptive, based on attributes like gender or race, or achieved through their own efforts and occupations. Statuses come with social roles and expectations, and role conflict can occur when a person has incompatible roles. Social groups and institutions also play a key role in shaping social structure and transmitting culture according to different sociological perspectives.
Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It analyzes the function of components like the educational, religious, and criminal justice systems, and how they contribute to social order and change. The theory was influenced by Émile Durkheim, who believed society exerted influence on individuals. Basic concepts in structural functionalism include social structure, social function, manifest and latent functions. Its basic principles are maintenance of social stability, collective functioning, and understanding social evolution.
The presentation discusses the relationship between culture and development. It defines development as an ongoing process of reducing imbalanced situations in society and ensuring people's participation in social, economic, and human development initiatives. Culture is an integral part of development, as it forms the foundation and provides the elements of sustainable development through socio-cultural communication tools. Specifically, cultural education empowers communities by building capacity, networking, volunteerism, collaboration, and focusing on social problems, while maintaining social ties, cultural analyses, discovering talent, and promoting self-esteem, social respect, and harmony. Overall, the presentation argues that culture is key to measuring a society's development and progress.
This document discusses key concepts related to social interaction and structure. It defines social interaction as how people act toward and respond to others, forming the basis for relationships and groups. It then examines how technology has impacted social interaction. The document also defines social structure as stable patterns of social relationships within a group or society. It provides examples of different social groups and statuses people can have, such as those ascribed or achieved. Finally, it discusses related concepts like social networks, roles and role conflicts within a social structure.
Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms and expectations. There are several types of deviance such as drug abuse, crimes, and prostitution. Deviance is usually met with negative social sanctions though it can also drive social change by highlighting issues with existing norms. Societies use both informal social controls like social pressure and formal controls through laws and institutions to encourage conformity and control deviance. However, deviance is unavoidable and relative as norms vary between cultures and change over time.
The document discusses three major sociological theories of society: structural-functional, conflict, and symbolic interaction. The structural-functional perspective views society as a system of interrelated structures that work together to ensure stability and meet human needs. The conflict perspective sees society as characterized by inequality and competition over scarce resources, leading to social change. The symbolic interaction perspective focuses on how people interact and develop shared meanings through communication.
This document provides an overview of social work models and approaches. It discusses several models for working with individuals, groups, and communities, including direct provision, intercession-mediation, mobilizing client resources, and crisis intervention. It also covers the problem-solving model and importance of relationships in casework. The key elements of the problem-solving process are identifying the problem, understanding the client's perspective, exploring solutions, and making decisions to address the problem.
Social inequality refers to unequal status or access to goods and services among people in a society. It can include unequal access to voting rights, freedom of speech, property rights, education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and other social benefits. Social inequality is also seen in unequal family and neighborhood conditions, occupations, job satisfaction, and access to credit, and is linked to racial, gender, and wealth inequality.
This document discusses social class stratification and mobility in the Philippines. It defines social class and identifies key determinants like money, education, occupation prestige, lifestyle, and heredity. It outlines the historical class systems from the pre-colonial, Spanish colonial, and cultural minority eras. It also examines class-linked attitudes, behaviors, and institutional attitudes towards government, religion, and the economy among the upper, middle, and lower classes in Philippine society.
Medical anthropology draws on various fields of anthropology to understand health, illness, and healthcare from a biocultural and sociocultural perspective. It examines topics such as the experience of illness, healing processes, medical systems, health disparities, and communication around well-being. Students can apply what they learn in medical anthropology to careers in research, medicine, public health, and other fields. Graduates of Miami University's medical anthropology program have pursued jobs as researchers, attended medical school or graduate programs in public health and anthropology, and worked in healthcare and other industries.
Sociology emerged in the 19th century in response to modernity and increasing social changes. While it has roots in early philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, sociology aims to systematically study social life, behavior, and institutions. Some key founders of sociology include Auguste Comte, who coined the term sociology and emphasized the scientific study of society, Herbert Spencer who applied evolutionary theory to sociology, Karl Marx who emphasized class conflict and economic determinism, and Emile Durkheim who studied how social forces influence behavior and social order. Sociology analyzes both small-scale social interactions and large-scale social systems and structures to understand human behavior and social change.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It focuses on how social relationships influence people's attitudes and behaviors and how societies are established and change.
2. The document outlines the key founders and early theorists of sociology, including Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and their major works and perspectives.
3. It also discusses the development of sociology in North America and challenges faced by early women and minority sociologists in pursuing the field.
This social case study report documents a family seeking assistance. It identifies the grantee and family members, describes the presenting problems from the client and case worker's perspectives, and provides background on the client's bio-psycho-social history and the family's socio-economic status and environment. The report assesses the family's current functioning, strengths and limitations, prioritizes problems, and outlines intervention plans to address economic sufficiency, program compliance, health, and education goals. Recommendations for priority actions complete the report.
As a student of MSW final year, first time I presented this PPT at RCU's P G Halakatti, P G Centre, Vachana Sanagama,Toravi, Vijayapur. This is a wonderful experience and opportunity to me..
This document discusses social stratification and mobility. It defines stratification as the division of society into unequal classes based on wealth, power and prestige. It examines perspectives on stratification from Marx, Weber and sociological theories. It also outlines the major social classes in the US and discusses poverty trends, focusing on disadvantaged groups. Finally, it defines types of social mobility and compares open versus closed systems of mobility.
Presentation by Adewale Troutman, MD, MPH, MA at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference - Provides an overview of the health equity and social justice framework that is gaining support nationally as a paradigm to understand and address the root causes of health inequity. Highlights specific strategies being led by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) and the Louisville Metro Health Department to promote health equity.
This document provides an overview of social stratification. It defines social stratification as the layering and ranking of groups in a society based on power, property, and prestige. It discusses the key dimensions and types of stratification, including egalitarian, ranked, class-based, and caste societies. Gender, slavery, and the emergence of social hierarchies over time are also addressed. The purpose is for students to understand social inequality and how it varies across different types of societies.
The document discusses sociopolitical anthropology and the cross-cultural study of social organization, informal social control, and governance. It covers common forms of social grouping such as by gender, age, associations, and social class. It also discusses concepts like egalitarian societies, ranked societies, stratified societies, bands, tribes, chiefdoms, states, legitimacy, and power versus authority.
Charles Horton Cooley was a pioneering American sociologist born in 1864 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He struggled under the shadow of his famous father who served on the Michigan Supreme Court. Cooley's dissertation focused on human ecology but he later became interested in the psychological aspects of sociology. Cooley taught at the University of Michigan and developed theories about the self and its relationship with society, arguing that the self emerges through interactions with others in primary groups. He is best known for his concept of the "looking glass self" and the idea that individuals imagine how they appear to others and how those others judge them.
Stratification refers to systematic inequalities between groups that arise from social processes and relationships. Social stratification creates a hierarchy in society where groups have unequal access to resources, power, and social worth. It can take many forms like class, race, and gender, which overlap and influence life chances. There are functional and conflict theories for stratification - functionalism sees it as motivating productivity while conflict theory sees it as exploitation. Inequality in the U.S. is growing, with the wealthiest 1% controlling most wealth and CEO salaries far exceeding average incomes. Poverty disproportionately affects minorities and reasons for homelessness include unemployment, lack of affordable housing and support.
This document discusses the concept of social awareness and how companies can develop and enhance their own social awareness. Social awareness is defined as how interactions between social groups are valued, and involves reciprocity, reliability, morality, civic merit, and cooperation. Social awareness can be both an individual and collective phenomenon, as an individual's social awareness impacts the larger group, for better or worse. Companies can practice empathy, take a holistic view, and know when to step back to develop social awareness.
Social interaction and social structure are closely related concepts in sociology. Social interaction refers to how people respond to one another, while social structure describes how society is organized into predictable relationships and hierarchies. A person's social status can be ascriptive, based on attributes like gender or race, or achieved through their own efforts and occupations. Statuses come with social roles and expectations, and role conflict can occur when a person has incompatible roles. Social groups and institutions also play a key role in shaping social structure and transmitting culture according to different sociological perspectives.
Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It analyzes the function of components like the educational, religious, and criminal justice systems, and how they contribute to social order and change. The theory was influenced by Émile Durkheim, who believed society exerted influence on individuals. Basic concepts in structural functionalism include social structure, social function, manifest and latent functions. Its basic principles are maintenance of social stability, collective functioning, and understanding social evolution.
The presentation discusses the relationship between culture and development. It defines development as an ongoing process of reducing imbalanced situations in society and ensuring people's participation in social, economic, and human development initiatives. Culture is an integral part of development, as it forms the foundation and provides the elements of sustainable development through socio-cultural communication tools. Specifically, cultural education empowers communities by building capacity, networking, volunteerism, collaboration, and focusing on social problems, while maintaining social ties, cultural analyses, discovering talent, and promoting self-esteem, social respect, and harmony. Overall, the presentation argues that culture is key to measuring a society's development and progress.
This document discusses key concepts related to social interaction and structure. It defines social interaction as how people act toward and respond to others, forming the basis for relationships and groups. It then examines how technology has impacted social interaction. The document also defines social structure as stable patterns of social relationships within a group or society. It provides examples of different social groups and statuses people can have, such as those ascribed or achieved. Finally, it discusses related concepts like social networks, roles and role conflicts within a social structure.
Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms and expectations. There are several types of deviance such as drug abuse, crimes, and prostitution. Deviance is usually met with negative social sanctions though it can also drive social change by highlighting issues with existing norms. Societies use both informal social controls like social pressure and formal controls through laws and institutions to encourage conformity and control deviance. However, deviance is unavoidable and relative as norms vary between cultures and change over time.
The document discusses three major sociological theories of society: structural-functional, conflict, and symbolic interaction. The structural-functional perspective views society as a system of interrelated structures that work together to ensure stability and meet human needs. The conflict perspective sees society as characterized by inequality and competition over scarce resources, leading to social change. The symbolic interaction perspective focuses on how people interact and develop shared meanings through communication.
This document provides an overview of social work models and approaches. It discusses several models for working with individuals, groups, and communities, including direct provision, intercession-mediation, mobilizing client resources, and crisis intervention. It also covers the problem-solving model and importance of relationships in casework. The key elements of the problem-solving process are identifying the problem, understanding the client's perspective, exploring solutions, and making decisions to address the problem.
Social inequality refers to unequal status or access to goods and services among people in a society. It can include unequal access to voting rights, freedom of speech, property rights, education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and other social benefits. Social inequality is also seen in unequal family and neighborhood conditions, occupations, job satisfaction, and access to credit, and is linked to racial, gender, and wealth inequality.
This document discusses social class stratification and mobility in the Philippines. It defines social class and identifies key determinants like money, education, occupation prestige, lifestyle, and heredity. It outlines the historical class systems from the pre-colonial, Spanish colonial, and cultural minority eras. It also examines class-linked attitudes, behaviors, and institutional attitudes towards government, religion, and the economy among the upper, middle, and lower classes in Philippine society.
Medical anthropology draws on various fields of anthropology to understand health, illness, and healthcare from a biocultural and sociocultural perspective. It examines topics such as the experience of illness, healing processes, medical systems, health disparities, and communication around well-being. Students can apply what they learn in medical anthropology to careers in research, medicine, public health, and other fields. Graduates of Miami University's medical anthropology program have pursued jobs as researchers, attended medical school or graduate programs in public health and anthropology, and worked in healthcare and other industries.
Sociology emerged in the 19th century in response to modernity and increasing social changes. While it has roots in early philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, sociology aims to systematically study social life, behavior, and institutions. Some key founders of sociology include Auguste Comte, who coined the term sociology and emphasized the scientific study of society, Herbert Spencer who applied evolutionary theory to sociology, Karl Marx who emphasized class conflict and economic determinism, and Emile Durkheim who studied how social forces influence behavior and social order. Sociology analyzes both small-scale social interactions and large-scale social systems and structures to understand human behavior and social change.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It focuses on how social relationships influence people's attitudes and behaviors and how societies are established and change.
2. The document outlines the key founders and early theorists of sociology, including Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and their major works and perspectives.
3. It also discusses the development of sociology in North America and challenges faced by early women and minority sociologists in pursuing the field.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. The sociological perspective examines individuals within their social context, considering factors like employment, income, gender, and experiences that shape behavior.
3. Sociology analyzes social institutions, processes, concepts, and theories to understand both the emergence of globalization and unique experiences within communities.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. Early founders of sociology like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber developed sociological perspectives to understand social phenomena, and sociology continues to use theoretical frameworks like functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
3. Sociology has both an academic focus on developing theories and knowledge, as well as an applied focus through clinical sociology which aims to use sociological insights to address social problems.
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It discusses why sociology is studied, including to understand society objectively and see one's place within it. It outlines some of the key thinkers in the development of sociology, such as Comte, Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, and Weber, and their contributions to establishing sociology as a science. It also summarizes the different areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, social change, and applied sociology. Finally, it discusses the relationship between sociology and other social sciences.
Lesson 1 introduction to sociology (prelim)Apol Maligdong
This document provides an overview of sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and culture. Some key points:
- Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" in the 19th century and defined it as the study of social dynamics and social statics.
- Major founding thinkers included Karl Marx, who studied social class and conflict, and Emile Durkheim, who defined sociology as the study of social facts.
- Sociology can be studied at the micro, macro, and meso levels and examines topics like social organization, social change, and social problems.
- Major theoretical perspectives are structural functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interaction
Sociology in the Philippines developed in three stages - first as social philosophy, then as problem-oriented, and now striving for more scientific rigor. Early sociology aimed to guide colonial administrators, but now focuses on understanding social realities. Fr. Valentin introduced sociology, while Serafin Macaraig wrote the first sociology textbook. Universities now offer sociology degrees, and organizations like the Philippine Social Science Council promote quality social science. Philippine sociologists contribute knowledge to support policymaking and address underdevelopment, though there is debate around value-neutral research versus activism.
Society, Culture and Family Planning with Population EducationMylene Almario
This document provides an overview of sociology, including definitions of sociology from different scholars, why sociology is studied, key concepts like sociological imagination, whether sociology is a science, how it relates to other social sciences, and the development of sociology in Europe, the United States and the Philippines. It also outlines two major theoretical perspectives in sociology - structural functionalism and conflict perspective.
Sociology is the systematic study of human social behavior and groups. It focuses on how social relationships influence behavior and how societies develop and change. Anthropology studies humanity's biological, social, and cultural development and seeks to understand differences and similarities between people. Both disciplines have roots in the 18th-19th centuries and were influenced by thinkers like Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber who applied scientific methods to the study of society. Modern sociology and anthropology utilize theoretical perspectives like functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism to analyze social patterns and behaviors.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and society. It examines how people interact with each other and how they organize themselves into larger social groups. Some key aspects of sociology covered in the document include:
- Sociology studies social interactions, social organizations, social change, social structure, and social relationships.
- The origins and emergence of sociology are traced back to the Industrial Revolution and the works of early theorists like Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber.
- There are different approaches to sociology including evolutionary, interactionist, functionalist, and conflict approaches.
- Culture refers to the learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that are shared by a
This document provides an overview of the subject code SSCN01G, which is a 3-unit course on sociology with anthropology. The course description emphasizes patterns of human relations and man's role in social changes. It also covers population growth, environment, and poverty issues. The learning objectives are to help students understand how society works, encourage good community membership, and apply sociological concepts. The document then provides definitions and introductions to sociology, anthropology, and their various branches and related concepts.
Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. It is distinct from other social sciences in that it takes a broad approach to understanding human interactions and how society influences behavior. While psychology focuses on individual nature and other fields examine specific areas, sociology seeks to explain all human behavior as shaped by social and cultural forces. Sociology also informs and is informed by related fields like history, economics, anthropology and political science through examining topics from different perspectives.
Understanding Society, Culture and PoliticsNelissaPearl
1. The document discusses key concepts in social science including identity, culture, society, and politics. It defines anthropology, sociology, and political science as the three main fields of social science.
2. Anthropology is defined as the study of culture, sociology is the study of society and human social behavior, and political science is the study of politics and government.
3. The goals of anthropology include understanding one's own culture, appreciating cultural diversity, understanding human commonalities, and generating new knowledge about humanity. The goals of sociology include understanding society and human life through theories and principles. The goals of political science include citizenship education and understanding different forms of government.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in sociology. It discusses how sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and interactions. Some of the founders of sociology discussed include Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Harriet Martineau. It also outlines the different fields within sociology such as community, family, education, religion, and social change. Finally, it briefly defines the sociological concepts of culture and discusses some of its key features like universality, variability, and how culture is learned and shared between members of a society.
Introduction to Sociology and AnthropologyMonte Christo
This document provides an overview of sociology and anthropology. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human social behavior and groups, focusing on how social relationships influence behavior and society develops. Anthropology is defined as the study of past and present human cultures. The document then discusses the origins and history of sociology and anthropology, including key early thinkers in each field. It also outlines three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
GENERAL AND HEALTH SOCIOLOGY LECTURE NOTES FIVE UNITS.pptxMukuba University
This document provides an introduction to sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social behavior, and discusses how it examines social interactions and their influence on individuals. Sociology focuses on groups rather than individuals, and studies a wide range of social institutions and factors that influence human behavior. The emergence of sociology is traced to the industrial revolution and other social changes in Europe in the 18th-19th centuries. Early founders like Comte, Spencer, Durkheim, Marx and Weber contributed foundational perspectives that focused on understanding social order, dynamics, and inequality through various scientific and theoretical approaches.
sociology lec ba llb fist year sociology basicsmehultomar73
Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human society and social interactions. It examines how groups influence individuals and how individuals influence groups. Sociology is considered the mother of social sciences as it informs fields like history, political science, economics, and psychology.
A society is a group of people who live in a defined territory and share a culture. Key elements that characterize a society include social organization, boundaries, culture, institutions, and social interactions between individuals. The major social institutions that are ubiquitous across societies include family, education, economy, religion, and government/politics.
Law is the body of rules that are recognized and enforced within a political system to regulate behavior and administer justice. The major functions of
Sociology is the systematic study of human society and social interaction. It examines how social institutions influence human behavior and the processes that maintain and change society. The field was established in the 19th century by thinkers seeking to apply scientific methods to the study of human relationships. Sociology takes three main theoretical perspectives: structural functionalism, which focuses on social stability and the interdependence of institutions; social conflict theory, which examines power struggles and inequality; and symbolic interactionism, which analyzes how social structures emerge from everyday interactions and use of shared symbols. Sociology studies the rules that govern human social life and how social environments shape psychological behaviors. It examines topics like community development, social change, and the relationships between society's institutions.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
The Rise of Generative AI in Finance: Reshaping the Industry with Synthetic DataChampak Jhagmag
In this presentation, we will explore the rise of generative AI in finance and its potential to reshape the industry. We will discuss how generative AI can be used to develop new products, combat fraud, and revolutionize risk management. Finally, we will address some of the ethical considerations and challenges associated with this powerful technology.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
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2. What is SOCIOLOGY?
- Sociology is derived from the French word “sociologie”
coined by August Comte. The term is taken from the Latin
word “socius” meaning “partner or “group” and the Greek
word “logos” meaning “to study”.
- According to Hughes and Kroeler, sociology is the
scientific study of social interactions. It studies how people
interact with one another and how such interaction affects
their behaviors
-Sociology is also define as the “systematic study of social
life and behavior, especially in relation to social systems-
how they work, how they change , the consequences they
produce, and their complex relation to people’s lives” (
Johnson, 1996).
4. 1. Sociology examines the relationship between
the different structures and institutions in a
society and how it contributes the development
of individual members.
2. Sociology helps in the resolution of societal
problems which are believed to hinder society’s
progress and development.
3. Sociology serves as a tool in disseminating
information on what is happening around us.
4. Through sociology, human being’s culture is
greatly enhanced and cultivated. The individual
is able to adjust himself/herself to present
conditions that pave the way to for new
discoveries and inventions
5. 5. Through sociology, an individual is able to
understand the behavior of human beings in
a society. He/She is able to examine how and
why people act the way they do.
6. Sociology is able to rationalize the
existence of social groups as a factor in
social development.
7. Sociology is indispensable vehicle toward
world understanding. The world is divided
politically giving rise to stress and conflict.
People have failed to bring about peace.
6. Macrosociology- is a division of Sociology that
analyze social system and population on large
scale, and often , at high level of abstraction. It
can also be the analysis of large collectivities
(e.g. the state, social class, the economy,
culture, and society).
NATURE OF
SOCIOLOGY
8. Socioeconomics – is the study of the
relationship between economic
activities and social life. Economics
focuses on wealth, trade, consumption,
and behavior patterns of society.
Sociology of Education – is a branch of
sociology that is concerned with the role
and functions of the educational system
in a society.
9. Sociology of the family - studies
the very foundation of the family
as an institution and how it
relates.
Criminology – studies the nature
and causes of crime and deviant
behavior, the behavior and
activities of criminals, and the
criminal justice system.
10. Sociology of religion- is concerned with
the role of religion in society, specifically
its practices, historical backgrounds,
developments, and universal themes.
Industrial Sociology- tackles theoretical
and empirical issues and covers topics
such as spirituality and community, and
religion in multicultural societies.
11. Political Sociology – is the study of
the relationship between society
and politics.
Environmental Sociology - is the
study of the mutual interactions
among the physical environment,
social organization, and social
behavior.
13. PLATO
(429-347 BC)
He wrote The Republic
According to Plato, societies
are formed towards a
particular purpose. A human
being is not self-sufficient
because he/she is capable
of producing everything that
he/ she needs for survival.
14. The principle of specialization led Plato to classify
society into three classes namely:
Rulers – are responsible in making decisions.
They must possess the virtue of wisdom,
understand reality, and the impartial in making
decisions.
Soldiers – are tasked in defending the state
against threats to domestic and external
security. . They must possess the virtue of
courage, and be obedient in carrying out
orders despite personal risk.
People- are the governed. They must exhibit
the virtue of moderation and the ability to set
aside personal desires for a higher purpose.
15. ARISTOTLE
(384-322 BC)
-He discussed the city (polis)
in his work entitled Politics
-He considered the city as a
natural community which had
prior importance than the
family, for he believe that the
whole ( city) is more than
important than its parts (family)
-He recognized the importance
of family because it creates the
structure of society in which
important goods such as
loyalty and duty and political
involvement are cultivated.
16. CONFUCIUS
(551- 479 B.C)
-He believed that it is
intrinsic to every individual
to be in the company of
other people, that is, in
society.
-It is only in society that an
individual will be able to
maximize his/ her full
potential. It is imperative,
therefore, to people to learn
how to behave in the society
where they belong.
17. He grouped people into five
relationship
1. Ruler and subject
2. Father and son
3. Elder brother and younger
brother
4. Husband and wife
5. Friend and friend
18. NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
(1469-1527)
-An Italian Philosopher, historian and
founder of modern political science
-He wrote The Prince to serve as a
guide in ruling a region or state. In it,
he described a “good” society and the
guidelines for creating one.
-He believed that a representative
government is the ideal form of
government, but still insisted on the
possibility of forming a “good society”.
-For him, leaders must be both virtuous
and vicious. However, a leader must
learn how to disguise his vicious
characteristics and to highlight his
virtuous qualities.
19. THOMAS MORE
(1478-1535)
-He wrote Utopia in
1516, a narrative
depicting a kind of
society and its
religious, social
and political
customs. A Greek
word which literally
means, “no-place-
land.”
20. In order to achieve an ideal republic, the
following principles are introduced in Utopia
Elimination of private property- All goods are
publicly owned and are distributed freely.
Universal nature of labor- All people except a
handful of scholars and officials must work
and all must benefit from their communal
labor.
The role of Moderated pleasure in social life-
The highest pleasure of its citizens are derived
by those who willingly sacrifice their own
happiness for the happiness of others.
The role of family as the microcosm of state-
The family represents the state at its smallest
level in the individual lives.
21. THOMAS HOBBES
(1588-1679)
-An English Philosopher who
wrote the Leviathan which
became the basis of most
Western political philosophy
from the perspective of the
social contract theory.
-In Leviathan, he offered a
solution to enable people to
escape from the “state of
nature.”
-He added that the subjects
must endure the abuses of the
sovereign as a consequence of
attaining peace rather than go
back again to the state of
22. JOHN LOCKE
(1632-1704)
He is an
outstanding
English
philosopher and
physician, who is
widely known as
the “Father of
Classical
23. -He believed that the reason why men what to
abandon the ideal state of nature(the absence
of authority) is due to “inconveniences”
suffered by the majority of rational people.
-For him, the purpose of existence of civil
society is not for the governed to be directly
ruled and guided in order for them to live and
flourished. Although survival and prosperity
are the expected outcomes, the prime duty of
the government is to enact measures that will
protect the life, liberty, and property of every
subject
24. JEAN JACQUES
ROUSSEAU (1712-
1778)
-A Swiss philosopher who
wrote The Social Contact
and Emile, a treatise on
education.
-He suggested that for
humans to join together and
form a civil society by
entering into a social
contract. Part of this contract
is the abandonment of their
natural rights. By doing so,
the individuals can protect
25. JOHN STUART
MILL
(1806-1873)
-He was a British
philosopher, economist,
and civil servant, and one
of the proponents of
utilitarianism.
-In his essay entitled
“On Liberty”, he viewed
liberty as freedom of every
individual to do whatever
he/she pleases as long as
he/she does not harm
other people.
26. -Imposing something or compelling a person
to do certain tasks, or even declaring what is
wise or right for another person is treated as
interference to one’s freedom.
-Mill set a limit on the authority of the ruler in
order for the latter not to abuse it by making
decisions that could harm society.
-Mill believed that limiting the scope of
authority of the government was not enough.
He added “society can and does not execute
its own mandates: and if it uses wrong
mandates instead of right, or any mandates
at all things which it ought not to meddle.
28. Auguste Comte
(1789-1857)
- He is a French
Mathematician and
philosopher who
proposed a separate
new science of society.
Comte discovered that
Adolphe Quetelet, a
Belgian mathematician,
had made use of the
term prior to him.
29. Herbert Spencer (1820-
1903)
- He is a British philosopher-scientist
who advanced the thesis that evolution
accounts for the development of social
and natural life. He stressed that
society is similar to a living organism
with parts working together in order to
survive. One of the guiding principles
of Spencer is that, society must adapt
to its environment to effect natural
change, which will inevitably bring
progress and perfection in society. He
is also known for his social evolution
theory.
30. Karl Marx
(1818-1883)
– He is a philosopher,
economist, and a social
activist , who stressed that
history is a continuous class
among conflicting ideas and
forces between parts of
society. He believed that
conflict between the haves
(bourgeois) and the have
nots (proletariart) is
necessary in order to
produce social change.
31. a. Economic Determinism- It means that
economic relationships provide the foundation
on which all other social and political
arrangements are built. He believed that family
structure, law and religion would developed
after adapting to the economic structure.
b. The Dialectic- Marx viewed change as a product
of contradictions and conflicts between parts
of society. He predicted that the conflict
between the ruling class and the working class
would lead to a new economic system.
32. Emile Durkheim
(1858-1919)
- Durkheim is a French
intellectual who devotes
himself in understanding the
stability and the importance
of social participation for
individual happiness. The
lasting legacy of Durkheim is
a theory that. According to
his classic study entitled
Suicide, when society over-
regulates and there is less
freedom, “fatalistic suicide”
occurs.
33. Max Weber
(1864-1920)
– Weber is a German
economist, historian,
historian, and philosopher. He
believed that to understand
the behavior of a person,
people have to understand the
meaning of the individual
attributes of that behavior.
Weber’s work was the basis
for
“Verstehen Sociology,” which
emphasizes the subjective
meaning of human actions.
“Verstehen” is a German word
meaning “understanding”.