The document outlines a workshop focused on planning social marketing campaigns, detailing the total process planning stages: scoping, developing, implementing, evaluating, and follow-up. It emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement, behavioral analysis, competition analysis, and communications strategies within these phases, and discusses techniques for segmenting target audiences. The document also highlights the significance of adapting marketing strategies to different audience needs, tackling challenges during implementation, and evaluating outcomes effectively.

1. Workshop 2: Planning Social Marketing Campaigns Dr Stephan Dahl Middlesex University Business School

2. TTP Total Process Planning Scope Develop Implement Evaluate Follow-Up

3. Scoping Finding out & getting started phase: Expectations Review & Challenge Statement Team & Stakeholder Development SWOT & PEST Analysis Existing Knowledge & Assets Review Profiling & Segmentation Behavioural Analysis Competition Analysis Options Review Goals Establishment

4. Development Taking shape stage: Further Stakeholder Analysis Further Behavioural Analysis Intervention & Product Development Communication Development Pre-Testing

5. Implementation Going live phase: Tackling initial responses Dealing with on-going responses Opportunity Spotting Threat Management Continued Stakeholder Engagement Information & Data capture

6. Evaluation Next workshop theme: Impact Evaluation - Outcomes - Outputs Process Evaluation Cost Benefit Analysis

7. Follow-Up Formal Review Stakeholder Review Evaluation Report Next Steps Review/Options Promotion & Exchange

8. TTP Total Process Planning Scope Develop Implement Evaluate Follow-Up

9. Scoping: Team & Stakeholder

10. Segmenting Dividing the market into homogenous (similar customers) groups which are heterogenous (distinct from other groups) “ meaningful population segments”

11. Steps Identification of key variables Prioritising of variables Drawing up of possible segments Prioritising segments Elimination of segments Combination of segments

12. TraditionalSegments Geographic Country, Region, City, Density, Climate… Demographic Age, Gender, Occupation, Education, Religion, Ethnicity, Nationality, Generation… Psychographic Social Class, Personality, Lifestyle… Behavioural Attitude, Occasions, Benefits, User/Non-user, Usage, Loyalty, Readiness

13. Psychographic Variables SM segmentation tends to use more behavioural variables than traditional marketing – though this depends of course! e.g. Transtheoretical Model can be a good segmentation tool!

14. Segment Prioritising Segment Size (How large? Large enough?) Problem Incidence (How big is the problem in the segment?) Problem Severity (Incidence rate etc) Defencelessness (Take care of themselves?) Reachability (Media channels? Other channels?) Responsiveness (How “ready, willing, able”?) Incremental Costs (Cost of behaviour change in segment vs other segments) Organisational Capability (Experience and expertise?)

15. Priority strategies Greatest need first (size, incidence, severity based) Most ready for action (responsiveness based) Easiest to reach Best organisational match

16. Segment derived strategies Undifferentiated/Mass Marketing Wide cross-section of segments (5 a day, seat belts, sun protection) Differentiated Marketing Large scale with priority segments (breast cancer, immunisation etc) Concentrated/Niche Marketing Specialised focus on key segments (HIV prevention for drug users, folic acid for mothers to be)

17. Segmentation Summary Similar strategies to conventional marketing Though often more behaviour/attitude based Sometimes difficult to prioritise, esp. in an outcome driven environment!

18. Behavioural Analysis Analysing behaviour and importantly the motivational factors!! Indicates ways to change behaviour Very theory driven!

19. Some questions to ask What is the perceived consequence of unwanted behaviour? What is the “gain” of doing unwanted behaviour? How susceptible is the target group to these consequences? How severe does the target group perceive these consequences to be? Are there any currently perceived consequences of the behaviour?

20. Behaviour: Exchange Focus What are the perceived rewards for - desired behaviour (long life?) - undesired behaviour (fun?) What are the perceived barriers for desired behaviour – how can they be removed? What are the “costs”?

21. Competition Analysis What behaviour is competing for time/attention with desired behaviour? Who is influencing this competition? What are the choice and consequences (= cost?) Competition can be an organisation, something to do – or doing nothing at all!

22. Make it real! Use exchange & competition analysis to talk about real benefits – not abstract ones e.g. Smoke Alarms wake you up when there is a fire! Not: Smoke Alarms save lives!

23. Scoping Team & Stakeholder Development SWOT & PEST Analysis Existing Knowledge & Assets Review Profiling & Segmentation Behavioural Analysis Competition Analysis Options Review Goals Establishment

24. TTP Total Process Planning Scope Develop Implement Evaluate Follow-Up

25. Design of the offering/brand & Product Core Product : Benefit Actual Product : Desired Behaviour Augmented Product : Tangible Objects & Services

26. Some examples Core Product Actual Product Augmented Product Longer Life Quit Smoking QuitLine Early detection of breast cancer Conduct monthly self exam Instruction card Reduce salmonella poisoning Wash hands and work surfaces thoroughly after handling products Coloured chopping bords Avoidance of electric blackouts Conserve energy Energy saving lightbulbs (light amnesty) Adequate water supply Reduced water consumption Shower pressure reduction device

27. Augmented Product Accompanying services: Counselling services Helplines New/improved/changed current service? Tangible products: Organ Donor Card New/improved/changed product Substitute Products: Non-alcoholic drinks Fat-free milk New/improved/changed product

28. Communication Brand Message

29. Negative or Positive Appeals? Negative = real solution for problem Fear in particular for easy solutions, for unconcerned target audiences can be used for influencers (parents) Positive = good for means of satisfying personal goal or objective Humour effective if a unique approach for issue/if suitable! becomes stale fast not for complex messages

30. The trouble about changing behaviour Be realistic: 50% won’t happen, 5% might! Snyder (2000) report 5-12% for health related campaigns: Twice as likely to take up new behaviour (12%) than change current behaviour (5%) Prevention/screening is around 7%

31. Pitfalls Focus on long-term health benefits rather than short-term consumer benefits Appealing to non-critical values (good-health) rather than core values (freedom, autonomy, control, independence)

32. Pitfalls Supporting message with facts alone where emotional appeals are more effective Using mass media to convey complex messages Developing strategies for different audiences that conflict or send mixed messages Siegel and Doner, 1998

33. Good “Brand”: Ideally Brand=Message=Image Message easier remembered if actionable! Brand & Message: Easy to pronounce, recognise and remember Captures and defines product benefit Defines qualities and appeal of product Distinctive

34. Remember to IMC!! “ a planning process designed to assure that all brand contacts received by a customer or prospect for a product, service, or organisation are relevant to that person and consistent over time.”

35. Remember Integration across all 4 Ps Not just these! All of it, please ! Poster Price Pamphlets Place PSAs Product Publicity Promotion

36. In IMC terms: Customer’s Brand View Customer Service POP Displays Sales Promotion Advertising Distribution Pricing Product Design Other Tools Schulz & Kitchen 2000 N.B.:...many more contact points than shown!

37. In HSM terms? How do we brand our “offering”? Can we in fact brand some “offerings”? How do we achieve brand consistency across multi-agency delivery?

38. IMC suggestion: Brand Audit Parasuraman, et al., 1985 Target Segment: Contact Point Expectation Experience Message sent Positive/ Negative Impact/ Importance Improvement

39. Development Taking shape stage: Further Stakeholder Analysis Further Behavioural Analysis Intervention & Product Development Communication Development Pre-Testing

40. TTP Total Process Planning Scope Develop Implement Evaluate Follow-Up

41. Tackling responses Monitor - Primary audience (target group) - Secondary audience (family, community, media) Adjust where necessary BUT remember to stay on target ! ALSO for new opportunities!

42. Opportunities & Threats Use new opportunities during implementation (e.g supportive research etc...) Monitor for threats during implementation – and prepare to deal with it!

43. Stakeholders Remember to engage the stakeholders: Regular updates Regular engagement Praising & thanking Data capturing

44. Implementation Going live phase: Tackling initial responses Dealing with on-going responses Opportunity Spotting Threat Management Continued Stakeholder Engagement Information & Data capture

45. Remember the NSMC Benchmarks 1. Behavioural goals 2. Consumer research 3. Competition analysis 4. Insight driven 5. Articulated exchange 6. Theory data & evidence 7. Targeting and segmentation 8. Marketing mix

46. Alternative Models May add a few extra steps/pointers

47. PRECEDE-PROCEED P redisposing, R einforcing, and E nabling C onstructs in E ducational/Environmental D iagnosis and E valuation P olicy, R egulatory, and O rganisational C ontructs in E ducational and E nvironmental D evelopment

48. Flow Chart Community engaged? Collect & Analyse data, get consensus, set priorities Engage Community Social goals & objectives Are health objectives clear? Go to 3 Yes Are behav. & environmental causes, objectives clear? Go to 3 Yes A re predispos., enabling, reinforcing factors clear? Go to 4 No Yes Are best practice & resources available? Policies in place? Go to 5 Yes Plan Implementation & Evaluation 1 2 3 4 5 No No No No Yes PROCEED PRECEDE Green & Ottoson, 2006

49. Kotler & Lee: 10 Step Plan Background, Purpose & Focus Situation Analysis Target Audience Selection Objective & Goals Setting Target Audience & Competition Analysis

50. 10 Step Plan (2) Define desired Positioning We want [target audience] to see [desired behaviour] as [descriptive phase] and as more important and beneficial than [competition] Develop Marketing Strategy - Product - Price (Incl. Incentives & Disincentives) - Place (Access) - Promotion (What is said/communicated)

51. 10 Step Plan (3) Evaluation & Monitoring Plan Budget & Funding Sources Implementation Plan