The document explores various social issues including climate change, racism, unemployment, sexual abuse, and animal abuse, emphasizing their causes, effects, and potential solutions. Each section highlights the interconnectedness of these issues and the societal responsibility to address them through awareness and collective action. The conclusion stresses that progress can only be achieved by uniting efforts to combat these problems.

1. SOCIAL STUDIES PROJECT
ON
“SOCIAL ISSUES”
BY: PRAVEEN DHINGRA
CLASS: X-B

2. ALONE WE CAN DO SO LITTLE,
TOGETHER WE CAN DO SO MUCH
-HELEN KELLER

3. CONTENTS
⮚CLIMATE CHANGE
⮚RACISM
⮚UNEMPLOYMENT
⮚SEXUAL ABUSE
⮚ANIMAL ABUSE
⮚CONCLUSION

4. CLIMATE CHANGE

5. Climate change is the global phenomenon of
climate transformation characterized by the
changes in the usual climate of the planet
(regarding temperature, precipitation, and wind)
that are especially caused by human activities. As
a result of unbalancing the weather of Earth,
the sustainability of the planet’s ecosystems is
under threat, as well as the future of humankind
and the estability of the global economy

6. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
HUMAN CAUSES
▪ Climate change can also be caused by human activities, such
as the burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land for
forestry and agriculture. Since the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution, these human influences on the climate system have
increased substantially. In addition to other environmental
impacts, these activities change the land surface and emit
various substances to the atmosphere. These in turn can
influence both the amount of incoming energy and the amount
of outgoing energy and can have both warming and cooling
effects on the climate. The dominant product of fossil fuel
combustion is carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The overall
effect of human activities since the Industrial Revolution has
been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of carbon
dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases.
▪ The build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to
an enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect. It is this
human-induced enhancement of the greenhouse effect that is
of concern because ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases
have the potential to warm the planet to levels that have never
been experienced in the history of human civilization. Such
climate change could have far-reaching and/or unpredictable
environmental, social, and economic consequences.
NATURAL CAUSES
▪ The Earth's climate can be affected by natural
factors that are external to the climate system,
such as changes in volcanic activity, solar
output, and the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Of
these, the two factors relevant on timescales of
contemporary climate change are changes in
volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation.
In terms of the Earth's energy balance, these
factors primarily influence the amount of
incoming energy. Volcanic eruptions are
episodic and have relatively short-term effects
on climate. Changes in solar irradiance have
contributed to climate trends over the past
century but since the Industrial Revolution, the
effect of additions of greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere has been over 50 times that of
changes in the Sun's output.

7. A SHORT VIDEO FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING
WE HAVE A SINGLE
MISSION ;TO PROTECT
AND HAND ON THE
PLANET TO THE NEXT
GENERATION.
-FRANCOIS HOLLANDE

8. STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL CLIMATE CRISIS
⮚ 1. Reduce emissions-Use your car less, whenever possible, instead use sustainable
transportation, such as bicycling, or use public transportation more often. In the case of
long-distance travel, trains are more sustainable than airplanes, which cause a great deal of
the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. If you're into cars, remember that every kilometer that
you increase your speed will considerably increase CO2 emissions and expenses.
⮚ 2. Save energy-Take a look at the labels on your appliances, and never leave them
on standby. Always adjust the thermostat for heating and air conditioning. By being careful
how we use home appliances, we can save energy and, of course, money at the end of the month.
⮚ 3. Put the 3 R's of sustainability into practice- Reduce: consume less, more efficiently.;
Reuse: take advantage of second-hand markets, to give new life to items that you don't use
anymore or find something that someone else has gotten rid of that you need. You'll be saving
money and reducing your consumption. Bartering is also a practical solution.; Recycle: packaging,
waste from electronics, etc.
⮚ 4. Act against forest loss- As far as possible, avoid anything that may be a fire hazard; If
you want to buy wood, choose wood with a certification or seal showing its sustainable origin;
Plant a tree! Throughout its life, it can absorb up to a ton of CO2.

9. RACISM

10. Racism is a belief or doctrine that
inherent differences among the various
human racial groups determine cultural or
individual achievement, usually involving
the idea that one's own race is superior
and has the right to dominate others or
that a particular racial group is inferior
to the others

11. EFFECTS OF RACISM IN OUR DAILY LIFE
▪
Racism causes harm to those who are on the receiving end. It hurts
individuals, communities and our society at large.
Studies show that experiencing racism has profound effects on people’s
health and welfare. The effects can include feelings of sadness and
anger, even anxiety and depression. The regular experience of racism can
lead to people withdrawing from work or study, and diminish their quality
of life.
It can also hurt people’s freedom and dignity. Those who endure racism
can be made to feel they have less freedom, or are second-class citizens.
In a diverse country such as Australia, the effects of racism aren’t
confined to individuals. It has the potential to affect all of us. Racial
hostility creates a society where people don’t trust and respect each
other. It challenges our society’s values of equality and fairness.

12. DARKNESS CANNOT
DRIVE OUT
DARKNESS;ONLY LIGHT
CAN DO THAT.
HATE CANNOT DRIVE OUT
HATE; ONLY LOVE CAN DO
THAT.
-MARTIN LUTHER KING,JR

13. STEPS TO PREVENT RACISM
⮚ Challenge the “colour blind” ideology-It is a pervasive myth that we live in a “post-
racial” society where people “don’t see colour.” Perpetuating a “colour blind”
ideology actually contributes to racism.
⮚ Listen to and amplify Black voices-Pay attention to the voices of people who
experience racism every day. Share their stories with your friends and family.
⮚ Call out bigotry and hate speech-There has been a disturbing increase in hate speech
in the U.S. in recent years. If you see something on social media or in the newspaper
that reflects prejudice, leave a comment or write a letter to the editor to let others
know that intolerant remarks are unkind and uncalled for. If you overhear someone tell
a racist joke, speak up and let them know that stereotyping isn't harmless. Let your
children know they should feel free to speak up as well. There's nothing funny about
using "humour" to normalize dangerous ideas and perpetuate ugly stereotypes.
⮚ Stand up for people being harassed — intervene if it's safe to do so If you see
someone being harassed or physically attacked, it is important to help if you can do so
safely. Make your presence as a witness known. Make eye contact with the person being
attacked and ask if they want support. Don't escalate the situation. When the public
stands in solidarity, bigots lose their power. Verbal and physical abuse is wrong and
should not be tolerated. All people deserve to be treated with dignity and humanity.

14. UNEMPLOYMENT

15. oUnemployment is a term referring to individuals
who are employable and seeking a job but are
unable to find a job. Furthermore, it is those
people in the workforce or pool of people who
are available for work that does not have an
appropriate job. Usually measured by the
unemployment rate, which is dividing the number
of unemployed people by the total number of
people in the workforce, unemployment serves as
one of the indicators of an economy’s status.

16. THE FINAL SOLUTION
OF UNEMPLOYMENT
IS WORK .
-CALVIN COOLIDGE

17. Causes and effects of unemployment
CAUSES
▪ Unemployment is caused by
various reasons that come from
both the demand side, or
employer, and the supply side, or
the worker.
▪ From the demand side, it may be
caused by high interest rates,
global recession, and financial
crisis. From the supply side,
frictional unemployment and
structural employment play a
great role.
▪
EFFECTS
▪ The impact of unemployment can be felt
by both the workers and the national
economy and can create a ripple effect.
▪ Unemployment causes workers to suffer
financial difficulties that may lead to
emotional destruction. When it happens,
consumer spending, which is one of an
economy’s key drivers of growth, goes
down, leading to a recession or even a
depression when left unaddressed.
▪ Unemployment results in lowered
purchasing power, which, in turn, causes
lowered profits for businesses and leads
to budget cuts and workforce
reductions. It creates a cycle that goes
on and on and on. Everyone loses in the
end.

18. SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME UNEMPLOYMENT
▪ 1. The very first solution for the unemployment is to control the rising population of our country.
Government should motivate people to have small families. Indian government has started
initiatives to control the population but still the population is rising.
▪ 2. The quality of Indian education should be improved. The current education system is not upto
the level. Government should keep a strict watch on the education system and try to implement
new ways to generate skilled labour force. Government should select a committee to look after
the schools and universities. The syllabus taught is of no use to the industries so the education
should be as per the current requirements of the industries. Before completing the education a
practical knowledge should be given.
▪ 3. Also today’s youth should join the institute or select the course where proper training is given
and the course is as per the current industries requirements. Take the course as per your
interest and which will bright your future.
▪ 4. Government should encourage and develop the agriculture based industries in rural areas so
that the rural candidates don’t migrate to the urban areas. More employment should be
generated in rural areas for the seasonal unemployment people.
▪ 5. Rapid Industrialization should be created.
▪ 6. Development of the rural areas will stop the migration of the rural people to the urban cities
and this will not put more pressure on the urban city jobs.
▪ 7. Government should allow more foreign companies to open their unit in India, so that more
employment opportunities will be available.

19. SEXUAL ABUSE

20. Sexual abuse is sexual behaviour or a sexual act forced upon a woman, man
or child without their consent. Sexual abuse includes abuse of a woman, man
or child by a man, woman or child.
Sexual abuse is an act of violence which the attacker uses against someone
they perceive as weaker than them. It does not come from an uncontrollable
sex drive, but is a crime committed deliberately with the goal of controlling
and humiliating the victim.
Most victims of sexual violence are women – a fact that reflects their social
stance even today, in the 21st century, as inferior to men. Sexual violence is
another means of oppressing women in a patriarchal society.
Sexual violence is a social phenomenon that exists in every society that
accepts aggressive behaviour and gender inequality, and Israel is among
them. Thousands of women turn to the rape crisis centres for help after an
attack, and the statistics show that 1 in 3 women will be sexually abused
during their lifetime.

21. NEVER BE BULLIED
INTO SILENCE.
NEVER ALLOW
YOURSELF TO BE
MADE A VICTIM. -
HARVEY
FIERSTEIN

22. CAUSES OF SEXUAL ABUSE
There are many different theories explaining the causes of sexual
violence. The theories that will be discussed in this article include :
★ military conquest
★ Socioeconomics
★ Anger
★ Sadism
★ Power
★ Traits
★ Ethical standards
★ Laws
★ Evolutionary pressures
That lend some explanation to the cause of sexual violence (such as
rape , molestation , sexual harassment , stalking , etc.

23. Effects of sexual abuse
★ self harm-Deliberate self-harm, or self-injury, is when a person inflicts physical harm on himself or herself, usually in
secret.
★ Sexually transmitted infections- A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a bacterial or viral infection passed from one
person to another through vaginal, anal, or oral contact.
★ Substance abuse - If you are concerned that you’re using substances in a way that could be harmful to your health or have
concerns for someone you care about, consider learning more about the warning signs and places to find support.
★ Dissociation - Dissociation is one of the many defense mechanisms the brain can use to cope with the trauma of sexual
violence.
★ Panic attacks - A panic attack is a sudden feeling of intense fear and anxiety that happens in situations when there may be
no immediate danger. They tend to affect people who have experienced trauma, abuse, or high levels of stress.
★ Eating disorders- Sexual violence can affect survivors in many ways, including perceptions of the body and feelings of
control.
★ Pregnancy - If you were recently raped, you may have concerns about becoming pregnant from the attack.
★ Sleep disorders- Symptoms of sleep disorders can include trouble falling or staying asleep, sleeping at unusual times of day,
or sleeping for longer or shorter than usual.
★ suicide- Suicide is preventable and suicidal thoughts aren’t permanent. If you are thinking about suicide, there are resources
to give you the support you need to get through this tough time.
★ Adult survivors of child sexual abuse - Many perpetrators of sexual abuse are in a position of trust or responsible for the
child’s care, such as a family member, teacher, clergy member, or coach.

24. Steps to prevent sexual abuse
★Steps You Can Take to Prevent Sexual Abuse - When
you see something that doesn’t seem right, there are
simple ways to step in and help a friend.
★Your Role in Preventing Sexual Abuse - Whether it’s
giving someone a safe ride home from a party or diverting
a person who is engaging in uncomfortable behaviour,
anyone can help prevent sexual violence.

25. Animal abuse

26. Animal abuse has a strong connection to domestic
violence. Victim’s dogs and cats are often used by
abusers as pawns to manipulate and control them. In an
abusive home, a companion animal may serve as a lone
confidant for an abused woman or child and, by abusing
the animal, an abuser takes advantage of the victim’s
concern for his or her animal. Abusers may threaten or
abuse animals in front of children and partners to keep
them from reporting abuse or leaving. By hurting the
animals, an abuser is sending the message that a human
victim could be next.

27. WE HAVE MORE TO
LEARN FROM ANIMAL
THAN ANIMALS HAVE
TO LEARN FROM US.
-ANTHONY
DOUGLAS WILLIAMS

28. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ANIMAL ABUSE
CAUSES
★ Several reasons cause people to be cruel to
animals today. First of all, commercial motives
should be mentioned as the desire to maximize
profit from farming leads to animal exploitation,
such as factory farming. Testing products on
animals is also a step in pursuit of commercial
goals. Entertaining shows with animals, such as
circuses or bullfighting, were initially present in
many cultures. However, the main reason that they
are still present despite the modern-day
awareness is that they bring money.
★ Secondly, ignorance and indifference are the
reasons that mostly cause violence towards pets.
Some people use cruel types of training or
inhumane procedures such as declawing of cats
without knowing that they hurt their pets. Other
people do not care about pets and neglect them.
For example, they can leave a cat or a dog at home
alone for several days without food and water, or
leave them freezing outside at night.
Irresponsible treatment is illegal and should be
punished, but such cases are rarely reported.
EFFECTS
★ Indifference and ignorance of pets can
have disastrous outcomes for them, as in
the result of such treatment, many of
them die, starve or become abandoned.
Children, raised in families where
cruelty to animals is tolerated, have the
perception that it is a norm and are
likely to continue this tradition. As a
result of abandonment, cities are
flooded with stray animals, which
negatively influence the welfare of
residents.

29. SOLUTIONS TO ANIMAL ABUSE
★ Be a responsible pet owner. Know about and fulfil the needs of your pet. Don’t just
concern yourself with basic needs – give your pet positive experiences that really
enhance its well-being.
★ Intervene if you witness animal cruelty, abuse or neglect. Do what you can to stop
someone from mistreating an animal. However, be sensible and don’t put yourself in
danger. If necessary, seek help from other witnesses.
★ Shelter an animal in need. You can be the helping hand that an animal need. An animal
that has been mistreated needs support, sometimes immediately. You can make a real
difference by taking an animal out of a harmful situation.
★ Educate people around you about the issue. Help people to understand that they can
intervene in situations where animals are being neglected or even tormented. Animals
have a right to live without fear or pain, and we have a responsibility to step in if their
rights aren’t respected.
★ Demand stricter laws for the protection of animals. Stronger animal welfare laws and
harsher penalties will lead to fewer cruelty cases. respected.

30. conclusion
▪ Social problems can be solved by
society itself. These issues serve as a
barrier to the progress of society, and
hence we should strive together to end
them. If we do not unite against them,
then these social issues will continue to
rise. It can be solved only by mass
awareness, education, humanity,
and positive attitude.

31. Thank You