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Social exchange for knowledge exchange
This document outlines a presentation on social exchange theory and its application in motivating knowledge sharing, emphasizing its significance in research and corporate environments. It discusses the theoretical framework of exchange theory, the role of actors and resources, and explores both hard and soft rewards as well as exchange conditions for effective knowledge sharing. The document concludes with considerations for future research directions in understanding knowledge sharing dynamics.
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Social exchange for knowledge exchange
- 1. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Hazel Hall Senior Lecturer School of Computing Napier University, Edinburgh h.hall@napier.ac.uk http://www.esis.bim.napier.ac.uk/esis/about_us/hazel.html Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 1 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 2. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Format of the presentation • introduce topic of doctoral research • present theoretical framework for the study • provide short summary of literature reviewed to date Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 2 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 3. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Motivating knowledge sharing: interest in the topic • widely discussed topic • important area for research • priority area for companies • more important than issues related to capture, storage or dissemination of information Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 3 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 4. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Motivating knowledge sharing: suitability for doctoral research • respond to need to understand what motivates knowledge sharing • emphasis on groups of individuals as well as individuals Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 4 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 5. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Theoretical framework: exchange theory • from economics • studies relationships and “exchanges” • assumes rational decisions based on best value, lowest cost Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 5 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 6. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Analytical concepts and assumptions of exchange theories • actors - participants • resources - “currencies” • structures - relationships • processes - interactions, opportunities Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 6 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 7. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Social exchange theory • actors = people (long-term relationships, known parties) • resources = what they value (not information/knowledge) • structures = dependent relationships • processes = interactions, opportunities Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 7 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 8. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Exchange structures Productive Direct Generalised Joint output Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 8 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 9. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Interest in social exchange theory • Anthropology - social cohesion (generalised exchange, gift giving) • Behavioural psychology - learning • Sociology - power relationships, commitment, affective ties Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 9 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 10. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Social exchange theory and knowledge sharing Implied - examples • relationship between job demands and innovative work behaviour • relationships between employers and employees • support of word-of-mouth information flows in marketing Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 10 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 11. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Social exchange theory and knowledge sharing Alluded - examples • Constant et al (1994) - “exchange and expressive theory of information sharing” • limited follow-up of Constant et al’s work • Nahapiet & Ghoshal (1998) - knowledge markets, creating social capital and knowledge capital Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 11 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 12. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Social exchange theory and information science Implied - examples • processes of scholarship • scholarly communication • citation analysis and trust • information sharing across networks • acknowledgements and gift giving Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 12 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 13. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Social exchange for knowledge exchange Incentives • resources: rewards for knowledge sharing where knowledge is a private good • conditions: create moral obligation, where knowledge is a public good NB majority of papers reviewed to date make no reference to social exchange theory Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 13 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 14. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Exchange resources for knowledge sharing: hard rewards • economic rewards, e.g. cash, bonuses • access to information and knowledge • career advancement/security Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 14 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 15. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Exchange resources for knowledge sharing: soft rewards • enhanced reputation • personal satisfaction Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 15 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 16. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Exchange conditions for knowledge sharing • explicit responsibility to knowledge share • experimentation as a legitimate activity • status ignored • communities: shared identity/commitment/obligation to support social interaction • provision of information and communication technologies Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 16 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 17. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Easy to use System Hard to use & useful Rewards & useless Soft Hard Participants Volunteers Conscripts Groupings Teams Individuals Ties Strong Weak Control Loose Tight Status Irrelevant Matters Influence of resources and conditions Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 17 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 18. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Easy to use System Hard to use & useful Rewards & useless Soft Hard Participants Volunteers Conscripts Groupings Teams Individuals Ties Strong Weak Control Loose Tight Status Irrelevant Matters Reading of the literature Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 18 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001
- 19. Social exchange forknowledge exchange Easy to use System Hard to use & useful Rewards & useless Soft Hard Participants Volunteers Conscripts Groupings Teams Individuals Ties Strong Weak Control Loose Tight Status Irrelevant Matters Outcome of PhD research? Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 19 University of Leicester, 10-11 April 2001