The document discusses social defence, which refers to protecting society from crime and deviance through both prevention and rehabilitation efforts. Major areas of social defence include preventing juvenile delinquency, beggary, alcoholism and drug dependence, and supporting prisoner welfare. The Ministry of Home Affairs oversees police and criminal legislation while the Ministry of Welfare addresses programs for at-risk youth, probation, prisons, suppression of human trafficking, and rehabilitation. The National Institute of Social Defence was established to review and develop policies around social defence areas like juvenile justice, prisons, probation, and addiction treatment.

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SOCIAL DEFENCE – ISSUES OF
CONCERN- Dr. R. Shivappa,
University of Mysore

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SOCIAL DEFENCE
 Refers to the protection of society against crime
and deviance.
 It implies not only the protection of crime, but
also the treatment and rehabilitation of offenders
through institutional and non-institutional
services.

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Major areas are
 Prevention of juvenile delinquency
 Beggary prevention
 Prevention of alcoholism and drug dependence
 Prisoners’ welfare
 Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and
Girls.

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 Ministry of Home Affairs deals with Police and
criminal legislations
 Ministry of Welfare is concerned with the
programmes relating to juvenile delinquency,
probation services, welfare services in prisons,
suppression of immoral traffic, after-care services
and correctional training and research.

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JUVENILE JUSTICE
 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)
Act, 2000
 Juvenile: means a person who has not completed
18th year of age.
 Juvenile in conflict with law: means a juvenile
who is alleged to have committed an offence.
 Child in need of care of protection
Child Welfare Committee
Juvenile justice Board.

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Prisoners’ welfare
 Prisons are no longer to be viewed as places of
punishment but as places for reformation.
 Investment on prisons shall be treated as human resource
development as it ultimately aims at raising the quality of
human life, besides protecting society from criminogenic.
 The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 which is in force
throughout except J&K, Nagaland and Sikkim and Union
Territory Lakshadweep is comprehensive in scope,
empowering courts to release on probation, in all suitable
cases.

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National Institute of Social Defence
The Ministry of Home Affairs had set up the Control
Bureau of Correctional Services in 1961 as a follow-up of
the recommendations of the Indian Conference for Social
Work (1951), the eighth Conference of Inspectors General
of Prisons (1952) and the All India Jail Manual Committee
(1957-59).
 Later the Bureau was transformed to Ministry of Welfare.
 1975, the Bureau was reorganised into NISD.
The main objectives include
 Reviewing policies, and programmes in the field of social
defence
 Developing preventive; rehabilitative and curative policies
in the field of social defence

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Contd…
 Reviewing and evaluating the implementation of
social defence policies and programmes.
 Developing and promoting voluntary effort in
social defence.

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Functions
 Undertake research on social defence.
 Compile, process, and analyse statistics on social defence
 To develop, promote, sponsor and undertake
training/orientation programmes in the field of social
defence.
 To advice the Central and the State Governments/Union
Territory Administration on social defence problems.
 To establish liaison with universities, research institutes and
voluntary organisations for appropriate attention to social
defence.
 To organise seminars/conferences/workshops on social
defence.

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Contd…
It is concerned with a wide range of preventive,
correctional, and rehabilitative services in various
areas of social defence, including
 Welfare of Prisoners
 Prison Reform and Administration
 Juvenile Delinquency, Crime, Probation.
 Beggary, Social and Moral Health
 Alcoholism, Gambling, Suicide, Drug Addiction

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Activities of NISD
 Research, evaluation and Statistical Division.
 Training Division – a quarterly journal ‘Social Defence’
 Common Services Facilitates Division -
Deals with financial administration, house keeping
functions. It offers supports services to programmes
being carried out at the Centre and States.
It has a library, documentation services for the benefit of
trainees and teachers in the institute.