The major populations of South America are indigenous red Indians, Europeans, and Africans. The red Indians settled there around 12,000 years ago after migrating from East Asia. In the 1530s, Spain invaded and colonized the continent after Columbus discovered America in 1492. South American society is complexly mixed due to influences from the ancient Mayan and Inca civilizations and later colonial powers like Spain and Portugal. The continent has abundant natural resources including wildlife, fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals. The chief economic activities are agriculture, animal husbandry, industries, fishing, and tourism. Brazil has a PCI of $14,068, lower than Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, and Colombia based on data