South America demo teaching presentation

1. Chapter 9: Section 3:
SOUTH AMERICA
JENEROSE A. COBRADO
History Teacher – Cultural Exchange

2. Unlocking of Difficulties
Direction: Match column A to column B. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the space provided.
1. Some countries in South America
are experiencing brain drain
because all skilled professionals
migrated to the United States. b
2. The Inca tribes used quipu in
keeping financial and historical
records. a
3. In their hierarchical society,
the emperor exercised complete
authority over all classes. c
a. A device made of a
main cord of various
colors & lengths (as
of calculating)
b. Loss of more highly
educated & skilled
workers to other
countries
c. In order or
arrangement by
class
Column A Column B

3. What are some of the
traditions that you
have in the Native
American Culture?

4. Pow-wows
Pow wows began as a
way for nations to come
together to celebrate
success in hunting or
battle. Today, they are
an opportunity to share
tradition and reconnect
to culture and family;
dance plays a big role in
pow wow ceremonies, as
does drum music. The
term “pow wow” comes
from the Narrtick word
for “medicine man,” pau
wau.

5. Frybread
It’s a traditional
food that is found
at pow wows and
around kitchen
tables.

6. Stomp dance
It’s a beloved
traditional dance,
which is almost like
a moving prayer,
bringing together
generations and
uniting the
community.

7. Grape dumplings
It is a traditional
dessert, has a sweet
taste that is
reminiscent of home
for many Native
Americans. They
sound like a delicious
dessert after a big
turkey meal with all
the trimmings.

8. Drum circles
The rhythmic beat of the
drum represents the
heartbeat of Mother
Earth. And, it is believed
that the beating of the
drum is a uniting force,
bringing together
people of different
tribes, as well as uniting
a person’s spirit to their
body and mind. The drum
is treated with high respect
and is considered sacred.
“If you take care of the
drum, it will take care of
you.

9. Smudging
This is a way to offer a
blessing and to
spiritually purify an
area or gathering.

10. Collaborative Activity:4 mins only
Direction: In your group, kindly
paste the cut-out papers to form a
coherent picture. Then, write down
the different countries that you can
find in the picture. Post your output
on the board. And, choose a reporter
to read your work infront.

11. Analysis:
What is the activity all about?
It was all about the
geographical map of South
America with its
corresponding countries on it.

12. Analysis:
How did you perform the
activity? Was there
cooperation among the group
members in answering it?

13. SOUTH AMERICA
South America is the 4th
largest continent in the
world & covers an area of
6.89 million square miles. It
is a home of more than 386
million people. Its
population is shaped by
ethnic diversity, physical
geography, migration &
urban growth.

14. SOUTH AMERICA
The continent is made
up of 12 sovereign
countries: Columbia,
Bolivia, Argentina,
Chile, Peru, Uruguay,
Brazil, Paraguay,
Venezuela, Guyana,
Suriname, and
Ecuador.

15. POLITICAL
MAP

16. REGIONS OF THE REALM
Brazil
Caribbean North
Colombia
Venezuela
Guyana
Suriname
French Guiana
Southern Cone
Argentina
Chile
Uruguay
Paraguay
Andean West
Peru
Ecuador
Bolivia

17. PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT

18. Population Patterns
People
 Indigenous cultures inhabit parts of
the subregions, especially in rural &
remote areas.
 Most indigenous groups, live in the
Andes region of Ecuador, Peru and
Bolivia.
 Enslaved Africans were later
brought as laborers.

19. Population Patterns
People
 European groups came after
gaining independence to wit;
French, Dutch, Italians, &
Germans
 Immigrants from Asia
 In Guyana, about 40% of the
population is of East Indian
descent, Chinese descent in Peru,
Japanese descent in Brazil,
Argentina, and Peru

20. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
&
COLONIAL DOMAINS

21. Population Patterns
Density and Distribution
 Most of South Americans live
on continent’s edges, an area
sometimes called the “
population rim.”
 Coastal regions provide
favorable climates, fertile land,
and easy access to
transportation systems.

22. Population Patterns
Density and Distribution
 In 1960, the Brazilian government
moved its capital from the coastal Rio
de Janeiro to Brasilia, a planned city
built in the country’s interior.
 South American countries, with their
relatively large land areas, tend to
have low population densities. Here
are the data that follow:
 Ecuador – an average of 127 people
per square mile (49 per sq. km.)

23. Population Patterns
Density and Distribution
 Brazil – has a population of more than
19.5 million with an average population
density of only 59 people per square
mile (23 per sq. km.)
 Many people left South America in
search for better wages & living
conditions & desire to escape the
violence of civil war.
 Brain drain – the loss of their more
highly educated and skilled workers to
other countries.

24. Population Patterns
Urban Challenges
 Sao Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro in Brazil and
Buenos Aires in
Argentina, rank among
the world’s largest
urban areas in
population.

25. Population Patterns
Urban Challenges
 Major challenges in
megacities continue to
be housing,
employment,
maintaining
infrastructure, crime &
traffic.

26. Population Patterns
Urban Challenges
 Favelas or slums –
located in the outskirt of
the city where poor
families live while in
contrast, the city’s
wealthiest neighborhood
where houses are
hidden behind gates or
walls.

27. History and Government
Indigenous civilizations,
colonization, independence and
authoritarian rule have
influenced South America’s
history and government.
Native Americans and
Europeans contributed to
South America’s history and
government.

28. HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Early Culture
 Moche, Mapuche,
Aymara – were the
early indigenous
groups, developed
societies that were
based primarily on
agriculture.
 Inca – established a
highly civilization in
the Andes. And they
built their capital in
Cuzco which is now
known as Peru.

29. HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Early Culture
 Tawantinsuyu –
another term for empire
which means “ the land
of the four quarters”.
 Transportation networks
and integration efforts
were most impressive.
 Quipu – series of
knotted cords of various
color & lengths that the
Incas were using in
keeping their financial &
historical records.

30. HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Independence
Columbia – has been fighting a conflict
with paramilitary & insurgent groups
for 40 years. The groups are too weak
& unpopular to pose a threat to the
government but control portions of
the countryside.
Peru – was ruled by the military for 12
years until 1980.
- civilian government faced
insurrections until President Fujimori
economic reforms in the 1990s.

31. HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Independence
Bolivia – gained independence from
Spain in 1825 – 1982, the government
was overthrown nearly 200 times. Since
1982, Bolivia has been mostly
democratic.
Brazil – gained its independence without
a violent upheaval.
Suriname – did not gain independence
from the Netherlands until 1975.
French Guyana – remains a part of
France today.

32. MOVEMENT FOR CHANGE
South Americans have expressed their
demands for change through their
right to vote.
Evo Morales, an Aymara Indian,
was being elected in Bolivia, as their
1st indigenous president.

33. CULTURE
The culture of South America
has been influenced by the
arts, traditions, & beliefs of
indigenous peoples,
Europeans, and Africans. Many
South Americans are also
bilingual.

34. Language & Religion
- European languages blended with
Native American languages to form
completely new languages.
- Native American languages are still
spoken today in South America
- Majority of South Americans are
Roman Catholic, but tens of
millions of people practiced mixed
religions.

35. Education and Health Care
- Education varies greatly
throughout South America.
- Health concerns linked to poverty,
lack of sanitation, infectious
diseases, and malnutrition,
however, continue to exist in the
rural or more remote areas of
South America even in slum areas
in the overcrowded favelas.

36. The Arts
-Traditional arts and
crafts are weaving,
ceramics, and
metalworking

37. The Arts
- Musical traditions are mixed
with Native American,
African, and European
influences to create unique
styles, including the Brazilian
samba & Argentine tango.

38. The Arts
- Spanish art forms inspired
painting & architecture in
South America, their
architectural style was often
enlivened by colors & details
added by Native American
and African artists.

39. Family and Leisure
- The family is more likely to have
a nuclear household ---- father,
mother, and dependent children
rather than an extended family.
- Compadre system is
being valued

40. Family and Leisure
- People are very passionate
about soccer. Other popular
sports are polo, auto racing,
tennis, boxing & basketball.
- Social life & leisure time revolve
around family visits, patriotic
events, religious feast days, and
festivals.

41. Family and Leisure
- Carnival is celebrated in a
week before the Roman
Catholic observance of
Lent, a 40-day period of
fasting & prayer before
Easter.

42. Generalization:
What has caused the population
of South America to become
disproportionately urban?

43. Application: Group Activity on
Map Labeling
Direction: Paste the correct name of
the country with its capital to the
unlabelled map of the South
American continent. Do these in 5
minutes only. The group that can do
it correctly will have an incentive of
30 points.

44. Assignment:
Choose at least 1 tradition or belief
of the Native Americans being
practiced in our community. And
make a one-paragraph descriptive
narrative about it. Write it in a
clean sheet of paper.