SOC2002 Lecture 6
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This document provides guidance on collecting and using secondary data for social research. It discusses factors to consider such as who originally collected the data and for what purpose, and how to evaluate the reliability and validity of secondary sources. The document recommends checking available secondary data sources through the Economic and Social Data Service and outlines some key UK datasets. It also covers practicalities of accessing secondary data like procedures, delivery formats, and ethical responsibilities of data storage.
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![SOC2002: Sociological Analysis and Research Methods LECTURE 6: Data Collection (2) Secondary data Lecturer: Bonnie Green [email_address]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/soc2002-lecture-6-1210410864073378-8/85/SOC2002-Lecture-6-1-320.jpg)
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Why SurveySurvey research is primarily used to gather data From either participants in a systemOr consumers of a program / policy (citizens) Could be consumers of a productThat either do not exist or are available in another form
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Types of Data Typically Collected by SurveyIndicator VariablesDemographic, geographic, organizational affiliation Open-ended QuestionsNo structure on the answer “Why does…”Likert-type QuestionsProvide a statementAsk for their agreement or disagreement on scale 1-51 = strongly agree2 = agree3 = neutral4 = disagree5 = strongly disagree
More Types of Data Typically Collected by SurveyGrouped Data Questions (categories are provided)Example, when asking income or age$15,000 – 30,000 / 18-25 years old$30,000 – 45,000 / 26 - 40Single and Multiple Response Questions“Check a box”“Mark all that apply” Continuous Data QuestionsBest, most versatile, kind of data to haveUsually hard to collect with a survey (age is easy example)
Techniques for Data Collection Using SurveysEmbedded experimentsEmbedding “tests” within your surveyValidity and Bias Tests You can increase validity by:Using established questions Use multiple measure of your “construct” (internal validity)Beta-test the question
Important Issues to Consider When Employing SurveysQuestion Location“Hard” questions later in the surveySurvey MediumsIn-person: very time consuming Telephone: once the standard, still done, less so Mail: expensive Electronic: becoming more and more common IncentivesGift cards “bribes”
Strengths of Survey DataSpeed of data captureCapturing data otherwise not availableGenerating “bridging” data to enhance the value of existing data
Weaknesses of Survey Data CollectionResponse Rates25% still ok for validityItem NonresponseRespondents “skip” a question AttritionIf you are collecting surveys overtime (longitudinal data), sometimes people move, die, etc. Test Effect
Chapter 12:
Coding and Data DisplayOverview: Basics of Data AnalysisCodingApproaches to D ...
Economics Class 11 Model Paper Study Well
This document provides an introduction to statistics and data collection methods. It discusses key concepts such as:
1. The difference between economic and non-economic activities, and definitions of common economic roles like consumers, producers, service holders and service providers.
2. The stages of collecting statistical data, including primary and secondary sources, methods of collecting primary data, and the differences between primary and secondary data.
3. Methods of organizing raw data through classification, frequency distributions, and other statistical techniques. Common approaches to presenting organized data are also outlined, including tables, diagrams and graphs.
4. Sampling methods like census surveys and sample surveys are introduced, along with the differences between them. Key organizations involved in
Adler clark 4e ppt 12
Martinez and Lee used available data collected by others to compare immigrant homicides in Miami without identifying individuals, avoiding ecological fallacy. Their unit of analysis was the individual. Available data includes existing statistics with aggregates as the unit, secondary data from surveys with individuals as the unit, and physical traces like garbage, which are unobtrusive. While available, inexpensive and saving resources, available data risks unreliability and underreporting.
Finding statistics2
This document provides strategies and resources for finding statistics and data for research. It discusses the differences between data and statistics, and examples of types of statistics such as point-in-time measurements, time series, and geographic areas. Sources of statistics mentioned include static tables, databases, and poll data from organizations like Gallup. The document recommends strategies like searching indexes, statistics databases, and library guides, as well as mining the references of relevant secondary sources.
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More from Bonnie Green
SOC2002 Lecture 11
The document discusses various techniques for quantitative data analysis, including descriptive analysis, exploratory analysis, and statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis involves frequency tables, charts, and summary statistics to describe individual and groups of variables. Exploratory analysis examines relationships between two or more variables using cross-tabulations and correlations. Statistical analysis tests for significant relationships using techniques like chi-squared tests, t-tests, and regression analysis. The remainder of the document provides examples and explanations of these analytical methods.
SOC2002 Lecture 1
This document provides an introduction and overview for a sociology course on social research methods. It introduces the lecturer, Bonnie Green, and outlines that the course will balance theory and practical skills to prepare students for final year dissertation projects and future careers in social research. The course overview explains that semester 1 will include lectures, seminars, and optional sessions, while semester 2 will involve independent project work and practical workshops. Assessment includes individual and group components involving project plans, proposals, reports and presentations across the two semesters.
SOC2002 Lecture 7
The document discusses two types of sampling methods: statistical sampling and purposive sampling. Statistical sampling aims for a representative sample in order to generalize conclusions to the overall population, using random selection when possible. Purposive sampling is used when the population is unknown, with the goal of maximizing internal variability within the sample through systematic selection. Both approaches are used to characterize a whole population based on a subset of samples.
SOC2002 Lecture 3
The document discusses steps in the social research process, including moving from a research question to research design. It covers choosing indicators to measure concepts, and planning the project by breaking it into phases and using a Gantt chart to manage timelines and resources. Philosophy influences research design and outcomes, so researchers should reflect on their assumptions. Overall planning and defining indicators are important for effective research design.
SOC2002 Lecture 5
This document discusses data collection methods for sociological research, focusing on surveys and questionnaires. It explains that the choice of data collection method depends on the research question, objectives, and advantages/disadvantages of different techniques. Surveys and questionnaires are described as a common way to collect quantitative data. Key aspects of survey design discussed include question structure, layout, question wording, and delivery methods.
SOC2002 Lecture 4
This document discusses ethics and quality in social research. It covers the importance of adhering to ethical guidelines to protect participants and gain approval. It also outlines key quality criteria for quantitative research like reliability and validity, and for qualitative research like thick description and transparency. Students are advised to consider ethics and quality criteria early in research design.
SOC2002 Lecture 10
Ethnography involves participating in a community over an extended period of time to understand some aspect of it. It uses participant observation to watch, listen, and ask questions, collecting various types of data. Practical considerations of participant observation include gaining access to the field, recording data through notes and audio/visual methods, managing subjectivity, and exiting the field while validating findings with participants.
SOC2002 Lecture 13
The document discusses methods for analyzing visual data and qualitative data using computer software. It describes using NVivo 7 to code data, create nodes, browse coded text, and run queries to identify patterns. Visual analysis methods like content analysis and semiotics are also covered, focusing on documenting, interpreting representations and meanings in visual materials.
SOC2002 Lecture 12
The document discusses two methods of documentary analysis: content analysis and thematic analysis. Content analysis involves systematically coding observable content in documents using a coding frame with codes, categories, and code values. Thematic analysis codes underlying themes in interview or open-question data. The document demonstrates thematic analysis in NVivo 7, a qualitative data analysis software, including creating nodes, coding text, and browsing coded text.
SOC2002 Lecture 9
This document discusses qualitative interviews and focus groups for data collection in sociological research. It defines qualitative interviews and describes types such as semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Focus groups are compared to individual interviews. Practical aspects of preparing for, conducting, and recording interviews and focus groups are covered, including developing topic guides and moderator techniques. References for further reading on specific interview techniques are also provided.
SOC2002 Lecture 2
1) The document discusses the process of social research, from selecting a topic to developing a research question and designing the study.
2) It emphasizes that research is a systematic, evidence-based process used to build knowledge about the social world.
3) The key steps discussed are selecting a topic, conducting a literature review to help refine the topic into a research question, and then designing a study to answer the research question.
SOC2002 Lecture 8
This document discusses writing and presenting project proposals. It provides guidance on what should be included in a formal project proposal, such as the research question, literature review, methodology, limitations, and consent procedures. It also compares the differences between verbal and written presentations of project proposals. Verbal presentations should be shorter in length, focus on key points, and use visual aids effectively. Written proposals allow for more depth and detail over approximately 1500 words. Assessment criteria also differ between the two formats.
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SOC2002 Lecture 6
- 1. SOC2002: Sociological Analysis and Research Methods LECTURE 6: Data Collection (2) Secondary data Lecturer: Bonnie Green [email_address]
- 2. The research process: today… Reporting Topic/Object 1 2 3 4 5 6 LECTURES 5, 6, 7, 9 & 10 Research question Research design Data collection Data analysis Interpretation Literature review, and/or field reconnaissance Choosing indicators & Project Planning Ethics Quality