This document contains discussion questions and prompts related to the topics of socialization, peer influence, and child development. It addresses Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, agents of socialization, the development of self-regulation skills, gender roles, and motivating children intrinsically. Teachers and students are prompted to discuss topics like how a child's environment shapes their development, the impact of technology and social media, parenting strategies to promote self-regulation, and guiding children's relationships with peers in a positive way.

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This file of SOC 312 Week 4 Discussion 1 Influence of Peers
contains:
The influence of peers during childhood can have a long-lasting
effect on a person throughout their life. Review the
Summary of Characteristics of Children Accepted vs.
Neglected/Rejected by Peers table (pg 299). Discuss three
ways in which adults can intervene to aid in the improvement
of a child
Sociology - General Sociology
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model . Your text uses
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model to explain how children's
development is affected by different groups within their
world. Using this theory, we can understand how children are
socialized both intentionally and unintentionally. You must
understand how this theory applies to your own upbringing
as well as a young child's upbringing in order to truly
comprehend the concept. After reading the text and the
“Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory” article, use
your understanding of this theory to respond to the
questions below.
Using Bronbenbrenner's ecological model, respond to the
following questions:
a. How did the microsystem that you grew up in differ from
your parents’ or grandparents’ microsystems? Do you think
this is a detrimental or an affirmative change to society as a

2. whole?
b. How do you think technology, specifically social media,
influences a child's mesosystems?
Agents of Socialization . Agents of socialization include
parents, siblings, extended family, community, culture,
economic environment, religion, child care, school, teachers,
peers, formal organizations, sports, mass media, and
technology. In an ideal world, these agents would
complement one another in order to best influence a child's
development. Choose three of the above agents and discuss
how these agents can have both a positive and negative
influence on a child's development. Include examples from
your own experience and share ways that you believe the
agents of socialization could be improved.
Socialization. If you could change any of the major agents of
socialization in your own upbringing, what would you change
and why? Do you think this change would have altered the
course of your life? If so, why? If not, why not?
The Theory of Mind . Watch the following short film, theory
of mind.mov , which demonstrates the theory of mind using
a juice box experiment.
At around four years of age, a fundamental change occurs in
children’s understanding of others’ behaviors or what is also
called theory of mind . Using your knowledge from our
readings, watch the video to determine which stage both
Jacob and Patrick are currently in respectively.
Discuss both Jacob’s and Patrick's reaction to the "mean
monkey." What stage would Erickson say each child is in?
How do these different stages influence their values and
attitudes? Do you think it is possible for a child over the age
of three to have trouble understanding that his or her beliefs

3. can be false? Explain your reasoning
Self-Regulation . Regardless of a child’s unique qualities, one
thing remains the same; to improve learning and behavior,
children must develop strong self-regulation skills. Read the
article from the National Association for the Education of
Young Children (NAEYC), “Developing Young Children’s Self-
Regulation Through Everyday Experiences.”
The marshmallow experiment is a famous test conducted by
Walter Mischel at Stanford University and discussed by
Daniel Goleman in his popular work. In the 1960s, a group of
four-year-olds were given a marshmallow and promised
another only if they could wait 20 minutes before eating the
first one. Some children could wait and others could not. The
researchers then followed the progress of each child into
adolescence, and demonstrated that those with the ability to
wait were better adjusted and more dependable (determined
via surveys of their parents and teachers), and scored an
average of 210 points higher on the Scholastic Aptitude Test.
Watch the video, The Marshmallow Test.
Reflect on the information in the NAEYC article, the video,
and your text and explain how toddlers with better self-regulation
skills are less likely to demonstrate behavior
problems in preschool. Explain why these self-regulation
skills are so important and how you will promote the learning
of self-regulation. How will you deliberately teach self-regulation
as part of everyday experience? Share an example
of your own self-regulation skills that you can model for
others.
Gender Issues . Consider the anecdote of "Elena" in your text
book. Obviously, Elena's mother prefers that her daughter
participates in more feminine activities. What is your

4. opinion? Do you think that young children should be guided
toward gender specific toys? Why or why not?
Influence of Peers . The influence of peers during childhood
can have a long-lasting effect on a person throughout his or
her life. Describe at least three different ways in which
teachers and/or parents can intervene to help improve a
child's social skills and relationship with peers. (Keep in mind
that it is the adult's responsibility to enhance a relationship
with peers, rather than be the relationship.)
Use the information from your text to complete a graphic
organizer that provides a succinct summary of your
suggestions for parents/educators. In addition, give a short
explanation of why these suggestions will encourage positive
peer relationships. You must use at least two scholarly
sources other than the textbook and required readings to
support your suggestions.
You may download the Inspiration9 30-Day Trial or use an
application of your own to create a graphic organizer. Be sure
to upload all necessary links, images, and/or text onto a
Word document. Instructions for downloading Inspiration9
and exporting to Word can be found in the online course.
Criteria:
Your creation must be one page using the graphic organizer
of your choice. In addition, you must create a title page and
reference page formatted according to APA style as outlined
in the Ashford Writing Center.
Motivators . Imagine that you are a preschool teacher.
Describe a situation in which you would use an extrinsic
reward to motivate a preschooler. Discuss how these
motivators could result in learned helplessness. Now, give
examples and explain how you can lead the same child to

5. achieve intrinsic motivation by becoming his or her own locus
of control. Keep in mind that your end goal is for the child to
be intrinsically motivated so that he or she has ownership of
the behavior.
Control . The role of the microsystem in shaping children’s
effortful control is important and parents play a critical role.
After reading the text and viewing the “Life at 3: Bad
Behavior” video, address the
following:
a. What would you recommend to a parent who asks you
what he or she can do to promote his or her preschool child’s
self-regulation skills?
b. Now turning to the mesosystem, identify examples of
influences on the child's effortful ...
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