This document discusses several sociological theories and concepts: 1. Functionalism views all aspects of society as serving a purpose for stability and consensus. Conflict theory sees society as shaped by competition and the oppression of the wealthy ruling class. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how people interact through shared symbols and meanings. 2. Social contract theory proposes that individuals consent to a governing authority in exchange for order and protection of rights. If the governing power breaks the contract, people have a right to overthrow it and institute a new system of government. 3. Key concepts of democracy include the fundamental worth of individuals, equality, majority rule balanced with minority rights, and the necessity of compromise and individual freedom. People have a right