In computer programming and software testing, smoke testing (also confidence testing or sanity testing) is preliminary testing to reveal simple failures severe enough to (for example) reject a prospective software release.

1. Smoke Testing

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8. Smoke Testing

9. What is Smoke Testing?
Smoke testing (also confidence testing, sanity testing) is the preliminary testing to
reveal simple failures severe enough to (for example) reject a prospective software
release.
A smoke tester will select and run a subset of test cases that cover the most
important functionality of a component or system, to ascertain if crucial functions of
the software work correctly.
A smoke test may address basic questions like “Does the program run?”, “Does it
open a window?”, or “Does clicking the main button do anything?” The process of
smoke testing aims to determine whether the application is so badly broken as to
make further immediate testing unnecessary. [1]

10. What is Smoke Testing?
Smoke tests frequently run quickly, often in the order of a few minutes, giving the
benefit of quicker feedback and faster turnaround than the running of full test suites,
which can take hours, or even days. [1]
The term ‘Smoke Testing’ came from the hardware testing, where the initial pass is
done to check if it did not catch a fire or smoked in the initial switch on. [2]
Smoke Testing is generally done by the QA team but in certain situations, can be
done by the development team. In that case the development team checks the
stability of the build and deploy to QA only if the build is stable. [3]
Smoke testing performed on a particular build is also known as a build verification
test (BVT). the focus of the testing is the verification of the crucial functionality and
not on the finer details. We touch all areas of application without going into deep.
Smoke Testing has a great importance in Agile. We have frequent build deployments
which need to perform the smoke tests before performing the detailed testing. One
feature/functionality is implemented or some issues are fixed and then new build is
deployed to the QA environment to know if the new build is stable and functionality is
implemented correctly. [5]

11. Scope Definition
1. When Smoke testing is performed immediately after the build deployment. This is
the first testing done on the build. First smoke testing is performed followed by
other testing like functional testing (newly added features), regression testing and
user acceptance testing etc. It is a preliminary testing.
2. Where Smoke testing is generally done by the QA team in QA environment as
criteria of accepting the build but in certain cases, it can be performed by
development team.
3. How The focus of smoke testing is to perform end-to-end testing of the build without
going in finer details of the modules. This is high level testing. We simply navigate
the different application flows from start to end without testing the details of the
individual modules. Here we just try to touch all the parts of the application. [5]

12. Smoke Testing Techniques
Manual Approach: Test cases are run manually. Manual approach is mainly used
where the product is developed from the scratch and is unstable. Since during each
development cycle new features or functionality are added to the product so using
automation for this scenario will be very costly affair. This is because a lot of effort
will be required on each build to maintain the scripts. So for a new and unstable
product, it is better to use the manual approach.
Automation Approach: Test cases are automated and run with the help of automation
tools. In some cases the smoke scripts can be integrated with the automated build
creation tools like Jenkins so that whenever a new build is deployed, the smoke suite
automatically start execution without manual intervention and without wasting any
time. Automated smoke test cases are used in those environments where the product
has become stable or product is the customization of some base product. [5]

13. Why implement Smoke Testing?
Minimizes integration risk. One of the greatest risks that a team project faces is that,
when the different team members combine or “integrate” the code they have been
working on separately, the resulting composite code does not work well. Depending
on how late in the project the incompatibility is discovered, debugging might take
longer than it would have if integration had occurred earlier, program interfaces
might have to be changed, or major parts of the system might have to be
redesigned and reimplemented.
Reduces the risk of low quality. Related to the risk of unsuccessful or problematic
integration is the risk of low quality. By minimally smoke-testing all the code daily,
quality problems are prevented from taking control of the project. You bring the
system to a known, good state, and then you keep it there.
Uncover major problems. A good designed smoke test can increase the probability of
finding a major problem when software is built early in the cycle. It also uncovers
defects not related to coding but that arise because of wrong or incomplete setup or
configuration; such as database, server, firewall, application parameters etc. Thus you
catch defects earlier in the cycle.
Save time and cost. If a major problem is detected at an earlier stage, it can save
huge time and cost than if the same error was discovered late in the cycle. [4]

14. How to implement Smoke Testing?
To implement smoke testing, the testing team will develop a set of test cases that
are run any time a new release is provided from the development team. These set
of test cases are used to test the major functional areas of the system. They are
not nit-picky test cases that test low-level detail of the application; they are
higher level test cases that test overall functionality. It will be more productive
and efficient if the smoke test suite is automated or it can be a combination of
manual and automated testing. [4]

15. How to implement Smoke Testing?
Identify Smoke Test Cases: We need to identify the minimum number of test cases,
to cover the crucial functionality of the product so that they could be executed in
least amount of time. This is a very important step of the smoke testing. If we create
large set of smoke test cases then it may take more time in execution and if we
create small set of smoke test cases then it may not be effective in covering the
crucial functionality.
Create Smoke Test Cases: Once the smoke test cases have been identified, the next
step is to create test cases. We write smoke test cases and automate them if
required. However, it’s not always possible to automate the smoke test cases.
Run and Analyze the Results: Once the smoke test cases are ready then
whenever there is a new build, smoke is run on the build and results are
analyzed to take the decision of accepting or rejecting the build.
Maintenance: Maintenance is used to maintain the value of smoke test cases
over the period of time. Whenever new crucial functionality is added, we need
to create new smoke test cases. Similarly whenever there are changes which
affect the smoke scripts, we have to fix them. [5]

16. References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_testing_(software)
[2] http://www.softwaretestingclass.com/smoke-testing/
[3] http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0214/ijsrp-p2663.pdf
[4] http://www.mindlance.com/documents/test_management/
smoke_testing_a_necessary_evil!.pdf
[5] http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0214/ijsrp-p2663.pdf

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