One Day on Earth Interactive Lesson #4

Lesson 4: Shooting Fundamentals


Composition is the spatial arrangement
of visual elements in a work of art.


Composition is the
spatial arrangement of visual elements
in a work of art.


Composition
is the spatial arrangement of visual elements in a work of art.


Composition
Exercise:

Arrange a round object, a square object and two
long objects a create an interesting photographic
or video composition with them.


Composition
Exercise:


Composition
Exercise:

Find a curved object and do the same.


Composition
Exercise:

Find a curved object and do the same.
Now ﬁnd two lines that intersect and
create a composition with them.


Look at the horizon, and try different ways of dividing the space.


Framing
is the act of creating
a boundary between
what the ﬁlmmaker
chooses to show the
audience, and what
happens beyond the
view of the camera.
!

Paying close
attention to your
framing allows you
to create a more
pleasing image,
while keeping the
focus on the subject.


Framing can add depth to the image,
give context, and add information to
the picture.

Terry
Henderson


Terry
Henderson

Sometimes a natural frame can be
found within the environment you
are shooting, such as trees, clouds, a
tunnel or an archway.


Rule of Thirds

The rule of thirds is a compositional
guideline that states that an image
should be thought of as divided into nine
equal parts...


Rule of Thirds

...by two equally-spaced
horizontal lines and two
equally-spaced vertical lines.


Important compositional
elements, or the subject
of the image, should be
placed along these lines,
or at their intersections.

Rule of Thirds


©
Peter
Beier
Lorenzen
/
Alamy


Camera
dddd perspective
!

can be thought of as the point from which
the photo or the ﬁlm is being shot in
relation to the subject that you are shooting.
Neutral
Angle

High
Angle

Jennifer
Serchia


Camera
dddd perspective
!

This
s
t thought of as are
point from which
can ibehe
place
that
you
the choosing
to
view
your

subject
from.
This
can
also
be
referred
to
as
camera

the photo or the ﬁlm is being shot in
angle;
you
can
use
a
low
angle,
a
high
angle,
or
an

relation to the subject that you are shooting.
overhead
angle
to
name
a
few.
Neutral
Angle

High
Angle

Jennifer
Serchia


a

shot is a continuous series of frames,
running for an uninterrupted period of time,
and coming from one camera.


a

shot is a continuous series of frames,
running for an uninterrupted period of time,
and coming from one camera.

TIP: When you ﬁnd a shot that you like, hold on it for 10 or more
seconds. This increases the the chance of capturing an interesting action
and will also give you more footage to work with, making editing easier.


a

master
shot shows the full scene and places the
subject in relationship to its surroundings. It is
the widest view of the scene.

Anto
Motulz


a

medium

shot falls between a wide shot and a close-

up shot, andsubject in relationship to its surroundings. It is
can cover the full subject or part of the subject
in orderthe draw attentionthe a speciﬁc area or action.
to widest view of to scene.

Gina
Nemirofsky


in a

close-up

shot

the subject framed by the camera
ddddddddddddd generally ﬁlls theto its surroundings. It is
subject in relationship entire screen.
te widest view of the scene.

Richard
Clark


an

extreme close-up

shot shows a fragment of a subject. It is a

way to signify the in relationship to its surroundings. It is
subject importance of an object, the movement
of a body widestor an actionscene. place in a scene.
the part, view of the taking

Tristan
Bayer


What camera will I use?

You, or people you know, may have a camera
that you can use on your ﬁlming date.
!
!


!
!

It is important that you get to know how to
use this camera before you ﬁlm. Please take
out your cameras and investigate them.


Here’s a list of questions that you
can answer about your camera to
help you better understand what it
can do and how best to use it:
!


1) Does your camera have the following?
On/Off button


On/Off button

Start/Stop button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button

Tape Dock or Card Dock


On/Off button
Start/Stop button

LCD screen or viewﬁnder


On/Off button
Start/Stop button

Record button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button

Menu Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button

White Balance Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button

Exposure Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button
Exposure Button

Display Button


On/Off button

Zoom Button or Knob

Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button
Exposure Button
Display Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button

Zoom Button or Knob

Focus Button or Knob

Record button
Menu Button
Exposure Button
Display Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button

Zoom Button or Knob

Microphone Jack

Record button
Menu Button
Exposure Button
Display Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button

Zoom Button or Knob
Microphone Jack

Headphone Jack

Record button
Menu Button
Exposure Button
Display Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button

Zoom Button or Knob
Microphone Jack
Headphone Jack

Battery

Exposure Button
Display Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button

Zoom Button or Knob
Microphone Jack
Headphone Jack
Battery

AC adaptor/Power cord

Exposure Button
Display Button


On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button
Exposure Button

Zoom Button or Knob
Microphone Jack
Headphone Jack
Battery

Lens Cap

Display Button


Journal: Make a list of anything you ﬁnd on the camera that’s
not on the list. Next to the name, write what you think it’s for.
On/Off button
Start/Stop button
Record button
Menu Button
Exposure Button

Zoom Button or Knob
Microphone Jack
Headphone Jack
Battery
Lens Cap

Display Button


Experiment with your camera:

Zoom

Dave
ShaLuck

Certain lenses are designed in such a way that their focal lengths can
be changed, making subjects appear closer (zoom in) or farther away
(zoom out).


Zoom

Dave
ShaLuck

Generally this is a sliding button on a video camera, a button or
manual adjustment on your SLR camera.


Zoom

Dave
ShaLuck

Exercise:
Turn your camera on and point it at a subject. Find your zoom
button or knob and push it, watch as your camera zooms in and
out.


Focus

Tristan
Bayer



Focus

Tristan
Bayer

Your lens can be adjusted to make an image distinct and clear by
shifting the distance of the lens from the subject.


Focus

Tristan
Bayer

A subject that is in focus will have sharp, crisp edges. A subject that
is out of focus will be blurry.


AutoFocus

Auto focus allows the camera to automatically adjust the
focus for you.



ManualFocus

Manual focus allows the user to adjust focus. When
working with shifting light or off-center compositions,
manual focus is best.


Exercise:
Point your camera at a subject, zoom in
as close as you can, and then focus
manually by adjusting with your manual
focus button or knob. Zoom back out
and everything should look sharp and in
focus. This is called critical focus.
!



White Balance

To make sure that your footage best matches the
real life light and colors of your subject, you
must set the white balance on your camera.



White Balance

White Balance adjusts the sensor in your camera to
perceive light from different sources the way your eye
perceives those colors.



White Balance

Daylight:

Bernard
M
Lynch
Jr:
OrangeMercury.com

White Balance adjusts the the sensor in your camera
to perceive light from different sources the way your
eye perceives those colors...


White Balance

Fluorescent:

Noemi
Preiswerk



White Balance

Tungsten:

Javier
Pistani



Exposure

Exposure is a term that refers to the total amount of light that is allowed
to fall on the image sensor during the process of taking a photograph or
video.



Exposure

The purpose of adjusting exposure is to control the
brightness and the darkness of the image.



Exposure

Underexposed

Properly Exposed

Overexposed

Jennifer
Serchia



Sound

Sound
is
an
important
element
in
your
video.
Most

video
cameras
have
built
in
microphones.
For
be<er

sound,
you
can
plug
a
external
microphone
into
your

camera’s
audio
jack.



Sound

Exercise:
Find out what sound options your camera has. Does your
camera have levels? If it does, adjust for sound levels. Red is
the peak, and if it sounds distorted the levels are set too high.


Tripod

!

A tripod is a three-legged stand
used to provide the stability to hold
a camera.



Handheld

!

If you don’t have a tripod, then you
will be shooting handheld footage.



Handheld

Exercise:
Try holding the camera and moving around with it.
How can you best stabilize the camera so that the
image appears still? How can you give your shot a
smooth ﬂoating quality? Try to hold the camera still
and focused on one point for 10 seconds.



Panning and Tilting

Panning
refers
to
the
horizontal
rotaAon
of
a
camera
that
changes
the
ﬁeld
of
view

from
side
to
side.

This
is
usually
done
with
the
aid
of
a
tripod.


Panning and Tilting

Tilt
refers
to
the
verAcal
rotaAon
of
a
staAonary
camera
that
changes
the
ﬁeld
of

view
along
a
front
to
back
access.

Journal:
What kind of coverage do you need for
the topic you have chosen to ﬁlm? How
many cameras will you use? What type of
shots will you use to cover the topic?


One Day on Earth Interactive Lesson #4

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One Day on Earth Interactive Lesson #4