The document discusses the history of moving images from early optical devices like the camera obscura and zoetrope to modern technologies like film, video, and digital cameras. It explains how persistence of vision creates the illusion of motion and covers experiments investigating beta movement. A variety of visual technologies are introduced that capture sequential still images which appear as motion when viewed rapidly in succession.

1. Lesson 3: History of Moving Images
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

2. Sight and the camera
The individual parts of the eye work in a
manner similar to a camera.
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

3. The cornea
acts like the lens in a camera.
... helping to focus light to the back of the eye.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

4. The iris and pupil act
like the aperture of a camera.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

5. If you are outside at night,
the iris opens and gets bigger to let in
more light so you can see in the dark
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

6. If you are outside in the bright sun,
the iris in your eye constricts and gets
smaller to let in less light
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

7. The very back of the eye is lined with a layer
called the retina which acts very much
dddddd like the image sensor in a
ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddcamera.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

8. a camera obscura is an
optical device that projects an image of its
surroundings on a screen.
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Light from outside passes through the hole and
strikes a surface inside where the outside scene is
reproduced upside-down, but with color and
perspective preserved.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

9. apinhole camera is a camera that
does not have a lens.
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In place of a lens is a single small hole on one
side. Light from outside of the camera passes
through the hole and projects an upside down
image on the far side of the box, across from the
hole.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

10. traditional film camera
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A still camera is a type of camera used to take
photographs. Traditional still cameras capture
light onto photographic film.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

11. How do images move?
• persistence of vision
• zoetropes
• beta movement
• animation through flip books
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

12. what is persistence
of vision?
Persistence of vision is a commonly
accepted, although somewhat
controversial theory, which states that
the human eye always retains images
for a fraction of a second (around 0.04
seconds).
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

13. This means that everything we see is a
subtle blend of what is happening now
and what happened a fraction of a
second ago.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

14. Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

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17. what is beta movement?
Beta Movement is a perceptual illusion
whereby two or more still images are
combined by the brain into surmised
motion.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

18. what is beta movement?
Max Wertheimer’s Experiment:
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

19. what is beta movement?
Max Wertheimer’s Experiment:
Watch:
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

20. Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

21. Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

22. What just happened?
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

23. What just happened?
did it look like the ball moved to the right?
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

24. What just happened?
did it look like the ball moved to the right?
This did not actually happen, but the cognitive process of
perception links the two images in time and causality.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

25. First record of a zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

26. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

27. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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A zoetrope is a device that produces
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an illusion of motion in an image
through a succession of static pictures.
The word is from the greek language
with “zoe” meaning "life" and “trope”
meaning "turn", translating loosely as
"wheel of life".
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

28. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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A zoetrope is made up of a spinning
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cylinder with vertical slits on the
sides. Below these slits are
individual images, or sequences of
drawings or photographs.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

29. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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The viewer spins the cylinder and
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looks through the vertical openings at
the pictures on the opposite side.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

30. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
Rap idly
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eethe cylinderwing
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The viewer oc
Pr spins vertical lopenings at
fo lo
and
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looks through the the
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hro ugh opposite side.
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the pictures on the
slides
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

31. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

32. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

33. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

34. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

35. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

36. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

37. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

38. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

39. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

40. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

41. What is a
First record of a ?
zoetrope in China
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

42. Like a zoetrope, a
motion picture camera
...takes a sequence of images that also gives the illusion of
motion when viewed in rapid succession.
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Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

43. video camera
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A video camera utilizes an electronic sensor to
capture images.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

44. digital camera
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A digital camera is a camera that records images through the
electronic sensor which encodes an image digitally and stores
it for later use or reproduction. Digital cameras can often take
video, stills, or both.
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images

45. Activity:
make a flip book
Lesson 3: History of Moving Images