This document provides an introduction to the English alphabet and parts of speech. It begins with learning objectives which are to learn the English alphabet, distinguish vowels and consonants, recall the origin of English, and recognize 8 parts of speech. It then defines the 26 letters, identifies the 5 vowels, and notes the Germanic origins of English grammar. The 8 parts of speech are defined as noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and exclamation. Formative exercises practice identifying the parts of speech in sentences.

1. abc englishstars
Lesson 1

2. About Lesson 1 :
At the end of this lesson you should be able to:
• Repeat the english alphabet.
• Use the different parts of speech correctly.

3. Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson you should be able to:
• Identify the 26 letters of the english alphabet.
• Distinguish between the vowels and consonants in the alphabet.
• Recall the origin of the english language.
• Recognize at least 8 different parts of speech.

4. The English Alphabet :
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X
Y Z.
These are the 26 letters of the alphabet, 5 are called vowels
and the other 21 are called consonants.
Vowels ; a, e, i, o, u.

5. English Language Origin:
English is an international language. It is spoken in a variety of accents such as
English, American, West Indies, and Indian. Nevertheless, its grammar and
most of its vocabulary remain the same no matter where it is used.

6. English Language Origin:
The English used in a newspaper like Jamaica's Daily Gleaner is much the
same as the English in The New York Times, The Times of India, The
Guardian, The Sun in the United Kingdom or The ABC in Spain.
English has its origin in northern Europe. Its grammar shows its roots in
languages like German and Dutch.

7. Parts of Speech:
A typical English sentence has a Noun or Noun Phrase
( Subject ) followed by a Verb and another Noun or Noun Phrase
( Object ).
Example:
The fat man drove a big red car.
Subject Verb Object

8. Parts of Speech:
English words can be classified into different parts of speech according to the
part they play in making sentences in the language. They are named according
to their functions. Thus, all English words fall into eight main categories:
Nouns - A noun is the name of a person, animal, place or thing, e.g. Mary, lion,
school, stove, honesty. Example: John is a man. The words in bold are nouns.
Verbs - A verb is an action word e.g. drink, run, dance.
Example: The cat is drinking the milk. The word in bold is the verb.

9. Nouns - the name of
person, place, animal, or
thing.
Verb- an action or a doing
word.

10. Parts of Speech:
Pronouns - A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun, e.g. he, she, it.
Example: Mary is a girl. She is kind and helpful. The word in bold is the pronoun.
Adjectives - An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun, e.g. blue, good, happy.
Example: The young man wears a blue shirt.
The word blue describes the the shirt.
Adverbs - An adverb modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb, e.g. gently,
quietly, quickly, here. Example: The boy run quickly.

11. Prepositions - A preposition shows the relation between one thing and another, e.g.
against, for, with. Example: There is a bridge over the river. The word over states the
relation between the bridge and the river.
Conjunctions - A conjunction is a word used for joining words and clauses, e.g. and, for,
but. Example: Both John and his wife forgot to pay the bill. The word and joins the
phrases together to give a definite meaning and complete the sentence.

12. Exclamation or Interjections - An exclamation or interjection expresses
sudden emotion, e.g. Oh1! Hello! Stop!
Example: Stop! The car is on fire. The word stop is the exclamation or
interjection in the sentence.

13. Conclusion:
When we express our thoughts we are grouping words in a particular order
that make sense. The combination of words is called a sentence. When we
speak or write our expressions, our sentences must be clearly understood by
those who hear or read our expressions.

14. Formative Assessment : What Do You Remember?
Exercise 1a: Underline the Nouns in the following sentences.
1. Thieves broke into the house.
2. Mary lives in Japan.
Exercise 1b: Underline the Pronouns in the following sentences.
1. She will not listen to anyone.
2. He and I went to town.

15. Exercise 1c: Underline the Verbs in the following sentences.
1. Please shut the door.
2. I am going to school.
Exercise 1d: Underline the Adjectives in the following sentences.
1. She is a beautiful girl.
2. He is strong.

16. Exercise 1e: Underline the Adverbs in the following sentences.
1. John went before him.
2. The sun shone brightly.
Exercise 1f: Underline the Prepositions in the following sentences.
1. The mother was proud of her son’s achievement.
2. I saw clouds above the hills.

17. Exercise 1d: Underline the Conjunctions in the following sentences.
1. Jack and Jill went up the hill.
2. Enjoy yourself but don’t get into trouble.
Exercise 1g: Fill in the blank with the suitable Exclamations in the following
sentences. ( Hurray! Jump, Hey! And )
1. --------- ! What is happening?
2. ---------! Our team won.

18. Bonus Questions :
Answer True / False
1. The English Language has its origin in American.
2. Its grammar shows its roots in languages like German and Dutch.

19. End of Lesson 1
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