1. SUPERVISOR: DR AKMAL NIZAM BIN MOHAMMED
PREPARED BY: MOHAMAD FARID BIN A RAHMAN
MATRIX NUMBER: DD100116
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
1 of 29
2. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
2 of 29
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Problem occurred
• Why need to study
• Main idea
• Problem statement
• Objective
• Scope
• Literature review
• Methodology
• Result & Analysis
• Conclusion & Recommendation
3. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
3 of 29
INTRODUCTION
Exhaust pipe (small engine)
Position: Attached at exhaust port of cylinder headComponents:
• header/manifold
• tube/pipe
• muffler
Why important?
• it funnels the hot exhaust down into one simple exhaust pipe
• prevents the toxic exhaust fumes from sneaking into the vehicle and harming the occupants
4. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
4 of 29
PROBLEM OCCURRED
Back pressure
Has a negative effect on engine efficiency resulting in
a decrease of power output that must be compensated
by increasing fuel consumption.
Back pressure can
be loosely defined as
the resistance to
positive flow - in
this case, the
resistance to positive
flow of the exhaust
stream.
5. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
5 of 29
WHY NEED TO STUDY?
Ideal pressure
Ideal velocity
Exhaust
pipe
Performance
& efficiency
of engine
Maintain
6. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
6 of 29
MAIN IDEA
Study different shapes and sizes of
exhaust pipe
Ideal values
Velocity Pressure
Optimum result
7. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
7 of 29
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Exhaust pipe in
small engine
• to determine the size, shape and length
• to determine the pressure and velocity
8. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
8 of 29
OBJECTIVE
1. To determine the pressure and velocity in exhaust
pipe in small engine.
2. To compare the parameter value of exhaust pipe that
have different size, shape and length.
3. To determine the suitable configuration of the
exhaust pipe that involved in the study.
9. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
9 of 29
SCOPE
1. Numerical study by using Ansys Workbench 15.0
(CFX)
2. Engine capacity that less than 150 cc, four stroke-
spark ignition. (motorcycle engine)
3. Simulation process in steady state condition.
10. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
10 of 29
LITERATURE REVIEW
Title Author Year
published
Findings
CFD Analysis of Exhaust Manifold of Multi-
Cylinder SI Engine to Determine Optimal
Geometry for Reducing Emissions
K. S Umesh, V. K Pravin
and K. Rajagopal
2013 Pressure and velocity
contour as a result for best
possible design of exhaust
manifold
Comparison of predictions obtained on an
exhaust manifold analysis using
conformal and indirect mapped interface
Swathi Satish, Mani
Prithiviraj and Sridhar
Hari
2012 Temperature distribution in
exhaust manifold using
mesh size value.
CFD and Experimental Analysis on Thermal
Performance of Exhaust System of a SI
Engine
Mesut Durat, Zekeriya
Parlak, Murat Kapzis,
Adnan Parlak, Ferit
Ficici
2013 Optimal location of a
catalyst along with the
exhaust pipe of any gasoline
engine in terms of minimum
cold start HC emissions.
11. Start
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Create three models of exhaust pipe using
SolidWorks 2011
Analysis for all exhaust pipe using Ansys
Workbench 15.0 (CFX)
Collecting data
Result and analysis
Conclusion and recommendation
Finish
No
Yes
FYP 1
FYP 2
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
11 of 29
METHODOLOGY
12. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
12 of 29
Computer
Software
SolidWorks 2011
• to create a geometry model (exhaust pipe)
using some command such as swept and revolve
Ansys Workbench 15.0 (CFX)
• to model flow, turbulence,
heat transfer and reactions for
industrial application
13. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
13 of 29
TABLE 1: The value of diameter and length of exhaust pipe 1
a-b 150 mm
b-c 300 mm
c-d 200 mm
d-e 100 mm
e-f 300 mm
Pipe diameter 40 mm
Muffler diameter 80 mm
a
b
c
d
e
f
14. TABLE 2: The value of diameter and length of exhaust pipe 2
a-b 100 mm
b-c 250 mm
c-d 300 mm
d-e 200 mm
e-f 350 mm
Pipe diameter 50 mm
Muffler diameter 100 mm
14 of 29
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
a
b
c
d
e
f
15. TABLE 3: The value of diameter and length of exhaust pipe 3
a-b 100 mm
b-c 50 mm
c-d 400 mm
d-e 300 mm
Pipe diameter 45 mm
Muffler diameter 100 mm
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
15 of 29
a
b
c
d
e
16. RESULT & DISCUSSION
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
16 of 29
17. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
17 of 29
18. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
18 of 29
19. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
19 of 29
20. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
20 of 29
21. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
21 of 29
22. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
22 of 29
25. CONCLUSION
1. Exhaust pipe 1 is an optimum design compared to
exhaust pipe 2 and 3.
2. Diameter and length of the exhaust pipe can
influenced the pressure and velocity of the exhaust
gas
3. Engine efficiency can be influenced by diameter and
length of exhaust pipe.
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
25 of 29
26. RECOMMENDATION
1. Experimental study using real exhaust pipe
model.
2. Conducting study in steady-state and transient
condition.
3. Use larger capacity engine such as car engine.
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
26 of 29
27. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING
ENGINEERING
27 of 29
REFERENCE
[1] Dashti, M., Hamidi, A. A., & Mozafari, A. (2013). Engine, 1(1), 8–14.
[2] Dokumaci, E. (2005). Prediction of source characteristics of engine exhaust manifolds. Journal of Sound and
Vibration, 280(3-5), 925–943. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2003.12.052
[3] Galindo, J., Luján, J. M., Serrano, J. R., Dolz, V., & Guilain, S. (2004). Design of an exhaust manifold to
improve transient performance of a high-speed turbocharged diesel engine. Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, 28(8), 863–875. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2004.01.003
[4] Inoue, Y. (2003). Present and Future Trends of Stainless Steel for Automotive Exhaust System, (88), 62–69.
[5] Park, K. H., Choi, B. L., Lee, K. W., Kim, K., & Earmme, Y. Y. (n.d.). Modeling and Design of Exhaust
Manifold Under Thermomechanical Loading, 1–38.
[6] Umesh, K. S., Pravin, V. K., Rajagopal, K., Chancellor, F. V., & Pradesh, A. (2013). CFD ANALYSIS OF
EXHAUST MANIFOLD OF MULTI-CYLINDER SI ENGINE TO DETERMINE OPTIMAL GEOMETRY
FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS, 3(4), 45–56.
[7] Will, F. (2012). Fuel conservation and emission reduction through novel waste heat recovery for internal
combustion engines. Fuel, 102, 247–255. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.044
[8] Wu, Y.-Y., Chen, B.-C., Hsieh, F.-C., & Ke, C.-T. (2009). Heat transfer model for small-scale spark-ignition
engines. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(7-8), 1875–1886. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatma
