This document provides an overview of the changes in media production and distribution that led to the development of Creative Commons (CC) licensing. It discusses:
1) A brief history of copyright and its purpose of incentivizing creation by allowing creators control over duplication of their works.
2) Four major technological revolutions - printing press, photography/film, radio/TV, and the internet - that made mass distribution of media possible and challenged existing copyright models.
3) How digitalization and the internet in particular allowed anyone to distribute media globally, raising issues around copyright that CC licensing was designed to address by providing options for sharing and reuse with attribution.
CC at Social Media Art Camp (SMartCAMP)guest5e12482
I gave a talk yesterday on Creative Commons at Social Media Art Camp (SMartCAMP) which also ustreamed live at http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/5261313. It is ideal for those who are artist creators and/or part of arts organizations/projects/institutions.
Emory Open Education Initiative 2014 - Copyright and the Creative CommonsMelanieKowalski
A brief overview of Copyright Law and the Creative Commons for creating Open Educational Resources (OERs) conducted as part of the 2014 Immersion Training for the Emory Open Education Initiative.
Lecture. Describes how Web 2.0 technologies enable a form of cultural production that challenges the status quo, which is corporate and copyright-driven. Introduces the concept of Creative Commons licensing.
"Time Travel" - A talk given by Ted Leath at Derry BarCamp 2009
Physicists debate whether physical time travel is possible or practical. In the meantime, virtual time travel is possible, accessible and relatively inexpensive. This talk was meant to inspire people about the possibilities of time travel - now!
Copyright Law, Fair Use, Creative Commons, And The Public Domainaamarie
Presentation created for "Creating Technology-Rich Curricula" course. Explains Copyright Law, Fair Use, Fair Use in an educational context, Creative Commons Licensing, and the Public Domain.
TrendyAppBuilder is making mobile apps & mobile websites simple and affordable for businesses of all sizes. Easy mobile app builder for Android iPhone iPad & HTML5.
CC at Social Media Art Camp (SMartCAMP)guest5e12482
I gave a talk yesterday on Creative Commons at Social Media Art Camp (SMartCAMP) which also ustreamed live at http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/5261313. It is ideal for those who are artist creators and/or part of arts organizations/projects/institutions.
Emory Open Education Initiative 2014 - Copyright and the Creative CommonsMelanieKowalski
A brief overview of Copyright Law and the Creative Commons for creating Open Educational Resources (OERs) conducted as part of the 2014 Immersion Training for the Emory Open Education Initiative.
Lecture. Describes how Web 2.0 technologies enable a form of cultural production that challenges the status quo, which is corporate and copyright-driven. Introduces the concept of Creative Commons licensing.
"Time Travel" - A talk given by Ted Leath at Derry BarCamp 2009
Physicists debate whether physical time travel is possible or practical. In the meantime, virtual time travel is possible, accessible and relatively inexpensive. This talk was meant to inspire people about the possibilities of time travel - now!
Copyright Law, Fair Use, Creative Commons, And The Public Domainaamarie
Presentation created for "Creating Technology-Rich Curricula" course. Explains Copyright Law, Fair Use, Fair Use in an educational context, Creative Commons Licensing, and the Public Domain.
TrendyAppBuilder is making mobile apps & mobile websites simple and affordable for businesses of all sizes. Easy mobile app builder for Android iPhone iPad & HTML5.
Hector Saracho's presentation "antiplanning" during the Inspire! winners session at 4A's Strategy Festival 2013. Hector works at the agency what if in Spain.
We’ve seen a lot of articles talking about the various ways in which you can spot less-than-professional SEO consultants. We decided to pick the top 5 SEO myths! If an agency or consultant tells you any of these, it’s a red flag.
Glyn moody: ethics of intellectual monopolies - fscons 2010glynmoody
FSCONS 2010 talk about how copyright and patents were created to deal with scarcity; in today’s world of creative and inventive abundance, we need neither. Freeing up knowledge for all to use would cause a positive feedback loop of creativity and invention.
Glyn moody ethics of intellectual monopolies - fscons 2010FSCONS
FSCONS 2010 talk about how copyright and patents were created to deal with scarcity; in today's world of creative and inventive abundance, we need neither. Freeing up knowledge for all to use would cause a positive feedback loop of creativity and invention.
Overview of copyright in the U.S. with some examples of copyright in the news. Created for Le Moyne College LIB 100 : Library and Information Research Strategies class. Presented on November 2, 2011.
Question_1/Essay_2_Question.jpeg
Question_1/Proper Summary Procedure -.docx
Proper Summary Procedure
Once you’ve identified the passage (thesis, argument) to be summarized, do the following:
1. Know the Passage
Read it, re-read it and re-read it again; Take notes; Do a Who / What analysis: Briefly answer the questions “Who” “What” “Where” “When” “Why” and “How” as part of your notetaking process; Before you begin drafting your summary you should know the passage so well, you could tell someone in your own words what it says without having to look at the passage.
2. Set the original aside
Looking at the original while you draft will greatly increase the chances of unintentional plagiarism.
3. Get something down
Using your notes, your Who/What analysis and your memory, make an attempt to summarize the passage. Understand that it won’t be perfect.
4. Go back to the original and check your summary for the following (in order):
A. Precision of the Language: Make sure you haven’t butchered the language! Revise for clarity and precision. You might have to revise several times to get the language right.
B. Accuracy: Make sure your summary accurately captures the intent of the original passage.
C. Violations of the Four Word Rule: Get in there and count! Make sure you have not unintentionally plagiarized the original passage.
Question_1/Sample Summary Paper -.docx
Sample Summary Paper:
Thesis
Lessig claims that we need to find a means of protecting artist’s financial interests while also continuing to encourage technological innovation through certain forms of piracy or theft.
First argument
He tells us all of our major media had its origins in theft. For example, filmmakers travelled to Hollywood, California in an attempt to avoid the patent protections Thomas Edison held on filmmaking technology. They thought California was far enough away that federal law enforcement couldn’t reach. By the time federal law enforcement caught up to these filmmakers, the patents had already expired.
Rest of Summary
[include one more example – i.e. cable tv].
Lessig argues that some forms of piracy are clearly beneficial because they promote innovation in technology. For this reason, he’d like to see person to person file sharing encouraged, so long as we can find a way to protect the artists from those who would make a profit from selling their work.
**** When writing your actual summary paper, DO NOT INCLUDE THE RED HEADERS ABOVE. I have inserted these to help clarify the process. Your actual summary paper (on “The Closing of the American Book”) should be in traditional paragraph form.
Question_1/Some Like It Hot --.docx
Some Like It Hot
OK, P2P is "piracy." But so was the birth of Hollywood, radio, cable TV, and (yes) the music industry.
If piracy means using the creative property of others without their permission, then the history of the content industry is a history of piracy. Every important sector of big media today - film, music, ...
L. Galli - Audience, Users and People (2010) with presenter notesLuca Galli
Presentation given at the public symposium on Digital TV held in Trento at Fondazione Bruno Kessler on the 30th of April 2010: “La migrazione alla TV Digitale Terrestre tra sfide e opportunità”.
Operating as a Canadian Business Under the New “User-Focused” Copyright Act -...MaRS Discovery District
As of November 2012, Canada has a new Copyright Act that has been commonly identified as “user-focused.” This raises the question: What does the new Copyright Act mean for Canadian businesses?
In this presentation, we discuss:
-How the new act affects Canadian businesses, particularly innovative industries.
-What has changed and what remains the same for commercial copyright owners.
-What a business needs to know to protect its copyright and to keep from infringing the copyright of others.
Slide notes - Changes in media production and distribution which have led to the development of Creative Commons
1. Intro self
Topic: The changes in media production and distribution which have led to the
development of CC licensing
Presentation outline:
Quick basics of copyright , with a little cultural History in the mix
Changes in technology: Four major ‘technological revolutions’ (credit to Clay
Shirky for way of dividing changes)
Digitalisation, the Internet… Creative Commons
1
2. Copyright means that certain works cannot be shared, remixed or reused without
permission from the copyright holder—usually the author.
-- Copyright applies to ALL *original* works (huge debates possible)
-- including films, songs, images, dramas, sound recordings, TV and radio
broadcasts and Internet publications and transmissions.
-- C symbol is unimportant – because as soon as a new work is recorded in material
form – written down or saved on a computer – it automatically receives copyright
protection
-- Original doesn’t always mean “good” (subjective) or professionally made E.g. no
one can use my photo of my dog without my permission
2
3. Why protection?
Basically, copyright gives a creator – an individual artist or a company - an incentive
to create, and ensures them that they will be rewarded for what they make.
-- Once creative work is out there, it can be copied or reproduced at little or no
cost. This means that if the right to duplicate a work is not controlled, it's economic
value would diminish, resulting in a market failure. Copyright corrects this by
ensuring that those who initially invested in getting the work to market are
rewarded for their entrepreneurship and 'creativity‘.
-- The principles of intellectual property, in particular copyright, allow creative
industries to profit from and sustain cultural production by granting economic and
moral rights.
3
4. For literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, copyright lasts for the lifetime of
the creator, and then an extra 50 years following their death.
The first copyright law, the Statute of Anne in 1710, was for only 14 years. Statute
of Anne, 1710, “For the encouragement of learning”
Or USA Constitution:
“To promote the progress of science and useful arts.”
4
5. -- 70 years in most countries
-- Different for companies
-- Realising early work set to expire, Disney did a big lawsuit in 90s, managing to
extend corporate copyright to 120 years
5
6. When the period of copyright in a work is over, the creator’s work goes into the
public domain. This means anyone is free to use and profit from the work as they
please.
But a lot of culture still comes under copyright.
6
7. Early copyright laws recognised that culture always build on the past.
Flick back to last two slides – explain Disney & Copyright, then Shakespeare and
Public Domain
7
8. TECHNOLOGY: Gutenberg’s printing press, 1430. Played a large part in the
Renaissance, explosion of culture. First assembly line style of printing books
--- Ask class what the best-selling book of all of history is (Bible)
Previously took a year for a scribe to write, at few pages a day. Press could
do 3600 pages a day.
--- Made possible the mass reproduction of books, newspapers led to first
copyright laws
--- The Message goes from ONE to MANY
8
9. 200 years ago: slow text based communication - conversation, then real time voice
ONE to ONE – Conversational medium
9
12. -- What you need to produce mass media
Go through items on slide (touched on previously)
-- Easiest was photography, or typewriting– but even then mass production was
difficult
To broadcast radio – still required a certain amount of equipment
-- As new consumer technologies introduced.. Professionals got worried, e.g.
George Eastman – invention of Kodak camera (continues next slide)
12
13. -- Each time there was a new technology – particularly one that was capable of
copying or reproducing a creative work – a professional industry or group would
get worried / bring out lawsuits
-- VCR / Betamax - like the MySky of 80s (was invented some years earlier and
used by the TV industry – meaning they no longer had to do a live broadcast)
For the television industry, worries about ads
13
14. But film industry needn’t have worried because it turned out to be a great new way
to make money (In 1986 Disney made US$100 million of pure profit from home
video sales)
“In a landmark judgement in 1984, the Supreme Court ruled that the home
recording of television programs for later viewing constituted "fair use."1 An
important factor in the Court’s reasoning was that "time-shifting" – i.e. recording a
program to watch it at another time – did not represent any substantial harm to
the copyright holder, nor did it diminish the market for the product.” (from:
http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2006/06/article_0003.html)
14
15. Around the same time, a genre of music was emerging – a remix of genres from
the past (show video – should start 4m 40s - a music industry producer / outsider
looking in at what was happening in New York. Play clip until breakdancing starts)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwqQQraQ4MI&feature=player_detailpage#t=
297s (video should start about 4m 40s)
15
16. Technology evolving - 80s – tape deck - 90s use personal stereos to copy stuff from
CDs onto tapes (e.g. send a mix tape to your crush on valentines day)
Equipment was cheaper, but you still couldn’t mass produce media yourself --- no
easy means of distribution
To go back to copyright: Although there were different -interpretations- of terms
within copyright law to adjust for new technologies, the law itself did not really
adjust much aside from the length of copyright being slowly extended.
16
17. -- Also keep in mind that during this time – late 70s etc – home computers were
being developed, getting more powerful
-- So rather than store media on something physical, it could be made digital – so
we had the Compact Disc - or CD , and soon the CDR, then later the DVD.
-- Significant change – because once something is digital – it becomes very very
easy to copy.
-- Eventually made a lot professional production a lot easier in terms of the
equipment you needed, it drove down prices, consumers electronics became
cheaper, digital cameras, home DVD cameras.
-- It also, with tools like Photoshop, and film editing software – it’s made it a lot
easier for anyone to make or edit a creative work – and make it look pretty good,
without much money or formal training
-- But no distribution - digitalisation is just one (key) aspect of the next big
revolution…
17
18. THE INTERNET
-- For the first time in history – anyone (with an internet connection) could get a
message out to a large audience, who could then talk to each other about that
message
Many Many
-- On the Internet you can do everything that traditional media can do – read a
book, make phone calls, watch a movie, see photos, listen to the radio, watch TV.
Combine that with freely / cheaply available editing software, and you can
produce media like a pro
-- Anyone can make an image macro with a popular culture reference and a crazed
cat, then have millions of people see it
(of course there is a lot that never gets seen)
18
19. Internet presented problems for copyright play video.
So trouble for artists > audience breaking law with new technology > record
companies suing
(Since then things have changed, many tend to stream music more than download)
REMIX MANIFESTO VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=umj9YfZEluo
(start at 1.16, end with Cory Doctorow “building biggest library”)
19
20. -- We had was Copyright on one side – and Public Domain on the other
-- Copyright – few freedoms, Public domain – few restrictions
So in realising that there needed to be a mid point, in the early 2000s a group of
liked minded academics, activists, computer geeks etc, got together and came up
with Creative Commons… which created a series of mid points
20
21. Launched in 2002
-- With a Creative Commons licence, you keep your copyright – so you keep your
ownership of the work - but allow people to copy and distribute, and build upon
your work provided they give you credit — though you can specify what exactly
people can do with your work
21
26. Each licence has different rules and grants a different range of freedoms.
All Creative Commons licenses require that you credit the original creator when re-
using their work in any way.
The licences share a set of baseline rights, with each licence choice being
expressed in three ways:
Commons Deed: A plain-language summary of the licence, with relevant icons.
Legal Code: The full legal terms.
Digital Code: A machine-readable translation of the licence that helps search
engines and other applications identify the licensed work by its terms of use.
26
27. Remix of all CC images used in powerpoint [optional: flick through all images and
note licenses] – except no derivatives
Explain why NC (due to SA of tape image, among others)
Creative Commons – Culture is a Commons
27
28. So much to build upon.
Make note on referencing
28