The document discusses a research paper that examines a clinical practice guideline from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center regarding skin-to-skin contact for low-birth-weight infants. The guideline asserts there is insufficient evidence that skin-to-skin contact benefits these infants. However, the research paper finds recent evidence that skin-to-skin contact provides health benefits to infants and improves mother-infant bonding. It also decreases hospital stays. As a result, the research argues the clinical practice guideline should be changed.
National Guidelines and RecommendationsTim Smitley
This document discusses recommendations from various national organizations for the use of kangaroo care. It begins by reviewing the origins of kangaroo care and discusses how evidence of its benefits has led professional organizations to publish guidelines supporting its use. Some key recommendations mentioned include the WHO, AAP, CDC, and ACOG guidelines supporting kangaroo care for benefits like improved breastfeeding rates, decreased infant mortality and morbidity, and pain and stress reduction. The document then reviews studies demonstrating these benefits. It concludes by discussing how following kangaroo care guidelines can help institutions support parents and improve infant outcomes.
4 The rationale for skin to-skin contact at birth and rooming inVarsha Shah
This document discusses the rationale for skin-to-skin contact and rooming-in after birth. It describes the positioning for skin-to-skin contact and its advantages for babies like warmth, comfort and bonding. Advantages for mothers include the release of oxytocin which helps with pain management and bonding. Rooming-in allows the mother and baby to stay together which facilitates breastfeeding, allows the baby to sleep better and cry less, reduces infections and costs. Some barriers to rooming-in are discussed like concerns about mother fatigue, but studies have shown rooming-in does not negatively impact maternal sleep.
This document discusses kangaroo mother care (KMC), an intervention where low birthweight infants have skin-to-skin contact with their mothers. It provides background on the origins and history of KMC, as well as statistics on neonatal and infant mortality globally and in Malawi. Current KMC practices at Zomba Central Hospital in Malawi are described. Challenges to implementing KMC include poor monitoring, lack of resources and follow-up after discharge. Evidence shows KMC reduces infection risk, promotes growth and development, and is more effective than conventional care. Recommendations include improving follow-up systems and prioritizing KMC as a basic neonatal health service.
Foundations of kangaroo care (pre conference 3)tsmitley
This document provides background information on the origins and development of Kangaroo Care. It begins with Kangaroo Care originating in Bogota, Colombia in the 1970s as a way to reduce preemie mortality and morbidity in resource-poor hospitals. It then discusses various studies conducted on the effects of Kangaroo Care, including reduced apnea and improved cardiorespiratory stability in infants. The document highlights the initial resistance Susan Ludington faced in bringing Kangaroo Care to the US and her research demonstrating benefits such as improved sleep patterns and thermal regulation for infants in Kangaroo Care. It concludes with one of the first studies of paternal Kangaroo Care conducted by Ludington in Colombia.
Estamos nos preparando para em 2019 comemorar 40 anos desse Cuidado tão especial para os recém natos prematuros e suas mães.
Nessa publicação científica cita muitos trabalhos brasileiros.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her premature or low birth weight infant. It was developed to care for preterm infants in areas without reliable incubators. KMC has benefits for both infants and mothers such as reduced infant mortality, improved breastfeeding and weight gain, and increased parental bonding. The key elements of KMC are prolonged skin-to-skin contact, exclusive breastfeeding, and support for the infant-mother dyad. KMC can be safely practiced at home after hospital discharge with appropriate follow-up.
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) involves skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn, especially low birth weight or preterm infants. It originated in Colombia in the 1970s as a way to improve outcomes for fragile infants born in hospitals with limited resources. KMC provides benefits to both infants and mothers, such as improved infant health, growth, and development as well as increased maternal confidence. It also benefits hospitals by reducing costs and improving quality of care. KMC is now recognized as an effective practice worldwide for newborn care.
Rooming in refers to allowing mothers and infants to room together in the hospital. The document discusses benefits of rooming in such as establishing and maintaining breastfeeding as studies found higher breastfeeding rates for roomed-in infants. Rooming in also reduces infant exposure to infections and supports better infant sleep. Cost analyses found rooming in saves on personnel and capital costs compared to separate recovery rooms. However, some mothers request the nursery due to lack of understanding of rooming in benefits.
National Guidelines and RecommendationsTim Smitley
This document discusses recommendations from various national organizations for the use of kangaroo care. It begins by reviewing the origins of kangaroo care and discusses how evidence of its benefits has led professional organizations to publish guidelines supporting its use. Some key recommendations mentioned include the WHO, AAP, CDC, and ACOG guidelines supporting kangaroo care for benefits like improved breastfeeding rates, decreased infant mortality and morbidity, and pain and stress reduction. The document then reviews studies demonstrating these benefits. It concludes by discussing how following kangaroo care guidelines can help institutions support parents and improve infant outcomes.
4 The rationale for skin to-skin contact at birth and rooming inVarsha Shah
This document discusses the rationale for skin-to-skin contact and rooming-in after birth. It describes the positioning for skin-to-skin contact and its advantages for babies like warmth, comfort and bonding. Advantages for mothers include the release of oxytocin which helps with pain management and bonding. Rooming-in allows the mother and baby to stay together which facilitates breastfeeding, allows the baby to sleep better and cry less, reduces infections and costs. Some barriers to rooming-in are discussed like concerns about mother fatigue, but studies have shown rooming-in does not negatively impact maternal sleep.
This document discusses kangaroo mother care (KMC), an intervention where low birthweight infants have skin-to-skin contact with their mothers. It provides background on the origins and history of KMC, as well as statistics on neonatal and infant mortality globally and in Malawi. Current KMC practices at Zomba Central Hospital in Malawi are described. Challenges to implementing KMC include poor monitoring, lack of resources and follow-up after discharge. Evidence shows KMC reduces infection risk, promotes growth and development, and is more effective than conventional care. Recommendations include improving follow-up systems and prioritizing KMC as a basic neonatal health service.
Foundations of kangaroo care (pre conference 3)tsmitley
This document provides background information on the origins and development of Kangaroo Care. It begins with Kangaroo Care originating in Bogota, Colombia in the 1970s as a way to reduce preemie mortality and morbidity in resource-poor hospitals. It then discusses various studies conducted on the effects of Kangaroo Care, including reduced apnea and improved cardiorespiratory stability in infants. The document highlights the initial resistance Susan Ludington faced in bringing Kangaroo Care to the US and her research demonstrating benefits such as improved sleep patterns and thermal regulation for infants in Kangaroo Care. It concludes with one of the first studies of paternal Kangaroo Care conducted by Ludington in Colombia.
Estamos nos preparando para em 2019 comemorar 40 anos desse Cuidado tão especial para os recém natos prematuros e suas mães.
Nessa publicação científica cita muitos trabalhos brasileiros.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her premature or low birth weight infant. It was developed to care for preterm infants in areas without reliable incubators. KMC has benefits for both infants and mothers such as reduced infant mortality, improved breastfeeding and weight gain, and increased parental bonding. The key elements of KMC are prolonged skin-to-skin contact, exclusive breastfeeding, and support for the infant-mother dyad. KMC can be safely practiced at home after hospital discharge with appropriate follow-up.
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) involves skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn, especially low birth weight or preterm infants. It originated in Colombia in the 1970s as a way to improve outcomes for fragile infants born in hospitals with limited resources. KMC provides benefits to both infants and mothers, such as improved infant health, growth, and development as well as increased maternal confidence. It also benefits hospitals by reducing costs and improving quality of care. KMC is now recognized as an effective practice worldwide for newborn care.
Rooming in refers to allowing mothers and infants to room together in the hospital. The document discusses benefits of rooming in such as establishing and maintaining breastfeeding as studies found higher breastfeeding rates for roomed-in infants. Rooming in also reduces infant exposure to infections and supports better infant sleep. Cost analyses found rooming in saves on personnel and capital costs compared to separate recovery rooms. However, some mothers request the nursery due to lack of understanding of rooming in benefits.
This document discusses recommendations from various national organizations for the use of Kangaroo Care. It begins by identifying organizations such as the WHO, CDC, AAP, and ACOG that recommend Kangaroo Care. It then reviews how evidence on the benefits of Kangaroo Care becomes guidelines that institutions can implement. Some key benefits discussed are improved breastfeeding rates, decreased infant pain and stress, and improved infant development. The document provides examples of guidelines from different organizations and reviews evidence from various studies on the positive outcomes of Kangaroo Care.
Kangaroo care involves extended skin-to-skin contact between a parent and their baby. It has benefits for both babies and parents such as easier breathing and sleep for babies, improved brain development, and increased milk production and bonding for mothers. Kangaroo care is done by placing the baby in an upright position against the parent's chest so as much skin is in contact as possible. It should be done for at least 30 minutes to 2 hours at a time to receive the full benefits.
6 breastfeeding and drugs and acceptable medical reasons for artificial feedi...Varsha Shah
This document discusses breastfeeding and drug use in mothers. It provides guidance on determining if a drug is safe for breastfeeding by considering factors like if the drug transfers to breastmilk, the effect on the infant, and if the infant can metabolize the drug. Common drugs are evaluated such as antidepressants, painkillers, and recreational drugs. Guidelines recommend against breastfeeding if using recreational drugs or drinking excess alcohol. Nicotine and methadone use may be allowed with certain precautions. Overall, the document provides a framework for evaluating drug safety and outlines recommendations to support breastfeeding whenever possible.
Mother and Baby Friendly Care: Practice of kangaroo mother careSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: An essential tool in the initial and ongoing training and teaching of any healthcare worker. This was written specifically for nurses, midwives and doctors who provide primary care for newborn infants in level 1 clinics and hospitals. It covers: Mother and Baby Friendly Care describes gentler, kinder, evidence-based ways of caring for women during pregnancy, labour and delivery. It also presents improved methods of providing infant care with an emphasis on kangaroo mother care and exclusive breastfeeding. It covers: mother-friendly care in pregnancy, a modern approach to normal labour, skin-to-skin care of infants, encouraging breastfeeding, a baby-friendly nursery.
Mother and Baby Friendly Care: Baby friendly careSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: An essential tool in the initial and ongoing training and teaching of any healthcare worker – Miriam Adhikari, South African Journal of Child Health, Primary Newborn Care was written specifically for nurses, midwives and doctors who provide primary care for newborn infants in level 1 clinics and hospitals. It covers: Mother and Baby Friendly Care describes gentler, kinder, evidence-based ways of caring for women during pregnancy, labour and delivery. It also presents improved methods of providing infant care with an emphasis on kangaroo mother care and exclusive breastfeeding. It covers: mother-friendly care in pregnancy, a modern approach to normal labour, skin-to-skin care of infants, encouraging breastfeeding, a baby-friendly nursery.
This document summarizes the benefits of skin-to-skin contact between mothers and infants immediately after birth. It discusses how skin-to-skin contact helps with bonding, breastfeeding, and maternal and infant health outcomes. Barriers to immediate skin-to-skin contact are also addressed. The presentation provides guidance to nurses on how to support mothers in initiating and continuing skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.
Kangaroo mother care is a method of caring for low birth weight babies that provides skin-to-skin contact between the mother and baby. It improves health outcomes by promoting breastfeeding, temperature regulation, and bonding. Key components of kangaroo mother care include skin-to-skin contact in an upright position, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital with regular follow ups. It has numerous benefits for both babies and mothers such as improved physiological stability, reduced infection risk, enhanced bonding, and promotion of breastfeeding.
Constraints of exclusive breastfeeding practice among breastfeeding mothers i...Oba Adeboye
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life as the best way of feeding an infant. The result of this study will increase the knowledge and encourage mothers on exclusive breastfeeding in Alimosho General Hospital, Igando and also show them the dangers of not practicing exclusive breastfeeding. It will also help the Nurse to debunk myths about exclusive breastfeeding. Using a concurrent mixed method approach, a structured questionnaire was administered to 100 breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding was perceived as essential to baby's health. It strengthens the physical and spiritual bond between mothers and their children. Exclusive breastfeeding was considered essential but demanding. The research however reveals larger percentage of the respondents are between 25-35 years in the study
Mother and Baby Friendly Care: Principles of kangaroo mother careSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: An essential tool in the initial and ongoing training and teaching of any healthcare worker – Miriam Adhikari, South African Journal of Child Health, Primary Newborn Care was written specifically for nurses, midwives and doctors who provide primary care for newborn infants in level 1 clinics and hospitals. It covers: Mother and Baby Friendly Care describes gentler, kinder, evidence-based ways of caring for women during pregnancy, labour and delivery. It also presents improved methods of providing infant care with an emphasis on kangaroo mother care and exclusive breastfeeding. It covers: mother-friendly care in pregnancy, a modern approach to normal labour, skin-to-skin care of infants, encouraging breastfeeding, a baby-friendly nursery.
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her low birth weight baby, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. It was developed as an alternative to incubator care for preterm infants in Colombia. The WHO recommends KMC for newborns weighing 2000g or less, as it improves health outcomes for babies and bonding between mother and child. KMC benefits include reduced risk of infection, apnea, and oxygen requirements for babies, as well as lower stress levels, bonding, and economic benefits for families and health systems.
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a way of caring for low birth weight babies that promotes skin-to-skin contact between mothers and infants, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. It has benefits such as increased breastfeeding rates, better infant weight gain and thermal control, and reduced infant stress, morbidity, and risk of infection. KMC involves placing the infant in an upright position between the mother's breasts for prolonged periods each day. It can be initiated in stable infants and its duration gradually increased. Monitoring is required to ensure proper infant positioning and health.
This document provides an overview of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which involves skin-to-skin contact between low-birth weight babies and their mothers. KMC promotes breastfeeding, thermal control, and parental bonding. It consists of prolonged, continuous skin-to-skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding. The benefits of KMC include increased breastfeeding rates, better temperature regulation, reduced infection risk, early discharge from the hospital, and stronger parental bonding. The document outlines the components, prerequisites, eligibility criteria, procedures, monitoring, and follow-up care involved in implementing KMC.
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves continuous skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. The document discusses the components and benefits of KMC, which include improved growth, reduced morbidity and hospital stay for low birth weight babies. A study found that babies receiving KMC had better weight gain and developmental measures than babies receiving conventional care in the hospital. KMC was also found to be acceptable, affordable and beneficial to mothers and families.
Kangaroo mother care is generally given to low birth weight babies. it is very essential for baby's health. there are many benefits of KMC as it provides warmth to he child, helps in breast feeding and helps in maintaining good attachment. please read this and get knowledge. this information will help young mothers more. stay tuned.
Presentation on kangaroo mother care by Devi pravallika pharm D.
A small presentation which lets you understand kangaroo mother care a very useful but underrated and not so well known method.
Impact of neonatal nurses’ guidelines on improving their knowledgeAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that evaluated the impact of guidelines on neonatal nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding kangaroo mother care. The study found that the guidelines improved nurses' knowledge and practices in supporting kangaroo mother care, which facilitates parent-infant bonding. Kangaroo mother care involves skin-to-skin contact between a parent and premature infant and provides physiological and developmental benefits. While nurses saw benefits, some had concerns about safety and workload that could influence implementation of kangaroo mother care practices. Education is important for nurses to gain knowledge and skills in facilitating kangaroo mother care, but changing attitudes is also important for improving adoption of related practices.
Session 7 hospital practices that assist with breastfeeding 2016Siwon Lee
This document discusses hospital practices that support breastfeeding. It identifies three key strategies for early breastfeeding management: rooming-in, baby-led feeding including skin-to-skin contact, and helping sleepy and crying babies without unnecessary supplements. Rooming-in facilitates bonding and breastfeeding by allowing mothers to learn their baby's feeding cues. Baby-led feeding through skin-to-skin contact improves breastfeeding outcomes and helps babies feed more effectively. Hospitals should establish policies that support exclusive breastfeeding through rooming-in and limiting supplements and artificial feeding methods.
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a technique where premature or low birth weight babies are kept skin-to-skin against the mother's bare chest to help regulate the baby's temperature, heart rate and breathing. KMC has several purposes such as promoting bonding and attachment between mother and baby, improving parental confidence, and increasing milk production and breastfeeding success. The main components of KMC are skin-to-skin contact in an upright position, exclusive breastfeeding on demand, and physical and emotional support for the mother from family and healthcare providers.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was launched globally in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF to promote breastfeeding and adopted 10 steps to support breastfeeding in hospitals, with over 152 countries now implementing the initiative. India established a national task force in 1992 to improve breastfeeding practices in hospitals and certify them as "Baby-Friendly" if they follow the 10 steps. The initiative has been shown to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates for the first six months.
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.docxwrite22
The document discusses two quantitative studies on breastfeeding. The Tang et al. (2019) study examined the association between maternal education and breastfeeding practices in China. It found higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding among those with lower education levels and incomes. The Yohmi et al. (2015) study assessed the effectiveness of antenatal breastfeeding education and found it improved breastfeeding initiation and duration. Both studies support providing breastfeeding education to nursing students and mothers to improve infant health outcomes.
06067 Topic FINAL PICOT TEMPLATENumber of Pages 1 (Double Sphirstcruz
06067 Topic: FINAL PICOT TEMPLATE
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 4
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Coursework
Academic Level:Master
Category: Nursing
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
**** PLEASE JUST FILL IN INFO FROM STUDY ALREADY DONE AND PAID FOR- I AM ATTACHING ALL PERTINENT FILES. THANK YOU.
The purpose of this assignment is to create a final PICOT question for your DPI Project.
General Requirements:
•
APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
•
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
•
Directions :
Using the "PICOT Question Template," submit your final PICOT question
PICOT Question Template
Section 1: In this section provide one word to describe each section of your proposed PICOT question
P
Population
I
Intervention
C
Comparison
O
Outcome
T
Timeline
Section 2: Write your PICOT question below using the words listed above.
PICOT
Section 3: Use your PICOT to develop a formalized problem statement. Use the example below to help formulate your problem statement.
As you move through the program, you will be building your project based on the PICOT question. Your problem statement, purpose statement, and clinical question(s) will be derived from the PICOT, though they are formatted differently. Use the instructions below as an initial exercise in visualizing how your problem and purpose statements might look. Read the instructions and then develop your problem and purpose statements in the designated fields below each instruction field
Problem Statement Format Instructions
A well-written problem statement begins with the big picture of the issue (macro) and works to the small, narrower and more specific problem (micro). It clearly communicates the significance, magnitude, and importance of the problem and transitions into the Purpose of the Project with a declarative statement such as “It is not known if and to what degree/extent...” or “It is not known how/why and…”.
Other examples are:
While the literature indicates ____________, it is not known in _________. (organization/community) if __________.
It is not known how or to what extent ________________.
Problem Statement
Section 4: Based on your PICOT, create a declarative purpose statement. Use the example below as a reference.
Purpose Statement Format Instructions
"The purpose of this project is....” Included in this statement are also the project design, population, variables (quantitative) to be studied, and the geographic location.
Creswell (2003) provided some sample templates for developing purpose statements aligned with the different project methods as follows:
The purpose of this quantitative ___________ (correlational, descriptive, etc.) project is to ____________ (compare or see to what degree a relationship exists) between/among _______ ...
This document discusses recommendations from various national organizations for the use of Kangaroo Care. It begins by identifying organizations such as the WHO, CDC, AAP, and ACOG that recommend Kangaroo Care. It then reviews how evidence on the benefits of Kangaroo Care becomes guidelines that institutions can implement. Some key benefits discussed are improved breastfeeding rates, decreased infant pain and stress, and improved infant development. The document provides examples of guidelines from different organizations and reviews evidence from various studies on the positive outcomes of Kangaroo Care.
Kangaroo care involves extended skin-to-skin contact between a parent and their baby. It has benefits for both babies and parents such as easier breathing and sleep for babies, improved brain development, and increased milk production and bonding for mothers. Kangaroo care is done by placing the baby in an upright position against the parent's chest so as much skin is in contact as possible. It should be done for at least 30 minutes to 2 hours at a time to receive the full benefits.
6 breastfeeding and drugs and acceptable medical reasons for artificial feedi...Varsha Shah
This document discusses breastfeeding and drug use in mothers. It provides guidance on determining if a drug is safe for breastfeeding by considering factors like if the drug transfers to breastmilk, the effect on the infant, and if the infant can metabolize the drug. Common drugs are evaluated such as antidepressants, painkillers, and recreational drugs. Guidelines recommend against breastfeeding if using recreational drugs or drinking excess alcohol. Nicotine and methadone use may be allowed with certain precautions. Overall, the document provides a framework for evaluating drug safety and outlines recommendations to support breastfeeding whenever possible.
Mother and Baby Friendly Care: Practice of kangaroo mother careSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: An essential tool in the initial and ongoing training and teaching of any healthcare worker. This was written specifically for nurses, midwives and doctors who provide primary care for newborn infants in level 1 clinics and hospitals. It covers: Mother and Baby Friendly Care describes gentler, kinder, evidence-based ways of caring for women during pregnancy, labour and delivery. It also presents improved methods of providing infant care with an emphasis on kangaroo mother care and exclusive breastfeeding. It covers: mother-friendly care in pregnancy, a modern approach to normal labour, skin-to-skin care of infants, encouraging breastfeeding, a baby-friendly nursery.
Mother and Baby Friendly Care: Baby friendly careSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: An essential tool in the initial and ongoing training and teaching of any healthcare worker – Miriam Adhikari, South African Journal of Child Health, Primary Newborn Care was written specifically for nurses, midwives and doctors who provide primary care for newborn infants in level 1 clinics and hospitals. It covers: Mother and Baby Friendly Care describes gentler, kinder, evidence-based ways of caring for women during pregnancy, labour and delivery. It also presents improved methods of providing infant care with an emphasis on kangaroo mother care and exclusive breastfeeding. It covers: mother-friendly care in pregnancy, a modern approach to normal labour, skin-to-skin care of infants, encouraging breastfeeding, a baby-friendly nursery.
This document summarizes the benefits of skin-to-skin contact between mothers and infants immediately after birth. It discusses how skin-to-skin contact helps with bonding, breastfeeding, and maternal and infant health outcomes. Barriers to immediate skin-to-skin contact are also addressed. The presentation provides guidance to nurses on how to support mothers in initiating and continuing skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.
Kangaroo mother care is a method of caring for low birth weight babies that provides skin-to-skin contact between the mother and baby. It improves health outcomes by promoting breastfeeding, temperature regulation, and bonding. Key components of kangaroo mother care include skin-to-skin contact in an upright position, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital with regular follow ups. It has numerous benefits for both babies and mothers such as improved physiological stability, reduced infection risk, enhanced bonding, and promotion of breastfeeding.
Constraints of exclusive breastfeeding practice among breastfeeding mothers i...Oba Adeboye
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life as the best way of feeding an infant. The result of this study will increase the knowledge and encourage mothers on exclusive breastfeeding in Alimosho General Hospital, Igando and also show them the dangers of not practicing exclusive breastfeeding. It will also help the Nurse to debunk myths about exclusive breastfeeding. Using a concurrent mixed method approach, a structured questionnaire was administered to 100 breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding was perceived as essential to baby's health. It strengthens the physical and spiritual bond between mothers and their children. Exclusive breastfeeding was considered essential but demanding. The research however reveals larger percentage of the respondents are between 25-35 years in the study
Mother and Baby Friendly Care: Principles of kangaroo mother careSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: An essential tool in the initial and ongoing training and teaching of any healthcare worker – Miriam Adhikari, South African Journal of Child Health, Primary Newborn Care was written specifically for nurses, midwives and doctors who provide primary care for newborn infants in level 1 clinics and hospitals. It covers: Mother and Baby Friendly Care describes gentler, kinder, evidence-based ways of caring for women during pregnancy, labour and delivery. It also presents improved methods of providing infant care with an emphasis on kangaroo mother care and exclusive breastfeeding. It covers: mother-friendly care in pregnancy, a modern approach to normal labour, skin-to-skin care of infants, encouraging breastfeeding, a baby-friendly nursery.
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her low birth weight baby, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. It was developed as an alternative to incubator care for preterm infants in Colombia. The WHO recommends KMC for newborns weighing 2000g or less, as it improves health outcomes for babies and bonding between mother and child. KMC benefits include reduced risk of infection, apnea, and oxygen requirements for babies, as well as lower stress levels, bonding, and economic benefits for families and health systems.
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a way of caring for low birth weight babies that promotes skin-to-skin contact between mothers and infants, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. It has benefits such as increased breastfeeding rates, better infant weight gain and thermal control, and reduced infant stress, morbidity, and risk of infection. KMC involves placing the infant in an upright position between the mother's breasts for prolonged periods each day. It can be initiated in stable infants and its duration gradually increased. Monitoring is required to ensure proper infant positioning and health.
This document provides an overview of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which involves skin-to-skin contact between low-birth weight babies and their mothers. KMC promotes breastfeeding, thermal control, and parental bonding. It consists of prolonged, continuous skin-to-skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding. The benefits of KMC include increased breastfeeding rates, better temperature regulation, reduced infection risk, early discharge from the hospital, and stronger parental bonding. The document outlines the components, prerequisites, eligibility criteria, procedures, monitoring, and follow-up care involved in implementing KMC.
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves continuous skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. The document discusses the components and benefits of KMC, which include improved growth, reduced morbidity and hospital stay for low birth weight babies. A study found that babies receiving KMC had better weight gain and developmental measures than babies receiving conventional care in the hospital. KMC was also found to be acceptable, affordable and beneficial to mothers and families.
Kangaroo mother care is generally given to low birth weight babies. it is very essential for baby's health. there are many benefits of KMC as it provides warmth to he child, helps in breast feeding and helps in maintaining good attachment. please read this and get knowledge. this information will help young mothers more. stay tuned.
Presentation on kangaroo mother care by Devi pravallika pharm D.
A small presentation which lets you understand kangaroo mother care a very useful but underrated and not so well known method.
Impact of neonatal nurses’ guidelines on improving their knowledgeAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that evaluated the impact of guidelines on neonatal nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding kangaroo mother care. The study found that the guidelines improved nurses' knowledge and practices in supporting kangaroo mother care, which facilitates parent-infant bonding. Kangaroo mother care involves skin-to-skin contact between a parent and premature infant and provides physiological and developmental benefits. While nurses saw benefits, some had concerns about safety and workload that could influence implementation of kangaroo mother care practices. Education is important for nurses to gain knowledge and skills in facilitating kangaroo mother care, but changing attitudes is also important for improving adoption of related practices.
Session 7 hospital practices that assist with breastfeeding 2016Siwon Lee
This document discusses hospital practices that support breastfeeding. It identifies three key strategies for early breastfeeding management: rooming-in, baby-led feeding including skin-to-skin contact, and helping sleepy and crying babies without unnecessary supplements. Rooming-in facilitates bonding and breastfeeding by allowing mothers to learn their baby's feeding cues. Baby-led feeding through skin-to-skin contact improves breastfeeding outcomes and helps babies feed more effectively. Hospitals should establish policies that support exclusive breastfeeding through rooming-in and limiting supplements and artificial feeding methods.
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a technique where premature or low birth weight babies are kept skin-to-skin against the mother's bare chest to help regulate the baby's temperature, heart rate and breathing. KMC has several purposes such as promoting bonding and attachment between mother and baby, improving parental confidence, and increasing milk production and breastfeeding success. The main components of KMC are skin-to-skin contact in an upright position, exclusive breastfeeding on demand, and physical and emotional support for the mother from family and healthcare providers.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was launched globally in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF to promote breastfeeding and adopted 10 steps to support breastfeeding in hospitals, with over 152 countries now implementing the initiative. India established a national task force in 1992 to improve breastfeeding practices in hospitals and certify them as "Baby-Friendly" if they follow the 10 steps. The initiative has been shown to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates for the first six months.
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.docxwrite22
The document discusses two quantitative studies on breastfeeding. The Tang et al. (2019) study examined the association between maternal education and breastfeeding practices in China. It found higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding among those with lower education levels and incomes. The Yohmi et al. (2015) study assessed the effectiveness of antenatal breastfeeding education and found it improved breastfeeding initiation and duration. Both studies support providing breastfeeding education to nursing students and mothers to improve infant health outcomes.
06067 Topic FINAL PICOT TEMPLATENumber of Pages 1 (Double Sphirstcruz
06067 Topic: FINAL PICOT TEMPLATE
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 4
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Coursework
Academic Level:Master
Category: Nursing
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
**** PLEASE JUST FILL IN INFO FROM STUDY ALREADY DONE AND PAID FOR- I AM ATTACHING ALL PERTINENT FILES. THANK YOU.
The purpose of this assignment is to create a final PICOT question for your DPI Project.
General Requirements:
•
APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
•
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
•
Directions :
Using the "PICOT Question Template," submit your final PICOT question
PICOT Question Template
Section 1: In this section provide one word to describe each section of your proposed PICOT question
P
Population
I
Intervention
C
Comparison
O
Outcome
T
Timeline
Section 2: Write your PICOT question below using the words listed above.
PICOT
Section 3: Use your PICOT to develop a formalized problem statement. Use the example below to help formulate your problem statement.
As you move through the program, you will be building your project based on the PICOT question. Your problem statement, purpose statement, and clinical question(s) will be derived from the PICOT, though they are formatted differently. Use the instructions below as an initial exercise in visualizing how your problem and purpose statements might look. Read the instructions and then develop your problem and purpose statements in the designated fields below each instruction field
Problem Statement Format Instructions
A well-written problem statement begins with the big picture of the issue (macro) and works to the small, narrower and more specific problem (micro). It clearly communicates the significance, magnitude, and importance of the problem and transitions into the Purpose of the Project with a declarative statement such as “It is not known if and to what degree/extent...” or “It is not known how/why and…”.
Other examples are:
While the literature indicates ____________, it is not known in _________. (organization/community) if __________.
It is not known how or to what extent ________________.
Problem Statement
Section 4: Based on your PICOT, create a declarative purpose statement. Use the example below as a reference.
Purpose Statement Format Instructions
"The purpose of this project is....” Included in this statement are also the project design, population, variables (quantitative) to be studied, and the geographic location.
Creswell (2003) provided some sample templates for developing purpose statements aligned with the different project methods as follows:
The purpose of this quantitative ___________ (correlational, descriptive, etc.) project is to ____________ (compare or see to what degree a relationship exists) between/among _______ ...
Implementation of Literature Research and Design Sam.docxsheronlewthwaite
Implementation of Literature Research and Design Sampling to Vaccines
Stephanie Dennison
Chamberlain University
NR 505: Advanced Research Methods
December 2018
Running head: VACCINATIONS
Running head: VACCINATIONS
Implementation of Literature Research and Design Sampling to Vaccines
In this section of the paper, the author will continue to delve into the evidence-based proposal project. The author will discuss ten single study research articles related to the topic of vaccines. The author will then identify the quantitative approach and discuss the selected design further. The author will then discuss the target population and how the research will be gathered. The PDSA Change Model will be described in great detail along with how it is applicable to the research.
Research Literature Support
In this section, the author will disseminate research studies consistent with the childhood vaccination topic. For healthy children 2 months and older (P), how does parental education about vaccines (I) compared to no supplemental education about vaccines (C) increase the number of vaccinated children (O) in a six-week time period (T)? We will explore this PICOT question and find support from previous studies.
Jin et al. (2018)published a study that aimed to review the immunization status of cochlear implant recipients, assess if adding a vaccine specialist made a change in vaccine compliance, and elucidate any barriers to vaccine compliance. This study implemented the quantitative approach. Chart review and a telephone survey were used to obtain vaccination status and collect data. The results were that ninety-eight percent of children were vaccinated before surgery as opposed to sixty-seven percent prior to the vaccine specialist consultation. A strength of this study was the inclusion of one hundred and sixteen children. One limitation of this study was the fact that data was collected via a telephone survey. The parents could have been dishonest about whether their child was vaccinated or not.
Kaufman et al. (2017) conducted a study that aimed to define different ways to communicate interventions for routine vaccinations and integrate them into a hierarchy of vaccination communication. The quantitative approach was used. Through a targeted literature search, primary fieldwork observation, and consultations with stakeholders data was collected including inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were the creation of a hierarchy that is categorized by purpose and outlines communication interventions to address gaps in vaccination education. A strength of the study was that data was collected globally during the literature search. The interventions suggested have not been reviewed for accuracy, therefore, the hierarchy could show gaps in evidence.
Weidemann et al. (2017) set out to create a mathematical transmission model to examine differences in childhood vaccination efficacy. Transmission modeling was ...
The document summarizes research on decreasing elective inductions of labor. It discusses how elective inductions increase risks for both mother and baby compared to spontaneous labor. Akinsipe et al. (2012) found that implementing policies restricting elective inductions under 39 weeks led to lower cesarean rates, decreased maternal and neonatal morbidity, and increased spontaneous labor rates. The document concludes policies are needed to better educate patients on risks of elective inductions and restrict scheduling them without medical need to improve birth outcomes.
Interventions In Primary Care To Promote Breastfeeding An Evidence Review For...Biblioteca Virtual
Primary care-initiated interventions can effectively promote breastfeeding. A systematic review of 38 randomized controlled trials found that breastfeeding promotion interventions in developed countries significantly increased short-term (1 to 3 months) and long-term (6 to 8 months) exclusive breastfeeding rates. Combining pre- and postnatal interventions and including lay support, such as peer counseling, were most effective in increasing breastfeeding duration. No harms from breastfeeding promotion interventions were reported.
1Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique And Ethical Consider.docxaulasnilda
1
Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique And Ethical Considerations
Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique And Ethical Considerations 2
Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Christiana Bona
Grand Canyon University
October 16, 2019
Childhood Obesity
Picot Question: How do the new practical approaches in the diagnosis and management help in the reduction of obesity issues as compared to the lack of reliance on the traditional approaches (diet and exercise)?
Background
Childhood obesity is considered to be a major international growing problem. Even though there is a high rate of obesity cases in the United States and other regions of the world for the past 30 years, there is still a lack of clear treatment approaches to be applied to reduce this incidence. Healthcare providers are lacking ideas on where they should find approaches related to the guidance and the process of managing the healthcare services to about one-third of the population who are affected by the healthcare issues associated with obesity. The Pediatric Obesity Algorithm is now considered to be an evidence-based approach in terms of diagnosing and managing childhood obesity. The authors of this study aimed at providing a summary of the topics from the Pediatric Obesity Algorithm related to the diagnosis of pediatric obesity, assessment, and management. Other tasks include the performance of differential diagnosis, reviewing the systems, diagnosis of the workup, physical examinations, management of age-specific, and the treatment of the associated weight gain. The outcome of this study will, therefore, help in the identification and treatment of children with obesity through using the Pediatric Obesity Algorithm which serves as a guide to healthcare providers with evidence-based approaches to the diagnosis process and managing obesity in children and offering families with the tools they require to ensure that there is healthy future.
How the article is supporting the topic
The article above is talking about some of the present gaps concerning the management and treatment of obesity among children. Through identifying that there is an absence of clear treatment approaches that can be relied on the treat and manage obesity among children, the authors of this article proposed that the Pediatric Obesity Algorithm can be successful in providing evidence-based approaches for diagnosing and amanging childhood obesity. Therefore, Pediatric Obesity Algorithm can be considered as a new approach in managing and diagnosisng obesity among children as compared to the traditional methods that involve watching the diet and exercise which is sometimes not followed by children. Pediatric Obesity Algorithm approach is helping in ensuring that there is a proper physical examination, age-specific management, use of medication and surgery, and performance of differential diagnosis among other procedures that are performed in this approach.
Method of ...
This document reviews factors that influence mothers in the WIC program to choose formula feeding over breastfeeding for their infants. Several studies examined found that parents who formula feed generally have less knowledge of the health benefits of breastfeeding and a less positive attitude towards it. A cohort study found that breastfed infants enrolled in WIC programs saved over $400 in expenses in their first 6 months compared to formula fed infants. A review also showed that education and support services are effective at increasing the duration of breastfeeding. The document suggests WIC programs develop policies to better promote and educate mothers on breastfeeding.
The Effect of Breastfeeding on Children’s CognitionAlgham.docxcherry686017
The Effect of Breastfeeding on
Children’s Cognition
Alghamdi
Comparative Analysis
Research Question what are the effects of breastfeeding on children’s cognition?
This analysis is intended to summarize the two studies of interest and attempt to answer the research question.
Study one: Breastfeeding and child cognitive outcomes
Study two: The effect of breastfeeding on child development at 5 years: A cohort study
Article #1 Summary
Conducted by: Jiang, M., Foster, E., & Gibson-Davis
Purpose: To investigate the the effects of breastfeeding duration and initiation on children’s cognition (perception).
This study took into account previous studies, and it intended to discover the deficiencies that other studies have on the same topic area.
This study focused on confounding variables that can intervene with results.
Article # 1 Summary(Methodology)
Design
The method used is correlational study since it studied the relationship between breastfeeding and cognition. There were 3,271 participants selected from The Child Development Supplement(CDS).
Materials
Tests
1-Woodcock Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised(WJ-R), which examines cognitive abilities in different areas, such as present progress position and proficiency in math and literacy(Reading).
2-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) tests, which examines children’s capability to deal with information in memory( working memory).
Article # 1 Summary(Methodology)
Materials(Continue)
The Child Development Supplement(CDS)
is a part of The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The participants and their families where selected from CDS. Also, CDS provides information concerning children and their families, such as cognitive abilities, children’s families and neighborhood conditions (Health).
1997 CDS interviews
Previous literature
CDS Data
Article # 1 (Methodology)
Data collection procedures
Variables
1-Cognition data were collected from tests mentioned.
2-Breastfeeding initiation and period are the independent variables and were collected from 1997 CDS interviews. Breastfeeding can be divided into four groups: not once breastfeed, less that 6 months, between 7 months and year and more than a year.
3- Confounding variables were collected from lit review, CDS and PSID. There are three groups of confounding variables:
Article # 1 (Methodology)
A-Children confounding variables
B-Mothers confounding variables, such as IQ scores taken from 1997 CDS, education and age.
C-Family confounding variables, such as income since the child birth.
Note: there are many confounding variables that had been investigated. However, there is no space to mention them here.
Article # 1 (Methodology)
Data analysis Procedures
Propensity Score Matching is ,According to Jiang et al. ( 2011) ,“ the conditional probability of assignment to treatment given a set of covariates” Calculating Propensity Score for breastfeeding initiation.
Calculati ...
Do Maternity Policies in the UK in practice enable and empower women to make ...Claire Carey
This chapter provides a historical overview of maternity policy development in the UK from the 1940s onwards. Key policies and reports are discussed, including the introduction of the NHS in 1948, the Cranbrook Report in 1959, and the influential Peel Report in 1970 which recommended all births take place in hospitals. Criticism of medicalization of birth and lack of women's voices in policy led to advocacy groups campaigning for informed choice. Later reports in the 1980s reinforced hospital birth recommendations but alternative views calling for less intervention and empowering women were also emerging. The analysis sets the context for understanding women's experiences within the system.
Evidence-based intrapartum practice and.pdfheidilee52
The study aimed to describe evidence-based intrapartum care practices and associated factors at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines through direct observation of 170 deliveries and interviews with healthcare providers. While recommended practices like prophylactic oxytocin were followed in most cases, potentially harmful practices like episiotomy in 92% of first-time mothers and fundal pressure in 31% of mothers were also observed. Factors associated with episiotomy included being a first-time mother, longer second stage of labor, and assisted delivery. Factors linked to fundal pressure were being a first-time mother, oxytocin augmentation, and assisted delivery. Healthcare providers believed these practices can prevent tearing, though the rate of severe
The document summarizes research on kangaroo care (KC), a technique where preterm or low birth weight infants are held skin-to-skin against a parent's chest. Five studies found that KC improved physiological outcomes for neonates like thermoregulation and weight gain, enhanced brain development and function, and was a safe and effective alternative to conventional incubator care. However, the studies also noted a need for further research on KC's effects with different populations of infants and durations of the intervention to help develop clinical protocols.
This document describes a study that examined practice variation in the diagnosis and treatment of chorioamnionitis among US obstetricians. The study involved distributing a survey to 500 obstetricians querying their demographics, practice setting, and chorioamnionitis management strategies. 212 surveys were analyzed. The results found wide variation in diagnostic criteria, antibiotic regimens, and postpartum treatment duration. Specifically, over 25 different antibiotic regimens were reported, with 30% using a single agent. Postpartum treatment duration ranged from no treatment to 48 hours. No practitioner characteristics were independently associated with diagnostic or treatment strategies. This variation may reflect a lack of high-quality evidence on best practices for chorio
Research two (2) manufacturing or two (2) service companies that m.docxbrittneyj3
Research two (2) manufacturing or two (2) service companies that manage inventory and complete this assignment.
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:
1. Determine the types of inventories these companies currently manage and describe their essential inventory characteristics.
2. Analyze how each of their goods and service design concepts are integrated.
3. Evaluate the role their inventory plays in the company's performance, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction.
4. Compare and contrast the four (4) different types of layouts found with each company; explain the importance of the layouts to the company's manufacturing or service operations.
5. Determine at least two (2) metrics to evaluate supply chain performance of the companies; suggest improvements to the design and operations of their supply chains based on those metrics.
6. Suggest ways to improve the inventory management for each of the companies without affecting operations and the customer benefit package. Provide a rationale to support the suggestion.
7. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Your Name
Date
Article # 1
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 2
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 3
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 4
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 5
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 6
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 7
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 8
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 9
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
Article # 10
APA Citation
What is the article about?
Why was the research performed?
Findings
Strengths
Weaknesses
Implications for Practice
Key Words
.
There are two main feeding methods for preterm infants in the NICU - practitioner-driven feeding (PDF) and infant-driven feeding (IDF). Recent research shows IDF decreases time to full oral feeds and earlier hospital discharge. IDF relies on infant feeding cues rather than scheduled intervals. While physicians and nurses initially resisted IDF due to biases, education increased confidence in the method. IDF is now widely adopted as it improves outcomes for infants and lowers hospital costs without compromising safety. Further research is still needed on high-risk infants and implementing IDF protocols.
The document outlines Methodist Dallas Medical Center's plan to achieve Baby-Friendly designation by adopting several evidence-based practices. The plan includes having a neonatal admission nurse care for infants in the same location as mothers to promote skin-to-skin contact and rooming-in. Research shows these practices improve breastfeeding and maternal-infant bonding. The plan also delays unnecessary interventions like early infant bathing to prevent hypothermia and supports breastfeeding within one hour of birth.
Breastfeeding Practices of Postnatal Mothers: Exclusivity, Frequency and Dura...IJEAB
This study examined breastfeeding practices of 299 postnatal mothers in southeast Nigeria in terms of exclusivity, frequency, and duration. The results showed that most mothers exclusively breastfed for a short period, with 22.3% exclusively breastfeeding for 1 month and 31.5% for 4-6 months. The majority (80.7%) breastfed infants on demand day and night, while 40.5% reported infants suckling for over 20 minutes. Breastfeeding patterns were found to differ across primary, secondary, and tertiary health institutions, though not significantly. The study concluded that efforts are needed to motivate mothers to exclusively breastfeed for the recommended 6 months.
Screening Tool for Developmental Disorders in ChildrenApollo Hospitals
Developmental problems are a diverse group of conditions that affect and limit children and their life-chances. A ready reference for a Paediatrician would be the first six chapters of the latest edition (18th) of the Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (The Field of Pediatrics, Growth & Development, Psychological Disorders, Social Issues, Children with Special Health Needs and Nutrition and Human Genetics and Metabolic Diseases).
Pediatric Hospital Medicine Top 10 (ish) 2014rdudas
The article "The survival time of chocolates on hospital wards: covert observational study" studied how long chocolates lasted on hospital wards before being eaten. Researchers covertly placed chocolates in hospital wards and recorded how long they remained. On average, chocolates lasted only 75 minutes before being consumed, with large variations based on ward type and time of day. The study highlights issues around food security and integrity on hospital wards.
This document describes a study that conducted focus groups with pregnant and postpartum women employed in an urban corporate setting in North Carolina. The purpose was to examine their knowledge gaps and recommend topics for maternal education programs sponsored by health insurance companies. Two focus groups were held with a total of 8 participants. Responses were analyzed using NVivo software. Results indicated several topics that should be considered for educational materials, including visual content, interactivity, father involvement, breastfeeding/bottle feeding, booklet length, and mental health/postpartum depression. However, the small sample size limits generalizability, so more in-depth focus groups are needed to inform future studies.
This document discusses the potential for noninvasive prenatal DNA testing (NIDT) to become the standard screening test for Down syndrome in all pregnant women. It presents perspectives both for and against this proposition. Those in favor argue that NIDT has higher accuracy and lower risk than current invasive screening tests, so it respects patient autonomy and informed choice better. However, others are more cautious and want more data on costs and outcomes before widely implementing NIDT as the standard of care for all pregnancies. Overall the debate centers on whether NIDT should replace current screening paradigms or be offered as an additional option based on its advantages over existing tests.
Neonatal intensive care nurses provide care for premature and sick newborns. An associate's or bachelor's degree in nursing is required along with certification from passing a national exam. These nurses can work in Level II-IV neonatal intensive units that care for babies with different needs. They may become specialists in areas like development. Ethical issues around access to care, costs, and outcomes must be considered. National organizations like AWHONN support neonatal nurses through advocacy, education and setting standards of practice.
This document provides discharge instructions for Raul Rodriguez, an infant diagnosed with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) who was readmitted to the emergency room 10 days after discharge. The instructions summarize what PDA is, explain the medication indomethacin that Raul has been prescribed, provide signs to watch for that require emergency care, and list follow up steps including seeing a cardiologist and pediatrician. However, the original instructions given to Raul's parents were in English and included excessive medical terminology, and as a result the parents did not understand that Raul needed cardiology follow up, leading to his readmission.
This document provides directions and a rubric for Assignment #1. It instructs student teams to research and develop a campaign to improve compliance with an evidence-based safe practice at Texas A&M Hospital. Teams must complete a PDSA worksheet to plan their quality improvement project, focusing on aims, measures, changes, testing the change, analyzing data and recommending future changes. They must also create an educational poster presenting the scope of the problem, evidence for their strategy, and plan. The rubric awards points for completion of the PDSA worksheet and poster components, inclusion of evidence-based information, professional presentation, and timely submission.
The document provides directions for a nursing assignment involving developing an evidence-based quality improvement campaign. Students will select a safe nursing process, research best practices, and develop a poster and worksheet presenting their campaign. The worksheet requires outlining a PDSA cycle to test a change to improve compliance. An example worksheet is included showing a "Clip, Don't Nick" initiative to switch from shaving to clipping surgical sites based on infection risk evidence. The poster must address the problem scope, safety link, evidence source, and plan. The assignment is due by a specified date and will be graded based on a rubric.
The document summarizes a pediatric teaching project presented to fourth graders on dental hygiene. It covered proper brushing and flossing techniques, healthy snack options, and an introduction to orthodontics. A pre-test showed the students had some baseline knowledge but struggled identifying healthy snacks. During the presentation, various teaching methods including videos and worksheets were used. A post-test activity found the students could correctly answer all questions, showing the learning objectives were achieved. The project was beneficial but could be improved by better understanding the class' personality in advance to tailor activities appropriately.
Rachel White is a senior nursing student at Texas A&M University Health Science Center expected to graduate in December 2017 with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing. She has a nursing GPA of 3.56 and cumulative GPA of 3.66. Rachel has clinical experience in various medical units including NICU, pediatrics, ICU, emergency department, labor and delivery. She is currently completing her senior practicum at Baylor Scott & White Medical Center and The Physicians Centre Hospital. Upon graduation, Rachel will be certified in PALS, NRP, and BLS. She has additional healthcare experience as a pediatric caregiver and volunteer. Rachel is involved in several professional organizations and holds leadership roles in the Nurses Christian
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...Ear Solutions (ESPL)
Binaural hearing using two hearing aids instead of one offers numerous advantages, including improved sound localization, enhanced sound quality, better speech understanding in noise, reduced listening effort, and greater overall satisfaction. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process sound from both ears, binaural hearing aids provide a more balanced, clear, and comfortable hearing experience. If you or a loved one is considering hearing aids, consult with a hearing care professional at Ear Solutions hearing aid clinic in Mumbai to explore the benefits of binaural hearing and determine the best solution for your hearing needs. Embracing binaural hearing can lead to a richer, more engaging auditory experience and significantly improve your quality of life.
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardso...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
For More Details:
Map: https://cutt.ly/BwCeflYo
Name: Apollo Hospital
Address: Singar Nagar, LDA Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012
Phone: 08429021957
Opening Hours: 24X7
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CT
Skin-to-Skin EBP
1. Running head: SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 1
Benefits of Newborn Skin-to-Skin Contact Compared to No Contact in Low-Birth-
Weight Infants
Rachel White
NURS 411: Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses
October 18, 2016
Dr. Nancy Downing
2. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 2
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the guideline published by Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center in April of 2013 regarding the use of skin-to-skin
contact in the treatment of low-birth-weight infants. The guideline asserts that there is not
enough evidence to support the claim that skin-to-skin contact is beneficial in the
treatment of these neonates. However, my findings suggest that skin-to-skin contact is a
safe and beneficial treatment option for the population in question and, as a result, the
aforementioned guideline should be changed. This change could result in improved care
for millions of low-birth-weight infants.
3. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 3
Benefits of Newborn Skin-to-Skin Contact Compared to No Contact
According to the World Health Organization ([WHO], 2016), more than 20
million infants are considered low-birth-weight, meaning that they weigh less than 2.5 kg
at birth. Because of their low weight, these infants are at an increased risk of further
health complications such as delayed growth, infectious disease, delayed development,
and death.” Countless studies have linked improvement in the conditions of these low-
birth-weight infants to the use of skin-to-skin contact (also known as kangaroo care,
kangaroo mother care, and KMC). However, one guideline (see Appendix A) by the
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (2013), asserts that there is insufficient
evidence to make a recommendation on the use of kangaroo care.
It is important that this guideline be reviewed because the sources used to support
the guideline are outdated and new evidence and studies present opposite conclusions.
More recent evidence supports that kangaroo care is beneficial for infant health, mother
and child bonding, and is of little or no cost to hospitals; and a large percentage of low-
weight births occur in developing countries that do not have access to advanced medicine
and, thus, need to improve the health of their infants with easy, low cost treatments such
as kangaroo care.
Recommendations for practice as well as conclusions drawn from the research
will follow an overview of the practice guideline and synthesis of the evidence examined.
Also attached is a full copy of the guideline previously mentioned, an evidence grid, and
references.
4. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 4
Overview of the Practice Guideline
In the guideline “Best evidence statement (BESt). Skin to skin care in a level III-
IV NICU.” (see Appendix A for full guideline) published by Cincinnati Children’s
Hospital Medical Center, it is presented that there is not enough evidence to make a
decision as to whether skin to skin contact (also referred to as kangaroo care) between
babies in the NICU and their parents is beneficial. This guideline focuses mainly on
premature or sick infants that are residing in a neonatal intensive care unit rather than a
newborn nursery and its objective is to evaluate is receiving skin-to-skin care improves
infant outcomes. A nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit can take this guideline into
consideration when determining if kangaroo care should be initiated between the
premature infant and their mother (and often father).
While this guideline comes from a reputable hospital source, it does have a few
problems. The methodology section of the guideline states that information from 1999 to
2012 was used in the collection of evidence but only two articles were cited as sources
upon which this decision was made. First, thirteen years is an extremely large window of
time from which to obtain sources, many of which are considered out of date by the
publication of this guideline. Second, the guideline only names two sources to support
their assertion that there is not enough evidence to claim that skin-to-skin contact
between mother and baby is beneficial to infants hospitalized in the NICU after birth.
This guideline could possibly be changed with the review of new research, but there have
been no developments or updates since its publication by Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Medical Center in April of 2013.
5. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 5
Synthesis of Evidence
Each of the five articles analyzed and presented in the evidence grid (see
Appendix B) sought to determine if kangaroo care (also referred to as kangaroo mother
care, KMC, and skin to skin contact) was beneficial for newborns. These studies
observed and measured the affect of kangaroo care on variables such as weight, head
circumference, feedings, length of hospital stay, incidence of disease or other
complications, and feelings of mothers and other caretakers. They then compared these
observations to those seen in infants that were not exposed to kangaroo care.
Two of the articles presented in the evidence grid specifically analyzed the
feelings of mothers and caregivers participating in skin to skin contact and the barriers
and enablers that they experienced to providing this care. A large percentage of the
people studied voiced positive experiences with kangaroo care. One common theme
voiced by mother and caregivers throughout the articles is the feeling of attachment and
bonding with their infant (Seidman et al., 2015). Individuals also frequently reported
feeling good and the sense of doing something beneficial for their child (Anderzén-
Carlsson, Lamy, Eriksson, 2014). While the majority of those studied had positive
experiences and feelings to share regarding kangaroo care, others had a more negative
opinion. Some considered kangaroo care to be an energy draining form of caring for their
child accompanied with fear of hurting their baby (Anderzen-Carlsson et al., 2014) .
Others described their experiences as being negative due to lack of knowledge, resources,
and assistance with the process (Seidman et al., 2015).
Three of the articles that were analyzed in the evidence grid studied the effects of
kangaroo care on infants using quantitative measures. Each of these studies reported
6. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 6
positive outcomes for infants in their different areas studied. One of the studies found that
kangaroo care could be used as a safe alternative to traditional neonatal care, particularly
in areas of limited resources (Conde-Agudelo, Díaz-Rossello, 2016). Another
observational study sought to evaluate the effects of kangaroo care on newborn feedings
and reported that infants exposed to skin to skin contact at an earlier age were able to
achieve full oral feedings at an earlier date (Gianni et al., 2016). The last article reported
that although kangaroo care is equally as effective as standard care in improving the
growth rates of preterm infants, the infants not exposed to kangaroo care stayed an
average of 5.5 days longer in the hospital (Sharma, Murki, Pratap, 2016).
The evidence provided through these studies refutes the guideline in question and
supports my opinion that it should be changed. The guideline, published by Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, states that there is not enough evidence to conclude
whether skin to skin contact is beneficial for newborns. However, all five of these studies
present evidence that kangaroo care between a mother and her infant not only brings
health benefits for the baby, but can also benefit the mother or caretaker as well. The
positive results for infants and some mothers reported in these newer studies combined
with the possibility of decrease in hospital stays support my opinion that the guideline
should be changed.
7. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 7
Recommendations for Practice
The evidence grid (see Appendix B) outlines information presented by five
different research studies. These studies range in levels of evidence and content. Two are
of level I evidence; one studied randomized controlled trials to compare kangaroo care
and conventional care and the other examined other studies to determine barriers and
enablers to the practice of kangaroo care. One study was level II evidence and also
compared skin-to-skin contact to traditional methods of care using randomized controlled
trials. A fourth study presented level IV evidence by observing neonates to determine
whether kangaroo care affects the development of infant feeding skills. The fifth study
analyzed presented level V evidence (if not higher) by reviewing the experiences of
mothers and other caregivers participating in skin-to-skin contact. Each study was taken
from a peer-reviewed journal to ensure strong and reliable content. All of the articles
present in the grid were also published within the last five years (three were published in
the present year) so they represent the most recent medical knowledge and findings.
The references given in support of the article published by the Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center is extremely different than that of the articles
presented in the evidence grid. The first problem with the guideline evidence is the
number of sources given. While the evidence grid in Appendix B cites five sources, the
guideline published for national use only uses two to support their conclusion. Another
issue is the age of the data presented. Not only are the two articles listed as references
two to three years older than all of the studies in the grid, the guideline also uses data
from as early as 1999. The five studies presented here are all recent, credible, and show
positive results in favor of the use of skin-to-skin contact between newborns (especially
8. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 8
those of low-birth-weight) and their mothers or other caregivers. Instead of considering
the multiple sources of current data that have been published, the Cincinnati Children’s
Hospital Medical Center guideline uses very few sources and extremely outdated data to
make their recommendation against using a method of treatment that could possibly helps
millions of neonates.
Based on the mostly positive data presented in the studies included in the
evidence grid, kangaroo care should be used in the care of low-birth-weight infants.
According to this data, infants exposed to skin-to-skin contact earlier achieved full oral
feedings earlier and infants not exposed to skin-to-skin contact stayed an average of 5.5
days longer than those that were. It was also concluded to be a safe alternative to
conventional care for low-birth-weight infants. Kangaroo care costs little to nothing,
which could save hospital systems money and be of use in underdeveloped areas.
Because mothers frequently reported kangaroo care increased their bond with their infant
and it is not an invasive treatment, it is not limited to babies with low birth weights.
Based on these factors, the guideline in question should be altered to reflect the positive
impact kangaroo care can have on infants.
9. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 9
Conclusion
According to the data collected during the studies outlined in the evidence grid,
kangaroo care could help shorten hospital stays and the time it takes an infant to achieve
full oral feeding. In addition to the benefits it provides for the infant, skin-to-skin contact
also results in mostly positive emotions and experiences from the mothers or other
caregivers participating. The flaws of the original guideline combined with these recent
positive findings and list of possible benefits of kangaroo care make it clear that the
guideline needs to be changed. While the research outlined in the evidence grid makes a
strong case for this change, continued research could be beneficial in discovering further
benefits of the use of skin-to-skin contact. By changing this guideline to reflect recent
research, parents and hospitals would be encouraged to treat millions of low-birth-weight
neonates with a method of care that is non-invasive and not costly while still being
extremely beneficial for the infant.
10. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 10
References
Anderzén-Carlsson, A., Lamy, Z. C., & Eriksson, M. (2014). Parental experiences of
providing skin-to-skin care to their newborn infant—Part 1: A qualitative
systematic review. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and
Well-Being, 9. doi: 10.3402/qhw.v9.24906
Conde-Agudelo, A. & Díaz-Rossello, J. (2016). Kangaroo mother care to reduce
morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants. The Cochrane Library, (4), 3..
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002771.pub4
Gianni, M., Sannino, P., Bezze, E., Comito, C., Plevani, L., Roggero, P., . . . Masca, F.
(2016). Does parental involvement affect the development of feeding skills in
preterm infants? A prospective study. Early Human Development, 103, 123-128.
Seidman, G., Unnikrishnan, S., Kenny, E., Myslinski, S., Cairns-Smith, S., Mulligan, B.,
& Engmann, C. (2015). Barriers and enablers of kangaroo mother care practice: A
systematic review. PLoS One: A peer reviewed, open access journal, 10(5). doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0125643
Sharma, D., Murki, S. & Pratap, O.T. (2016). The effect of kangaroo ward care in
comparison with “intermediate intensive care” on the growth velocity in preterm
infant with birth weight <1100 g: Randomized control trial. European Journal of
Pediatrics, 175(10), 1317-1324.
World Health Organization (2016). Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and
mortality in low-birth-weight infants. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/elena/titles/kangaroo_care_infants/en/
11. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 11
Appendix A: Practice Guideline
Best evidence statement (BESt). Skin to
skin care in a level III-IV NICU.
Developer
Source
Status
Classification
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Best evidence statement (BESt). Skin to skin care in
a level III-IV NICU. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; 2013 Apr 30.
6 p. [6 references]
View the original guideline documentation
Sections
Download
Share
Cite
Save
Recommendations
Major Recommendations
The strength of the recommendation (strongly recommended, recommended, or no
recommendation) and the quality of the evidence (1a‒5b) are defined at the end of the
"Major Recommendations" field.
1. There is insufficient evidence and lack of consensus to make a recommendation
on the use of skin to skin care (SSC) to decrease the number of days on non-
invasive respiratory support or number of days on ventilation in a Level III-IV
neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a high income country.
2. There is insufficient evidence and lack of consensus to make a recommendation
on the use of SSC to decrease infection in a Level III-IV NICU in a high income
country.
12. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 12
3. It is not recommended that SSC be used to reduce mortality or length of stay in
a Level III-IV NICU in a high income country (Conde-Agudelo, Belizán, &
Diaz-Rossello, 2011 [1a]; Moore et al., 2012 [1a]).
Note: Randomized control trials in high income countries reported lower mean
duration in hours/day of intermittent SSC (Conde-Agudelo, Belizán, & Diaz-
Rossello, 2011 [1a]).
Definitions:
Table of Evidence Levels
Quality Level Definition
1a† or 1b† Systematic review, meta-analysis, or meta-synthesis of multiple studies
2a or 2b Best study design for domain
3a or 3b Fair study design for domain
4a or 4b Weak study design for domain
5a or 5b General review, expert opinion, case report, consensus report, or guideline
5 Local Consensus
†a = good quality study; b = lesser quality study
Table of Language and Definitions for Recommendation Strength
Language for Strength Definition
It is strongly recommended
that…
It is strongly recommended
that… not…
There is consensus that benefits clearly outweigh risks and burdens
(or visa-versa for negative recommendations).
It is recommended that…
It is recommended that…
not…
There is consensus that benefits are closely balanced with risks and
burdens.
There is insufficient evidence and a lack of consensus to make a recommendation…
13. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 13
Note: See the original guideline document for the dimensions used for judging the
strength of the recommendation.
Clinical Algorithm(s)
None provided
Scope
Disease/Condition(s)
Diseases and conditions requiring care in a Level III-IV neonatal intensive care unit
(NICU)
Guideline Category
Management
Prevention
Treatment
Clinical Specialty
Family Practice
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pediatrics
Preventive Medicine
Intended Users
Advanced Practice Nurses
Hospitals
Nurses
Physician Assistants
Physicians
14. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 14
Respiratory Care Practitioners
Guideline Objective(s)
To evaluate, among neonates in a Level III-IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), if
receiving skin to skin care (SSC) compared to those not receiving SSC improves
outcomes of decreased mortality, infection, length of hospital stay days on non-invasive
respiratory support, or days on a ventilator
Target Population
Neonates in a Level III-IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a high income country
Note: These guidelines do not apply to the following populations:
Neonates in the low acuity setting (such as a newborn nursery)
Neonates in a resource limited setting (low income country)
Interventions and Practices Considered
Skin to skin care (SSC)
Major Outcomes Considered
Mortality
Infection
Length of hospital stay
Days on non-invasive respiratory support
Days on a ventilator
Methodology
Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
Searches of Electronic Databases
Description of Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
Search Strategy
Databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL),
Cochrane Library, Medline
Search Terms: Skin to Skin Care, Kangaroo Care, Kangaroo Mother Care
Filters: 1999 to 2012, Human, English
15. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 15
Search Dates: October 16, 2012
Number of Source Documents
Not stated
Methods Used to Assess the Quality and Strength of the Evidence
Weighting According to a Rating Scheme (Scheme Given)
Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Evidence
Table of Evidence Levels
Quality Level Definition
1a† or 1b† Systematic review, meta-analysis, or meta-synthesis of multiple studies
2a or 2b Best study design for domain
3a or 3b Fair study design for domain
4a or 4b Weak study design for domain
5a or 5b General review, expert opinion, case report, consensus report, or guideline
5 Local Consensus
†a = good quality study; b = lesser quality study
Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
Review of Published Meta-Analyses
Systematic Review
Description of the Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
Not stated
Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
Expert Consensus
Description of Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
Not stated
Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Recommendations
Table of Language and Definitions for Recommendation Strength
Language for Strength Definition
16. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 16
Language for Strength Definition
It is strongly recommended
that…
It is strongly recommended
that… not…
There is consensus that benefits clearly outweigh risks and burdens
(or visa-versa for negative recommendations).
It is recommended that…
It is recommended that…
not…
There is consensus that benefits are closely balanced with risks and
burdens.
There is insufficient evidence and a lack of consensus to make a recommendation…
Note: See the original guideline document for the dimensions used for judging the
strength of the recommendation.
Cost Analysis
A formal cost analysis was not performed and published cost analyses were not reviewed.
Method of Guideline Validation
Peer Review
Description of Method of Guideline Validation
This Best Evidence Statement has been reviewed against quality criteria by two
independent reviewers from the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
(CCHMC) Evidence Collaboration.
Evidence Supporting the Recommendations
References Supporting the Recommendations
Conde-Agudelo A, Belizan JM, Diaz-Rossello J. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and
mortality in low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2011;(3):CD002771. PubMed
Moore ER, Anderson GC, Bergman N, Dowswell T. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and
their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;5:CD003519.PubMed
Type of Evidence Supporting the Recommendations
17. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 17
The type of supporting evidence is identified and graded for one recommendation (see
the "Major Recommendations" field). For two outcomes, there was insufficient evidence
to make a recommendation.
Benefits/Harms of Implementing the Guideline
Recommendations
Qualifying Statements
Implementation of the Guideline
Institute of Medicine (IOM) National Healthcare
Quality Report Categories
Identifying Information and Availability
Disclaimer
18. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 18
Appendix B: Evidence Grid
Citation (APA) Purpose Sample Design Measurement Results/Conclusions Level of
Evidence
Anderzén-Carlsson, A.,
Lamy, Z. C., & Eriksson,
M. (2014). Parental
experiences of providing
skin-to-skin care to their
newborn infant—Part 1: A
qualitative systematic
review. International
Journal of Qualitative
Studieson Health and
Well-Being. doi:
10.3402/qhw.v9.24906
Describe parental
experiences of
providing skin-to-
skin contact to
their newborn
N= 66
320 papers were
collected for
review, after which
66 remained for
further evaluation
After a screening
process,data from
the original
articles was
analyzed using
qualitative content
analysis
Data related to the
experiences of
parents using
kangaroo care was
extracted and further
analyzed sing meta-
data analysis
Two major themes and several
subthemes were identified through
the study; these included:
A restorative experience
o Feeling good
o Doing good
o Becoming us
An energy draining experience
o Feeling exposed
o Hurting others
Level V
Conde-Agudelo, A.
& Díaz-Rossello, J.
(2016). Kangaroo mother
care to reduce morbidity
and mortality in low
birthweight
infants. Cochrane
Neonatal Group. doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD002
771.pub4
Determine
whether there is
evidence to
support the use of
kangaroo care in
low birth weight
infants and to
assess beneficial
and adverse
effects
N= 3042
Risk ratio= 0.60
3042 infants
spanning 21
different studies
Randomized
controlled trials
used to compare
kangaroo care vs.
conventional
neonatal care and
early vs. late onset
kangaroo care in
low birth weight
infants
Infants were assessed
and observed in the
hospital after birth
and at their next
follow up
appointment
Kangaroo mother care is an effective
and safe alternative to conventional
neonatal care for low birth weight
infants (especially in areas limited in
resources)
Level I
Gianni, M., Sannino, P.,
Bezze, E., Comito, C.,
Plevani, L., Roggero, P., .
. . Masca, F. (2016). Does
parental involvement
affect the development of
feeding skills in preterm
infants? A prospective
Evaluate the effect
of kangaroo care
and parental
involvement on
the timing of
achievement of
full oral feeding in
preterm infants
N= 81
Total of 81 infants
born at or before a
gestationalage of
32 weeks
consecutively
admitted to a
tertiary NICU were
Prospective,
observational,
single-center
study
Neonatal variables,
day of postnatallife
on which kangaroo
care was started,and
information regarding
oral feedings was
recorded
The earlier that parents fed their
infants and the earlier that kangaroo
care was initiated, the earlier the
newborn was able to achieve full
oral feeding.
Level IV
19. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 19
study.Early Human
Development, 103.
observed
Seidman, G.,
Unnikrishnan, S., Kenny,
E., Myslinski, S., Cairns-
Smith, S., Mulligan, B., &
Engmann, C. (2015).
Barriers and enablers of
kangaroo mother care
practice: A systematic
review. PLoS One: A peer
reviewed, open access
journal, 10 (5). doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.012
5643
Identify the most
frequently
reported barriers
and enablers to
kangaroo care
practice
N= 103
Out of the 1264
publications
identified, 103
articles were
deemed relevant for
review
Each publication
was reviewed and
scanned for
barriers and
enablers
Each publication was
weighted based on the
level at which they
had systematically
tried to identify
factors influencing
kangaroo care
Top ranked barriers:
Issues with
environment/resources
Negative impressions/
interactions with staff
Lack of assistance with
kangaroo care
Low awareness of kangaroo
care
Pain/fatigue
Top ranked enablers:
Mother-infant attachment
Support from family, friends,
mentors
Level I
Sharma, D., Murki, S. &
Pratap, O.T. (2016). The
effect of kangaroo ward
care in comparison with
“intermediate intensive
care” on the growth
velocity in preterm infant
with birth weight <1100 g:
randomized control trial.
European Journal of
Pediatrics, 175 (10).
Compare the
efficacy of
kangaroo care and
standard newborn
care for improving
growth velocity
till term corrected
age
N= 141
Study conducted in
a hospital
department of
neonatology; 71
infants were
randomized to the
kangaroo care ward
while the other70
were randomized to
the intermediate
intensive care area
Randomized
controlled trials
used to compare
efficacy of
kangaroo care vs.
normal newborn
care in an
intermediate
intensive care
setting
Infants were
observed,assessed,
measured and
weighed in their
respective units
throughout their
hospital stay were
followed once a week
in a follow-up clinic
after discharge until
reaching a
postmenstrualage of
40 weeks
Early kangaroo care is equally
effective in improving the growth
outcomes of preterm infants as
standard intermediate intensive care.
However, infants in the intermediate
intensive care unit stayed an average
of 5.5 days longer than those infants
being cared for in the kangaroo care
ward.
Level II