This document provides biographical and professional details about Dr. Saurabh Agarwal. It lists his educational qualifications and positions held, including being a Professor of Accounting & Finance and Dean of the Indian Institute of Finance. It also lists his memberships in organizations like ASSOCHAM and the Governing Body of Dattopant Thengadi National Board for Worker's Education and Development.
17.inegrated farm enterprises ( most important farm enterprizes) A Series of ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides 56 potential agriculture and farming business ideas that could be started with varying levels of capital investment. Some of the business ideas discussed include dried flower production, fertilizer distribution, organic greenhouse farming, poultry farming, mushroom farming, sunflower farming, beekeeping, fish farming, fruit and vegetable export, and micronutrient manufacturing. A wide range of other agriculture businesses are also mentioned such as dairy farming, goat farming, jatropha farming, potato processing, corn farming, certified seed production, and more. The document suggests that many of these businesses have high profit potential and growing demand for products.
This document provides a pre-feasibility study for a tunnel farming project in Pakistan to produce off-season vegetables. It recommends establishing eight 30x100 foot tunnels on one acre of land with a total project cost of 1.542 million PKR. The project is expected to generate a net profit of 2.117 million PKR with an internal rate of return of 32% and payback period of 3.15 years, indicating strong financial viability. Key crops identified are tomatoes, cucumbers, and sweet peppers based on their market demand and suitable growing seasons in tunnels.
This document discusses farming techniques and their influence on agricultural patterns. It describes the processes of ploughing, sowing, and harvesting. Ploughing involves loosening the soil to bring nutrients to the surface and allow water to reach seeds. Sowing is placing seeds in ploughed soil and covering them. Harvesting occurs when crops are fully grown and ready to be collected from fields. The document also contrasts old and new farming methods, noting that old farms were smaller and relied more on human and animal labor while new farms are larger and use machinery.
This document provides an overview of protected cultivation in India. It discusses the global scenario of protected cultivation, with key countries like Netherlands, China, and Japan leading in area under protected cultivation. In India, protected cultivation started gaining commercial utilization in the 1980s and has grown steadily since then, reaching 20,000 hectares currently. The document outlines some of the major clusters for protected cultivation in India based on factors like climate, infrastructure, markets, policies, and prominent crops grown. It also provides a brief overview of the leading states and regions for protected cultivation in India.
Tunnel technology for Off season Vegetables by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Tunnel farming involves constructing plastic-covered structures called tunnels or greenhouses to grow crops out of season. In Pakistan, tunnel farming is used to grow summer vegetables like tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers during the winter months from December to February when temperatures are too low outdoors. The tunnels provide a controlled environment that shields crops from cold temperatures and allows year-round production. Tunnel farming provides higher yields than open-field farming due to the protective environment. It allows farmers to sell their produce earlier in the season when prices are higher, increasing their profits. There are different types of tunnels - low, walk-in, and high - depending on the height and size needed for the target crops.
This document provides information about a hydroponic growing magazine from India called "Soilless Gardening - India". The magazine aims to promote the soilless gardening industry in India and around the world. It will feature profiles of Indian and international companies, educational articles, news, and information about equipment and market analysis related to hydroponics and greenhouse growing. The publisher hopes the magazine and an accompanying exhibition will help the new soilless gardening industry in India to grow quickly by implementing achievements from around the world. The first issue features several news stories and interviews about hydroponic farming projects and companies.
Pitaya has desirable characteristics for being a replacement commercial crop such as being easy to propagate from cuttings, having low maintenance needs, short time between planting and harvesting compared to other fruits, and high yields. It is also a perennial crop that can provide income for 20-30 years with proper care. A one hectare pitaya farm would require an initial capital of 1.1 million PHP, have a yearly operating expense of 394,000 PHP, and would reach a return on investment within 3-4 years, providing an annual income of 1 million PHP minimum for the following years, as well as additional income from products made from pitaya.
This document discusses a study on user profiles, usage patterns, and income generation from protected cultivation technology in North and South Indian regions. It provides information on:
1. The objectives of the study which were to analyze user profiles of polyhouse growers, study usage patterns of protected cultivation, and assess profitability.
2. The research methodology which involved collecting primary data through farmer interviews and secondary data from various sources using a multi-stage sampling technique.
3. Key findings of the analysis which showed the majority of farmers were aged 30-40, grew cucumbers and gerberas, earned an average annual income of 9-10 lakhs per acre from polyhouse cultivation.
17.inegrated farm enterprises ( most important farm enterprizes) A Series of ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides 56 potential agriculture and farming business ideas that could be started with varying levels of capital investment. Some of the business ideas discussed include dried flower production, fertilizer distribution, organic greenhouse farming, poultry farming, mushroom farming, sunflower farming, beekeeping, fish farming, fruit and vegetable export, and micronutrient manufacturing. A wide range of other agriculture businesses are also mentioned such as dairy farming, goat farming, jatropha farming, potato processing, corn farming, certified seed production, and more. The document suggests that many of these businesses have high profit potential and growing demand for products.
This document provides a pre-feasibility study for a tunnel farming project in Pakistan to produce off-season vegetables. It recommends establishing eight 30x100 foot tunnels on one acre of land with a total project cost of 1.542 million PKR. The project is expected to generate a net profit of 2.117 million PKR with an internal rate of return of 32% and payback period of 3.15 years, indicating strong financial viability. Key crops identified are tomatoes, cucumbers, and sweet peppers based on their market demand and suitable growing seasons in tunnels.
This document discusses farming techniques and their influence on agricultural patterns. It describes the processes of ploughing, sowing, and harvesting. Ploughing involves loosening the soil to bring nutrients to the surface and allow water to reach seeds. Sowing is placing seeds in ploughed soil and covering them. Harvesting occurs when crops are fully grown and ready to be collected from fields. The document also contrasts old and new farming methods, noting that old farms were smaller and relied more on human and animal labor while new farms are larger and use machinery.
This document provides an overview of protected cultivation in India. It discusses the global scenario of protected cultivation, with key countries like Netherlands, China, and Japan leading in area under protected cultivation. In India, protected cultivation started gaining commercial utilization in the 1980s and has grown steadily since then, reaching 20,000 hectares currently. The document outlines some of the major clusters for protected cultivation in India based on factors like climate, infrastructure, markets, policies, and prominent crops grown. It also provides a brief overview of the leading states and regions for protected cultivation in India.
Tunnel technology for Off season Vegetables by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Tunnel farming involves constructing plastic-covered structures called tunnels or greenhouses to grow crops out of season. In Pakistan, tunnel farming is used to grow summer vegetables like tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers during the winter months from December to February when temperatures are too low outdoors. The tunnels provide a controlled environment that shields crops from cold temperatures and allows year-round production. Tunnel farming provides higher yields than open-field farming due to the protective environment. It allows farmers to sell their produce earlier in the season when prices are higher, increasing their profits. There are different types of tunnels - low, walk-in, and high - depending on the height and size needed for the target crops.
This document provides information about a hydroponic growing magazine from India called "Soilless Gardening - India". The magazine aims to promote the soilless gardening industry in India and around the world. It will feature profiles of Indian and international companies, educational articles, news, and information about equipment and market analysis related to hydroponics and greenhouse growing. The publisher hopes the magazine and an accompanying exhibition will help the new soilless gardening industry in India to grow quickly by implementing achievements from around the world. The first issue features several news stories and interviews about hydroponic farming projects and companies.
Pitaya has desirable characteristics for being a replacement commercial crop such as being easy to propagate from cuttings, having low maintenance needs, short time between planting and harvesting compared to other fruits, and high yields. It is also a perennial crop that can provide income for 20-30 years with proper care. A one hectare pitaya farm would require an initial capital of 1.1 million PHP, have a yearly operating expense of 394,000 PHP, and would reach a return on investment within 3-4 years, providing an annual income of 1 million PHP minimum for the following years, as well as additional income from products made from pitaya.
This document discusses a study on user profiles, usage patterns, and income generation from protected cultivation technology in North and South Indian regions. It provides information on:
1. The objectives of the study which were to analyze user profiles of polyhouse growers, study usage patterns of protected cultivation, and assess profitability.
2. The research methodology which involved collecting primary data through farmer interviews and secondary data from various sources using a multi-stage sampling technique.
3. Key findings of the analysis which showed the majority of farmers were aged 30-40, grew cucumbers and gerberas, earned an average annual income of 9-10 lakhs per acre from polyhouse cultivation.
Digitization, Innovation and Disruption: Keys to achieving Global Competitive...Saurabh Agarwal
Dr. Saurabh Agarwal is a managing director and professor who has extensive experience in publishing, finance, and education. He has held leadership roles in several organizations focused on business, accounting, and worker development. In his keynote address, he discussed topics like financial innovations, disruptions in the financial industry, and keys to achieving global competitiveness in a rapidly changing digital world.
The document discusses a keynote address given by Dr. Saurabh Agarwal at GL Bajaj Institute of Management and Research on September 15, 2018. The address touches on topics like digitization, innovation, and disruption in financial markets. It provides examples of both innovations and challenges in areas like banking, payments, and access to financial services. Case studies are presented on innovative practices in agriculture like hi-tech farming, organic farming, aquaponics, and poultry.
This document describes an initiative called Farmers eKutireAgro that uses information and communication technologies (ICT) to help farmers in India. It aims to address challenges faced by farmers like lack of access to quality seeds, agricultural practices, market information, and financing. The initiative is a partnership between eKutir, a rural management company, and Grameen-Intel Social Business. It provides farmers soil testing, crop advisories, access to quality inputs, and helps connect them to markets. This has led to increased productivity, income, and risk mitigation for farmers. It has also created local entrepreneurship opportunities and employment.
'Jogan' is an efficient and systematic farming and food sharing ecosystem focused on the safety, availability, and quality of food. This presentation file was submitted for a startup-based competition in North South University.
This document provides background information on promoting startups in Indian agriculture. It discusses how agriculture is an important part of India's economy but is also a risky sector due to factors outside farmers' control. There is significant scope for agriculture startups to help modernize farming practices and make agriculture more profitable and sustainable. The document outlines the size and challenges of Indian agriculture and food markets. It also summarizes the types of startups emerging in areas like farm inputs/outputs, farming as a service, IoT/data solutions, and innovations in financing, supply chain, and agri-products. Statistics are presented on the number and funding of Indian agri-tech startups in recent years.
This document describes a web application called Farm-Easy that aims to help farmers. It discusses:
1) Farm-Easy allows farmers and vendors to register and login. Vendors can update stock prices weekly and farmers can view predicted crop prices.
2) Related works explored e-agriculture platforms, agribusiness e-commerce systems, and different methods for predicting agricultural commodity prices.
3) Farm-Easy's methodology uses PHP and MySQL to develop separate vendor and farmer portals. Vendors update stock prices and farmers can view prices to make informed decisions. Naive Bayes is used to predict crop prices.
A FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ONLINE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS ...IAEME Publication
One third population of our country is depended on the agriculture business directly or indirectly and hence it is proven that we are an agriculture country. Having more than 30.02%1 contribution in GDP, agriculture plays the significant role in Indian economy. In last two decades everything is being converted into digital platforms globally. All industries became the digital and adopted paperless transactions. Following the same way in marketing, organizations started selling their product on e-commerce platforms. Promotion activities have started in social media like e-mail, websites, messages etc. Being understood the convenience, effectiveness and efficiency of digitalization Indian Government also launched “Digital India” scheme under which Government is promoting the use of technology in organizational function. Even though it seems somewhat inconvenient to use these types of technologies in unorganized sectors like agriculture, Government of India has announced in its “Union Budget 2016-2017 central Government stated that, the Unified Agricultural marketing e-platform will be launched for wholesale markets in India and 100% FDI to be allowed through FIPB route in marketing of food Products produced and manufactured in India. Considering these changes are going to affect the marketing and trading of agricultural products tremendously, this study is initiating the discussion regarding the possibilities of the digitalization in agricultural business.
Here are some of the key challenges faced by Indian agriculture:
1. Declining water tables and water scarcity: Groundwater levels are falling rapidly due to over-exploitation for irrigation. This poses a serious threat to long-term sustainability of agriculture.
2. Degrading soil quality: Soil health has deteriorated over the years due to excessive and imbalanced use of fertilizers without adequate focus on soil conservation. This affects productivity.
3. Vulnerability to climate change: Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events like droughts and floods pose new risks for farmers.
4. Lack of post-harvest infrastructure: Inadequate storage, transportation and processing facilities lead
Top 15 AgTech Startups to Watch in 2020Ana Martinez
Global food production must increase by 70% by 2050 in order to prevent massive famine. These are the 15 AgTech startups that are helping to tackle some of the biggest challenges in the agriculture industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Project Description - Collection, sustainable cultivation, value addition and marketing linkages of selected medicinal and aromatic species (MAP) using emerging technology interventions.
Artificial Intelligence : An Advanced Technological Innovation in AgriculturePRATEEMBISHNU1
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy. Agriculture sector in India holds the record for second-largest agricultural land in the world generating employment for about half (49%) of the country’s population.
e-Choupal is an initiative by ITC Limited that uses the internet to directly connect with rural farmers in India for procurement of agricultural products. It aims to address issues in Indian agriculture like fragmented farms, weak infrastructure, and intermediaries that reduce farmers' profits. The program installs computers with internet access in villages to provide farmers with market information and help them get better prices. Currently there are over 6,500 e-Choupals operating across 10 states, benefiting around 4 million farmers. ITC plans to expand this to 20,000 e-Choupals serving 15 million farmers by 2012.
Paper presented International Conference on Data Science and Analytics - ICDSA'21 organized by Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, India on 19th February 2021
An Intensive Analtics for farmer using Big Data by vitul chauhan.pdfVitulChauhan
This document summarizes research on using big data analytics in agriculture. It discusses how big data can help balance food demand and supply as the population grows. The objectives are to use algorithms and historical data like weather patterns to predict outputs and guide farmers' decisions to optimize production and profits. Several research papers are reviewed that explore applications of big data for precision agriculture and how it can help fill the gap between farmers and technology. The goal is to integrate big data tools to improve farm yields and make agriculture more sustainable.
Farming techniques are becoming smarter with the use of new technologies. Smart farming uses tools like GPS, drones, sensors, and weather forecasting to increase yields, reduce costs and environmental impact, and minimize human errors. It provides benefits such as higher crop production through precision agriculture, lowered expenses via improved resource management, and better environmental stewardship. However, the effects on climate change are unclear as pesticide and fertilizer use may rise, and large-scale factory farming may still present social issues. Smart farming incorporates various digital technologies tailored to different agricultural operations and livestock monitoring.
IRJET - Disease Detection Application for Crops using Augmented Reality and A...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a disease detection application for crops using augmented reality and artificial intelligence. The application would use a farmer's smartphone camera to take pictures of crops and use image recognition algorithms to identify any diseases or issues. It would then provide the farmer with treatment recommendations. The goal is to help farmers easily identify crop issues early to prevent loss of yield and improve food quality and production. Developing this application could help farmers and support the agricultural industry in India.
- The document summarizes a faculty development program on investing in stock markets presented by Prof. Saurabh Agarwal on May 31, 2021 from 4:30-6:00 PM.
- It discusses various investment strategies like value investing, investing like Warren Buffett, fundamental analysis, sectors and companies that have been strong performers, and different asset classes to consider for investment.
- Key strategies highlighted include focusing on companies with high intrinsic value, strong management, economies of scale, and sustainable growth as per Buffett's approach, and using Benjamin Graham's criteria of high earnings yield and strong net worth for fundamental analysis.
This document provides a summary and analysis of key points from the Indian Union Budget 2020-2021 presented by the Finance Minister. Some of the key highlights included in the 3-page summary are:
- A new optional income tax regime that provides lower tax rates but removes certain deductions and exemptions.
- Proposed disinvestment target of INR 2.1 lakh crore through sale of stakes in PSUs like LIC and BPCL.
- Infrastructure spending to get a boost through initiatives like the National Infrastructure Pipeline.
- Customs duties increased on various imports like electronics, footwear, and furniture to boost domestic manufacturing.
- Measures to resolve long pending direct tax disputes and raise funds through disinvestment
Digitization, Innovation and Disruption: Keys to achieving Global Competitive...Saurabh Agarwal
Dr. Saurabh Agarwal is a managing director and professor who has extensive experience in publishing, finance, and education. He has held leadership roles in several organizations focused on business, accounting, and worker development. In his keynote address, he discussed topics like financial innovations, disruptions in the financial industry, and keys to achieving global competitiveness in a rapidly changing digital world.
The document discusses a keynote address given by Dr. Saurabh Agarwal at GL Bajaj Institute of Management and Research on September 15, 2018. The address touches on topics like digitization, innovation, and disruption in financial markets. It provides examples of both innovations and challenges in areas like banking, payments, and access to financial services. Case studies are presented on innovative practices in agriculture like hi-tech farming, organic farming, aquaponics, and poultry.
This document describes an initiative called Farmers eKutireAgro that uses information and communication technologies (ICT) to help farmers in India. It aims to address challenges faced by farmers like lack of access to quality seeds, agricultural practices, market information, and financing. The initiative is a partnership between eKutir, a rural management company, and Grameen-Intel Social Business. It provides farmers soil testing, crop advisories, access to quality inputs, and helps connect them to markets. This has led to increased productivity, income, and risk mitigation for farmers. It has also created local entrepreneurship opportunities and employment.
'Jogan' is an efficient and systematic farming and food sharing ecosystem focused on the safety, availability, and quality of food. This presentation file was submitted for a startup-based competition in North South University.
This document provides background information on promoting startups in Indian agriculture. It discusses how agriculture is an important part of India's economy but is also a risky sector due to factors outside farmers' control. There is significant scope for agriculture startups to help modernize farming practices and make agriculture more profitable and sustainable. The document outlines the size and challenges of Indian agriculture and food markets. It also summarizes the types of startups emerging in areas like farm inputs/outputs, farming as a service, IoT/data solutions, and innovations in financing, supply chain, and agri-products. Statistics are presented on the number and funding of Indian agri-tech startups in recent years.
This document describes a web application called Farm-Easy that aims to help farmers. It discusses:
1) Farm-Easy allows farmers and vendors to register and login. Vendors can update stock prices weekly and farmers can view predicted crop prices.
2) Related works explored e-agriculture platforms, agribusiness e-commerce systems, and different methods for predicting agricultural commodity prices.
3) Farm-Easy's methodology uses PHP and MySQL to develop separate vendor and farmer portals. Vendors update stock prices and farmers can view prices to make informed decisions. Naive Bayes is used to predict crop prices.
A FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ONLINE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS ...IAEME Publication
One third population of our country is depended on the agriculture business directly or indirectly and hence it is proven that we are an agriculture country. Having more than 30.02%1 contribution in GDP, agriculture plays the significant role in Indian economy. In last two decades everything is being converted into digital platforms globally. All industries became the digital and adopted paperless transactions. Following the same way in marketing, organizations started selling their product on e-commerce platforms. Promotion activities have started in social media like e-mail, websites, messages etc. Being understood the convenience, effectiveness and efficiency of digitalization Indian Government also launched “Digital India” scheme under which Government is promoting the use of technology in organizational function. Even though it seems somewhat inconvenient to use these types of technologies in unorganized sectors like agriculture, Government of India has announced in its “Union Budget 2016-2017 central Government stated that, the Unified Agricultural marketing e-platform will be launched for wholesale markets in India and 100% FDI to be allowed through FIPB route in marketing of food Products produced and manufactured in India. Considering these changes are going to affect the marketing and trading of agricultural products tremendously, this study is initiating the discussion regarding the possibilities of the digitalization in agricultural business.
Here are some of the key challenges faced by Indian agriculture:
1. Declining water tables and water scarcity: Groundwater levels are falling rapidly due to over-exploitation for irrigation. This poses a serious threat to long-term sustainability of agriculture.
2. Degrading soil quality: Soil health has deteriorated over the years due to excessive and imbalanced use of fertilizers without adequate focus on soil conservation. This affects productivity.
3. Vulnerability to climate change: Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events like droughts and floods pose new risks for farmers.
4. Lack of post-harvest infrastructure: Inadequate storage, transportation and processing facilities lead
Top 15 AgTech Startups to Watch in 2020Ana Martinez
Global food production must increase by 70% by 2050 in order to prevent massive famine. These are the 15 AgTech startups that are helping to tackle some of the biggest challenges in the agriculture industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Project Description - Collection, sustainable cultivation, value addition and marketing linkages of selected medicinal and aromatic species (MAP) using emerging technology interventions.
Artificial Intelligence : An Advanced Technological Innovation in AgriculturePRATEEMBISHNU1
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy. Agriculture sector in India holds the record for second-largest agricultural land in the world generating employment for about half (49%) of the country’s population.
e-Choupal is an initiative by ITC Limited that uses the internet to directly connect with rural farmers in India for procurement of agricultural products. It aims to address issues in Indian agriculture like fragmented farms, weak infrastructure, and intermediaries that reduce farmers' profits. The program installs computers with internet access in villages to provide farmers with market information and help them get better prices. Currently there are over 6,500 e-Choupals operating across 10 states, benefiting around 4 million farmers. ITC plans to expand this to 20,000 e-Choupals serving 15 million farmers by 2012.
Paper presented International Conference on Data Science and Analytics - ICDSA'21 organized by Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, India on 19th February 2021
An Intensive Analtics for farmer using Big Data by vitul chauhan.pdfVitulChauhan
This document summarizes research on using big data analytics in agriculture. It discusses how big data can help balance food demand and supply as the population grows. The objectives are to use algorithms and historical data like weather patterns to predict outputs and guide farmers' decisions to optimize production and profits. Several research papers are reviewed that explore applications of big data for precision agriculture and how it can help fill the gap between farmers and technology. The goal is to integrate big data tools to improve farm yields and make agriculture more sustainable.
Farming techniques are becoming smarter with the use of new technologies. Smart farming uses tools like GPS, drones, sensors, and weather forecasting to increase yields, reduce costs and environmental impact, and minimize human errors. It provides benefits such as higher crop production through precision agriculture, lowered expenses via improved resource management, and better environmental stewardship. However, the effects on climate change are unclear as pesticide and fertilizer use may rise, and large-scale factory farming may still present social issues. Smart farming incorporates various digital technologies tailored to different agricultural operations and livestock monitoring.
IRJET - Disease Detection Application for Crops using Augmented Reality and A...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a disease detection application for crops using augmented reality and artificial intelligence. The application would use a farmer's smartphone camera to take pictures of crops and use image recognition algorithms to identify any diseases or issues. It would then provide the farmer with treatment recommendations. The goal is to help farmers easily identify crop issues early to prevent loss of yield and improve food quality and production. Developing this application could help farmers and support the agricultural industry in India.
- The document summarizes a faculty development program on investing in stock markets presented by Prof. Saurabh Agarwal on May 31, 2021 from 4:30-6:00 PM.
- It discusses various investment strategies like value investing, investing like Warren Buffett, fundamental analysis, sectors and companies that have been strong performers, and different asset classes to consider for investment.
- Key strategies highlighted include focusing on companies with high intrinsic value, strong management, economies of scale, and sustainable growth as per Buffett's approach, and using Benjamin Graham's criteria of high earnings yield and strong net worth for fundamental analysis.
This document provides a summary and analysis of key points from the Indian Union Budget 2020-2021 presented by the Finance Minister. Some of the key highlights included in the 3-page summary are:
- A new optional income tax regime that provides lower tax rates but removes certain deductions and exemptions.
- Proposed disinvestment target of INR 2.1 lakh crore through sale of stakes in PSUs like LIC and BPCL.
- Infrastructure spending to get a boost through initiatives like the National Infrastructure Pipeline.
- Customs duties increased on various imports like electronics, footwear, and furniture to boost domestic manufacturing.
- Measures to resolve long pending direct tax disputes and raise funds through disinvestment
New products, risk management & investors protection in Commodity derivative ...Saurabh Agarwal
The slides will cover issues related to greater participation with new products, risk management, illegal trading issues, investors protection, how unified exchanges will change commodity space, rules of spot marketing creating challenges in efficient integrated unified commodity market, and other reforms required to take the commodity derivative market Forward.
The document provides a biography of Prof. Saurabh Agarwal along with his academic qualifications and professional roles. It then lists several article titles on topics related to business ethics, corporate culture, and the digital economy. Specific examples of ethical practices from Indian companies Marico and Sapna Book House are also mentioned. Lastly, the document shares a message from the Bhagavad Gita on detached action and the fruits of one's labor. It concludes by posing questions on increasing GDP, reducing unemployment, and improving the GST system in India.
Role of financial institutions in make in steelSaurabh Agarwal
This document discusses the role of financial institutions in supporting India's "Make in Steel" initiative. It notes that the global steel sector has excess capacity and low utilization rates. The steel companies have taken on increasing debt to sustain market share, shrinking their margins. As a result, most steel companies are overleveraged. The document recommends several actions for financial institutions, including providing moratoriums on debt payments, taking equity stakes, and creating new financial products. It also analyzes data on mergers, acquisitions, and other activities in the Indian steel sector between 2007-2009, finding mixed effects on stock prices and accounting performance. The document concludes that large steel companies now face greater systematic and unsystematic risk due to
Innovation, Disruption and Transformation in Financial MarketsSaurabh Agarwal
The document discusses innovations, disruptions, and transformations in financial markets. It notes recent scams and non-performing assets that have impacted the financial sector. New financial instruments and regulatory changes by SEBI are aimed at innovation. Technological advances have increased connectivity and allowed for faster transactions. However, challenges remain around access issues, regulatory uncertainties, and security concerns like fraud and money laundering with digital payments and cryptocurrencies.
Future of Business: Circular Economy - Role of Supply ChainSaurabh Agarwal
1. The document discusses how new technologies like IoT, big data analytics, and blockchain can enable businesses to transition to a circular economy model with a holistic life cycle approach.
2. Case studies of Maersk and Caterpillar are provided that demonstrate how digital tools allow visibility into entire product life cycles from production to end of use to maximize reuse and recycling.
3. Challenges for supply chain managers in implementing circular models across the entire value chain are discussed, along with the role of transparency and connectivity between all partners using new information technologies.
This document discusses potential reforms and the future of technical education in India. It addresses issues with the current system such as a lack of autonomy of institutions, too many regulatory bodies, and corruption. It proposes reforms like making AICTE a stronger autonomous body that focuses on accreditation, research, and improving standards. It also discusses the need for manpower planning, concerns about graduate employability, and looking to systems in countries like the US and Germany as examples of deregulated models.
The document discusses catalyzing investment in India's power sector. It provides an overview of India's power sector, including growth rates in different types of power generation and shortages. It discusses the role of the Power Finance Corporation in funding projects like Ultra Mega Power Projects and rural electrification. It also covers risks associated with large projects and various mechanisms to mitigate risks. Finally, it discusses various sources of financing for power projects, including equity, debt, domestic and international capital markets.
The document discusses India's transition to a cashless economy and the impact of digital payments. Key points include:
- Government initiatives like Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhar, and UPI have increased financial inclusion and digital payments. Usage has grown significantly in recent years.
- This presents opportunities for value-added services, fintech companies, and job growth. However, challenges remain around connectivity, financial literacy, and preventing cybercrime.
- Emerging trends include contactless payments, augmented reality shopping, and distributed ledger technologies like blockchain disrupting payments. Regulators are focusing on data privacy compliance.
This document contains the text of a presentation given by Prof. Saurabh Agarwal on taxation policies in the mining sector in India. Some of the key points discussed include:
- Mineral rich states in India are among the poorest due to low royalties earned from mining.
- High taxes can discourage private sector investment in mining due to issues like lack of infrastructure.
- A study group was formed to revise royalty rates for major minerals and examine questions around taxation policies.
- Royalty structures, rates, and calculation methods were discussed, along with some of the issues around the current policies.
Venture finance model for hr capacity building in global dis equilibriumSaurabh Agarwal
The document discusses a venture finance model for human resource capacity building. It begins by defining venture finance and providing historical examples. It then outlines the literature on different forms of venture finance and reviews factors that influence capacity building like clustering and innovation. The document proposes models for pre-investment and post-investment human resource capacity building. It analyzes the aggregate and macroeconomic effects of capacity building and discusses the global financial crisis and resulting unemployment.
1. The document discusses the Clean Energy Financing Partnership Funds established by the Asian Development Bank to provide financing for various clean energy projects.
2. Eligible activities for financing include renewable energy projects like biomass, biofuel, biogas as well as energy efficiency projects.
3. The document provides details on 5 case studies of projects that received financing, including renewable energy projects for telecommunications in Myanmar, agribusiness in the Greater Mekong Subregion, and hydropower in Georgia.
Financing, Insurance & Medium Term Plan for Leather Product ExportsSaurabh Agarwal
The document outlines Saurabh Agarwal's presentation on financing, insurance, and medium-term planning for leather product exports. It discusses trends in India's leather exports, government support measures for the leather industry, and problems faced by exporters. It also analyzes various trade policy measures, financing options, and venture capital sources that can support the growth and competitiveness of India's leather exports.
Transparency in Financial Statements & Provisioning for Statutory DuesSaurabh Agarwal
This document summarizes a presentation given by Saurabh Agarwal on transparency in financial statements and provisioning for statutory dues. The presentation covered 5 sections: introduction, discussion, prescriptions, empirical findings from IIF Finance India, and an international perspective on transparency. It discussed topics like corporate governance responsibilities, case studies of corporate failures, and international financial reporting standards. The goal was to promote more transparent reporting of financial information and social responsibilities.
- The document discusses reforms needed in Indian agriculture including increasing agricultural production and productivity, improving the conditions of small farmers, reducing post-harvest losses, expanding agricultural credit and insurance, developing warehousing infrastructure, and increasing agricultural exports.
- It also summarizes the current challenges facing Indian agriculture such as declining GDP contribution from agriculture despite many farmers, need for higher mechanization and irrigation, improving soil quality, and developing seed infrastructure. The role of transnational corporations and need for an integrated policy approach is also highlighted.
The document discusses centre-state financial relations in India. It explains that India follows a federal financial system with clearly delineated powers between the central and state governments as laid out in the constitution. The central government can levy taxes on some sources and the states on other sources based on the constitutionally defined Union List, State List and Concurrent List. The taxes collected are distributed between the centre and states through various mechanisms like mandatory sharing, grants, loans etc. as enabled by the constitution to address vertical and horizontal imbalances between governments. This system of centre-state financial relations helps in balanced development and administration across the country.
The document discusses catalyzing investment in India's power sector. It outlines key challenges like power deficits and delays in capacity addition. It discusses the role of organizations like Power Finance Corporation in funding projects to strengthen infrastructure and develop ultra mega power projects. It also examines risks associated with large power projects and mechanisms to mitigate issues like fuel supply, payment delays, and foreign exchange fluctuations. Finally, it explores various sources of financing for the power sector, including equity, debt, capital markets, multilateral institutions, and hybrid financial structures.
The document discusses India's transition to a cashless economy and the opportunities and challenges that come with it. Key points include:
- India has implemented several digital payment innovations like UPI, BHIM, and RuPay cards to boost financial inclusion and curb black money.
- Digital payments in India are growing rapidly, with UPI and mobile banking seeing spectacular growth in recent years.
- This transition presents opportunities for value-added services and jobs growth but also challenges around digital literacy, connectivity issues, and security of financial data.
- The shift to digital payments is expected to significantly impact India by formalizing the economy, improving tax collection, and allowing more efficient delivery of government services.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
1. B Y
D R . S A U R A B H A G A R W A L
P H D ( F M S , D E L H I U N I V E R S I T Y ) , M . P H I L . ( D S E , D U ) , M . C O M . ( D S E , D U ) ,
B . C O M . ( H ) ( S R C C ) , U G C ( N E T )
P R O F E S S O R O F A C C O U N T I N G & F I N A N C E & D E A N , I N D I A N I N S T I T U T E O F
F I N A N C E
A S S O C I A T E E D I T O R , F I N A N C E I N D I A
M E M B E R , M A N A G I N G C O M M I T T E E , A S S O C H A M ( E S T D . 1 9 2 0 )
( W W W . A S S O C H A M . O R G )
M E M B E R , E M P L O Y E E S T A T E I N S U R A N C E C O R P O R A T I O N ( E S I C ) , M I N I S T R Y O F
L A B O U R A N D E M P L O Y M E N T , G O V E R N M E N T O F I N D I A
( H T T P : / / W W W . E S I C . N I C . I N / )
M E M B E R , G O V E R N I N G B O D Y , D A T T O P A N T T H E N G A D I N A T I O N A L B O A R D F O R
W O R K E R ' S E D U C A T I O N A N D D E V E L O P M E N T ( F O R M E R L Y C E N T R A L B O A R D F O R
W O R K E R S E D U C A T I O N - C B W E ) , M I N I S T R Y O F L A B O U R A N D E M P L O Y M E N T ,
G O V E R N M E N T O F I N D I A ( H T T P : / / W W W . C B W E . G O V . I N / A B O U T - U S . A S P X )
Skills for 21st Century
2. Skills
Critical thinking
Creativity
Collaboration
Communication
Information literacy
Media literacy
Technology literacy
Flexibility
• Rise of Tech Giants like Facebook,
Amazon, Google, Paytm
3. Skills in Financial Markets
Challenges
Need for Better Connectivity
Safe Internet
Digital divides of age, gender, income, education,
financial literacy continues to haunt the
accessibilities of innovation
Regulatory Uncertainties
Congestions on Digital Platforms
Vested interest continue to create concentrations in
different segments of the industry.
4. Skills in Financial Markets
Cash Subsidy Transfers; Jan Dhan Yojana;
Mobile/Aadhar based banking enabled Financial
Inclusion to Common Man
Major Innovations in Digital Payments
Mobile Money Systems
Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM)
Unified Payment Interface
*99#
Issued RuPay Cards
Aadhar Enabled Payment System
Bharat Bill Payment System
Credit and Local Currencies are alternative units of account
Digital Currencies
5. Skills in Financial Markets
Concerns
Increasing number of online frauds
Cyber Attacks
Massive Theft of important financial information
Money Laundering (Cyber Laundering)
Terrorist Financing
Illegal Money (Smuggling/Drug Trafficking/Flesh
Trade) transfers
Proceeds of other Illicit financial flows (Tax Evasions
/ Corruption ) transferred easily
Cyptocurrency
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. 13
FIFO Technology to be part of the Warehousing Policy
System of Containers marked with date of storage to
enable quick transportation and disaster management
In- Out Method of Storage
Skills in Storage
15. 15
How to Manage Warehouses
Adoption of EOQ Method to manage foodgrains
Quantity
Period
Maximum
Average
Minimum
Danger Zone
16. 16
Mr. Vishwas Kachare who in period of 30 years has been
able to shift from a small hut to a 40,000 sq ft farm house in
Telanwadi. Starting from 27 acres of barren land to his
current day orchids of more than 300 acres
Mother Dairy's Safal whereby sorting of fruits and
vegetables into different categories and packing is done with
the help of farmers have significantly reduced the time lag
and burden on existing cold chain infrastructure
Use of Global positioning system (GPS), better electronic
weighing systems, local language billing machines and
General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) for updating the
details on the central server - Krishnagiri district (Tamil
Nadu)
Innovative Case Studies
17. 17
Hi Tech Farming
Vikas Rai – Farm at Nihal Khera Village in Punjab Fazzilka
district
90 HP John Deere air-conditioned tractor, which he bought
in 2009 for Rs.18 lakh
Who rotates cotton and wheat on his 150 acres
He is now set to spend Rs. 25 lakh on a seed driller and a
sprayer
Even as neighbors opt for Rs. 60000 seed drills, Rai is going
to buy a Rs. 13 lakh Lemken, a German brand, after he sells
his wheat crop this April.
On one acre of land for cotton sowing, he is using four
packets of 500 grams of hybrid seed, with the new machine,
he only needs to use one packet, costing Rs.900-950 and
yielding 15 quintals per acre
18. 18
He’s targeting yields of 20quintals of wheat from an
acre
By using Lemken’s duck foot cultivator to prepare land
for sowing , he used 30% less diesel than his neighbors
at 4 liters an acre
Investing more than Rs.1crore on farm equipment
At 48 degrees Celsius in the firs week of May, it’s a joy
to cultivate land for cotton driving an AC tractor
He wears his best clothes when he goes to cultivate his
land, which only takes two hours unlike the previous
time of eight hours
Hi Tech Farming
19. 19
Sumanta Bisui, 30 – Owner Bisui Poultry
Learnt Poulty farming at companies such as Chakra India,
Uma Kiran Industries and Sai Durga Industries
Key Learning - “Keeping the feed cost under control is key to
profitability in poultry farming”
Initial capital Rs.2crore from father and friend, Term loan of
Rs.4crore, Working capital of Rs.69lakh and Bought 56big
has of land in Nuniadihi
Bisui Poultry has 90000 layers or chickens raised for their
eggs
Orders are also coming from traders in Jharkhand
e-commerce platform to market eggs and chickens across
India
Poultry
20. 20
Jayawant Patil, 27, works in an information
technology company in Pune four days a week
Part Time Organic Farmer
Tending to his 2.5-acre farm about 80 km
away from Pune
Started work on a website to connect organic
vegetable growers with customers
To get first-hand experience to understand
these fully he got into organic farming
Organic Farming
21. 21
The organic certifying agency, said the companies
involved in organic farming are mostly export
oriented. “The first type is of the traditional farmer
practicing organic farming to earn their bread and
butter. The second type is the increasing breed of
urban farmers, who have turned to growing organic
food as a passion or liking,”
Marketing is the biggest challenge
The most effective marketing channel is digital.
Orders are processed through websites, voice SMSes
and e-mails
Future Prospect for Development - Organic processed
fruits
Organic Farming
22. 22
Aquaponics
Vijayakumar Narayanan, 40, - returned to his native
village in Kerala two years ago after spending
20years in various jobs in India and the Gulf, he
wasn’t too sure about what to do
Plunged into aquaponics - “Inspired from
hydroponics - Cultivation of plants without soil in
water often with the help of chemical nutrients”
Aquaponics - Combination of aqua culture and
hydroponics and use water rich in fish waste to
cultivate plants
This method is more organic in nature and doesn’t
involve the use of chemical nutrients
23. 23
Double guarantee for a farmer - income through
fish and vegetables
Though Aquaponics was practiced by the Aztecs in
Mexico thousands of years ago
The farmer can start with 500 kg of fish in a pond
with 10,000 litres of water in about half a cent in
the backyard. (1cent = 435sq ft.)
The investment will be around Rs.40,000/- to
Rs.50000/-
For commercial operations, a minimum of 4 cents is
needed, along with 5000 kg of fish and 50000 litres
of water and an investment of Rs.1.50-1.75lakh
Aquaponics
24. 24
Aquaponics
Investment can be recovered in the first six months
from the fish and vegetable harvests
Plants are grown on sheets of gravel laid on the
banks of the pond
Two pumps-one for blowing air into the pond and
the other for pumping water on the gravel where
plants are grown will have to be run continuously –
Electricity Cost
Subsidy for the electricity charge from Fish Farmers
Ammonia from the fish waste in the pond gets
converted into nitrites through bacterial action
25. 25
Aquaponics
Nitrates aid in plant development - Leafy vegetables
like broccoli, lettuce, spinach, palak, pudina are the
best, apart from tomato, lady’s finger and brinjal
In six months, one can get three harvests of leafy
green vegetables
Danger - The farmer needs to fear only airborne
pests since there’s no soil involved. These can be
dealt with using bio insecticides such as tobacco
juice
A farmer can easily get an income of Rs.4lakh or
more a year
26. Year Founder Company Business
Idea
Financing
2011 Planning
Commissio
n, IIT
students
and
Datawind
Datawind
will provide
tablets at
$37.98
World’s
Cheapest
tablet
170 IIT
Rajasthan
students
Interesting Case Studies
World’s cheapest car and now the world’s cheapest tablet PC
26
27. Year Founder Company Business Idea Financing
2008 Aneesh
Reddy &
Krishna
Mehra
Capillary
Technologies-
Successfully applied
in more than 6000
retail stores
Real time analytic
software offering
discounts to customers
while they are paying
at the cash counter
Supported by
the eCell of IIT
Kharagpur via
loan of Rs. 15
Lakhs
(US$30,000).
Now
investment by
Qualcomm
2008 Arbinder
Singal &
Debraj
Shome
Mediangels- has 6000
registered patients
Access to Super specialist
and superspeciality
Healthcare through e-
healthcare platform at a
click of a button
Rs. 2 Crores
from family
and friends and
another Rs. 2
Crores from
HDFC Bank
(US$8,00,000)
27
Interesting Case Studies
28. Year Founder Company Business Idea Financing
2007 Sanjay
Bansal
Business Octane–
Successfully having a
turnover of Rs. 55
crores (US$1,100,000)
and customers like
Vedanta, Novartis, Air
India, Agro Tech
Foods, DuPont India
and others.
Telepresence ( Low cost High
quality video conferencing)
Money saved
from working
as Management
trainee at
Godrej.
2007 Yusuf
Motiwala
Tringme-Has more than
120 clients like IBM,
Infosys and AOL and
handles 42 millions of
calls per month and
serves over 11 million
users
Applications like Gtalk,
Skype or a calling card which
does not need to be
downloaded or installed.
They have softwares that can
connect different voice
sources like web, mobile
phone, instant messanger etc.
Other softwares include Voice
PHP
Rs. 5 lakh (US$
10,000) savings
28
Interesting Case Studies
29. Year Founder Company Business Idea Financing
2007 Aditi
Vyas
Azafran Skincare-Has
a turnover of Rs. 1.46
Crore (2010) with
focus on US, Europe
and South East Asia
Organic Skin care products and
certification of the same by
international agencies. Even
farming methods certified by
ECOCERT
Funding
from parents
2006 Rohit
Singhal
Sourcebits- Have now
more than 300
computer applications
used by companies
like GE, Coke,
Hershey’s, P&G and
others
Mobile application company -
Innovative computer products
like Funbooth (make creative
modifications in photographs),
Night Stand (alarm clock),
iPhone softwares
Started from
a rented
garage.
Recently,
IDG and
Sequoia
have
invested $10
million
29
Interesting Case Studies
30. 30
1998 Raj
Sharma
Majestic MRSS Voice Call from India to interview foreign
company’s clients abroad and provide
research analysis. Today offers innovative
services like focus groups with one way
mirror facility, online focus groups, video
streaming, SMS based research, eye-
tracker, Ethno streaming and perception
analyser.
NA
1996 Kamal
Sagar
Total Environment-
Customising builtup
area upto 4 lakh sq ft per
year
Customizing Homes as per customer’s
wishes with innovative building materials
NA
1991 Rakesh
Dugar &
Hasmukh
Gada
Mitashi Edutainment-
Rs. 160 Crore entity
Gaming Consoles at low prices (Low cost
Consoles imported from China), TV, DVD
players, portable radios, wireless
headphones and other electronic gadgets
Rs. 5 Lakh
(US$10,000)
funding from
family
Interesting Case Studies
31. Venture Venture Finance Provider/ Contributor Country
527 BC Nalanda University (527BC to 1197) Kumaragupta India
518 BC Takshashila King Taksha India
350 BC
Chandragupta Mauryan Empire (350-283
BC) Chankaya (Kautilya) India
1492
Christopher Columbus expedition
(Colonization) Isabella, Queen of Spain Spain
1869 Alexandra Cotton Mill Jamsetji TATA India
1906 Xerox Haloid Corporation US
1908 General Motors DuPont (VF in 1920) US
1915
Banaras Hindu University (Oriental learning
and Theology)
Kashi Naresh and Sri RS Bahadur,
Maharaja of Darbhanga India
1919 Yarn and Jute Mill Ramnath Goenka India
1924 IBM (Punched Card)
TMC (1896), CSC(1891) and ITRC (1900)
merged US
1926 Bajaj motors (Motor Vehicles) Seth Bachhraj India
1938
Eastern Airlines and Douglas Airlines
Laurance Rockerfeller funded Venrock US
1946 Amul
Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing
Federation Ltd. India
1950
Share cropping farming institution
(Tobacco) Landlords and farmers India
1957 Digital Equipment Corp. (now HP)
Georges Doriot, Ralph Flanders and Karl
Compton/ ARDC US
Venture Capital
31
32. Year Venture Venture Finance Provider/ Contributer Country
1959 Lijjat Papad Shri Mahila Griha Udyod Lijjat Papad India
1960
Florida Foods Corporation (Nutritional one
minute juice) J.H. Whitney and Company US
1962 Reliance Commercial Corp. Dirubhai Ambani India
1968 Intel (X86 Microprocessors) Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore US
1977 Oracle (Database software) Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates US
1978 Microsoft, DOS (Disk Operating System) Bill Gates and Paul Allen US
1978 Biocon
Biocon Biochemical Ltd. (Ireland) and Kiran
Mazumdar Shaw India
1981 Infosys Sudha Murthy India
1984 Cisco (Router) Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner US
1987 Business Finance Education in India Indian Institute of Finance India
1987 3i Group Bank of England UK
1989 VLCC Vandana Luthur and family India
1992 MASTEK ICICI and UTI promoted TDICI India
1994 Amazon.com (Online Book store) Jeffrey P. Bezos US
1994 Yahoo (Search Engine) Sequoia Capital US
1996 Hotmail (Free Webmail service) Draper Fisher Jurvetson US
1997 Anant Koppar (Customised IT Services) Kshema Technologies India32
Venture Capital
34. 34
Financing
A. Domestic Financial Markets:
i. Equity finance
ii. Debt Finance
iii. Domestic Capital Market
iv. Financial Developmental Institutions
B. International Financial Markets:
i. Multilateral Institutions
ii. Export Credit Agencies (ECA)
iii. External Commercial Borrowing (ECB)
iv. Syndicated Loans
v. Private placement
vi. Global Depository Receipts (GDRs)
vii. Weather Derivatives & Hybrid Instruments
36. 36
C. Internal Resources
D. Public Private Partnership
E. Forward Need Financing
This will prevent cost of capital being added to cost of
project
Financing