This was presented in a weekly meeting to create a know-how about the skeletal system. it covers almost all the important and major portions related to skeletal system. Looking forward for your feedback regarding this presentation.

2. • Macroscopic Skeleton
• Bone Structure
• Microscopic Skeleton
• Bone Development
• Joints

4. • The Skeleton
• Macroscopic Skeleton (Axial & Appendicular)
• Microscopic Skeleton (Organic & Inorganic matter)
• Joints
The place where two or more bones meet.

5. • Supports the body, provides protection for the
internal organs, and enables movement.
• Consists of 206 bones.
• Early in development, the skeleton is mostly
cartilage and then the deposition of calcium and
other minerals harden the bone.
• There are joints in the skeleton that fastens the
bones.

6. The 206 Bones of skeleton are divided
into two types
• Axial Skeleton (80 Bones)
• Appendicular Skeleton (126 Bones)

7. Cranial
Vault
Face Vertebral
Column
Rib
Cage
Paired Unpaired
Parietal 2
Temporal 2
Frontal 1
Occipital 1
Sphenoid 1
Ethmoid 1
Paired
Hyoid
AuditoryOssicles
Unpaired
Maxilla 2
Zygomatic 2
Palatine 2
Nasal 2
Lacrimal 2
Inferior Nasal 2
Mandible 1
Vomer 1
Malleus 2
Incus 2
Stapes 2
Cervical Vertebrae 7
Thorasic Vertebrae 12
Lumbar Vertebrae 5
Sacrum 1
Coccyx 1
Ribs 24
Sternum 1

8. Humerus 2
Radius 2
Ulna 2
Carpals 16
Metacarpals 10
Phalanges 28
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
Scapula 2
Clavicle 2
Pelvic Girdle
Coxa
Femur 2
Tibia 2
Fibula 2
Patella 2
Tarsals 14
Metatarsals 10
Phalanges 28
Pectoral Girdle

9. Axial Skeleton
AppendicularSkeleton

10. Bone is Made up of
 The Compact Bone (Hard Outer
Covering)
• Consist of dense Connective Tissues
• Provides a Great deal of support
 The Spongy Bone
• Loosely structured network of separated
connective tissues.
• Contain Cavities

11. • Tough exterior membrane that surrounds
the bone.
• Provides protections to the bone.
• Contains many blood vessels that supply
nutrients to the bone.

12. Periosteum

13. • Soft tissue, that filled in some cavities of
spongy bone.
• Red bone marrow begins the production of
all blood cells and platelets.
• Yellow bone marrow found in the hollow
interior of long spongy bone.
• Yellow bone marrow consist mostly of fat,
which stores energy.

14. • Narrow, Hollow structure surrounded by the
concentric rings of new bone cells.
• Extends down to length of the bone.
• Contain blood vessels that enters through
the Periosteum.

16. • Long  Length is greater than breadth
Examples: Humerous, Femur
• Short  Length is equal to breadth
Example: Wrist, Ankle
• Flat  Thin, Flattened
Example: vault of the Skull, Scapulae
• Irregular
Example: Vertebrae, Facial bones
• Seasamoids  Small nodules of bone
Example: Patela

18. • Organic Matter: 35%
CELLS:
OSTEOBLAST  BONE FORMING CELLS
OSTEOCLASTS  BONE DISOLVING CELLS
OSTEOCYTES  BONE MAINTAINING CELLS
POLISACCARIDES  TO FORM GROUND SUBSTANCE
COLLAGEN FIBERS  TENSILE STRENGHT
• Inorganic Matter: 65%
HYDROXYAPATITE- CALCIUM + PHOSPHATE SALTS
THAT MAKE THE BONE HARD

24. • Site where two or more bones meet.
• Pads of Cartilage cushion are there at the
end of the bone of articular joints.
• Joints are classified into three main types
i. Fibrous joints (Immoveable Joints)
ii. Cartilagenous joint (Slightly moveable joints)
iii. Synovial joint (Freely moveable joints)

25. • Tight Joints.
• Permits little or no movement like the
Sutures of the Vault of Skull.
• Articulating surface of the bones of the
joint are joined by the fibrous tissue.

27. • Permits limited movement.
• Divided into two main types
i. Primary:
– Bones are united by plates or bars of hyaline cartilage e.g. union
between Ribs and Sternum
ii. Secondary:
– Bones are united by plate of fibrocartilage.
– Articular surface covered by thin layer of hyaline cartilage e.g. joints of
vertebral bodies and symphysis pubic

29. • Permits free movements.
• Articular cartilage covered by thin layer of
hyaline cartilage
• Cavity of the articular cartilage is lined by
synovial membrane.
• Synovial fluid by synovial membrane
lubricates the surface of the articular
cartilage.

31. Joints Type of movement Example
Hinge Joint Bending and
Straightening
Elbows, knuckles of
fingers and toes
Pivot Joint Rotation Top of Spine
Condyloid Or
Gliding joint
Sliding motion Wrist and ankles
Saddle joint Rotation, Bending,
and straightening
Base of Thumbs
Ball & Socket joint All types Shoulders and hips