Six thematic blocks of my research
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1. The document outlines six blocks of research: 1) Identifying new sources of resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and net blotch in barley landraces and wild barley. 2) Applying molecular markers to identify resistance genes to various fungal pathogens. 3) Introducing effective resistance genes to major cereal pathogens using classical and molecular breeding methods. 4) Monitoring changes in pathogenicity of fungi causing economically important cereal diseases. 5) Identifying powdery mildew resistance genes in new barley varieties and strategies for durable resistance. 6) Managing pests in barley and wheat under ecological conditions using integrated pest management principles.
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This document summarizes research screening wild crucifers for resistance to the mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) and attempting to introgress resistance genes from Brassica fruticulosa into Brassica juncea. Among the wild crucifers screened, B. fruticulosa and B. montana showed the most promising resistance. Choice and no-choice experiments found B. fruticulosa and an amphiploid of B. fruticulosa x B. rapa (AD-4) exhibited strong antibiosis and lowest aphid preference, survival and fecundity compared to susceptible B. rapa. Introgression lines of B. jun
Recent advancement in rust resistence in wheat,dayanand, 01986
This document provides information about a seminar on recent advancements and current strategies in rust resistance in wheat. It introduces the speaker, Dayanand, and his advisors. The content sections will cover topics like the types and characteristics of rust fungi, milestones in rust research, the importance of rust fungi, conventional and molecular breeding approaches for developing rust resistance in wheat, and case studies.
Rajma breeding
This document provides information on breeding methods for French beans. It discusses the center of origin, distribution, breeding objectives, and different breeding procedures used, including pedigree selection, bulk breeding, backcrossing, and marker-assisted selection. The document also covers breeding for disease resistance, insect resistance, environmental stress tolerance, canning quality, and yield improvement. It reviews molecular tools used in bean breeding, such as markers, genomics, and QTL mapping. Finally, it discusses current developments and issues regarding genetically modified beans.
Assignment.pptx
The study assessed variation in resistance spectra of Ethiopian wheat cultivars to stem rust. It found that bread wheat varieties KBG-01, Bobitcho, and Megal showed resistance to all 18 rust races tested, indicating wide resistance spectra. However, varieties with previously wide spectra like Bobitcho and Megal were becoming susceptible in fields, possibly due to selection pressure on the pathogen. Variation in resistance spectra was also found among durum and emmer wheat varieties. Understanding resistance spectra provides insights into pathogen evolution and has implications for breeding and disease management strategies.
Genetic diversity of common beans as impacted on by farmer variety selection ...
Farmers in southwestern Uganda grow bean mixtures to manage bean root rots caused by Pythium fungi. A survey found farmers recognize root rot symptoms and use mixtures for disease insurance. Analysis of collected bean samples found two genetic groups, with the Mesoamerican group showing more resistance to root rots. While morphological diversity was higher in the Andean group, molecular analysis found greater diversity in the susceptible Mesoamerican varieties preferred by farmers for their root rot resistance. The study indicates farmer selection practices maintain genetic diversity needed to manage this key disease.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Genetics of Yellow Rust Resistance in Wheat
Wheat is a major staple food of world population and occupies about 21.8 % of total cultivated area accounting for 35.5 % of total food grain production at global level. Wheat is the second most important cereal of India. India is a major producer of wheat, accounting for about 13.2 percent of the world tonnage. India’s share in global exports during the year 2014-15 was 1.8 percent (Anonymous, 2016)
Functional Genomics of Plant Pathogen interactions in Wheat Rust Pathosystem
Cereal rust fungi are pathogens of major importance to agriculture, threatening cereal production worldwide. Targeted breeding for resistance, based on information from fungal surveys and population structure analyses of virulence, has been effective. Nevertheless, breakdown of resistance occurs frequently and continued efforts are needed to understand how these fungi overcome resistance and to determine the range of available resistance genes. The development of genomic resources for these fungi and their comparison has released a torrent of new ideas and approaches to use this information to assist pathologists and agriculture in general. The sequencing of gene transcripts and the analysis of proteins from haustoria has yielded candidate virulence factors among which could be defence-triggering avirulence genes. Genome-wide computational analyses, including genetic mapping and transcript analyses by RNA sequencing of many fungal isolates, will predict many more candidates (Bakkeren et al., 2012)
Dissecting the mechanisms of host-pathogen systems like wheat-rust, including pathogen counter-defenses will ensure a step ahead towards understanding current outcomes of interactions from a co-evolutionary point of view, and eventually move a step forward in building more durable strategies for management of diseases caused by fungi (Hadrami et al.,2012)
ENTO 331, Pests of Field Crops, Stroed Grains and their Management 12.04.2020...
ENTO 331, Pests of Field Crops, Stroed Grains and their Management 12.04.2020...TIRUMALASETTYMADHUMA
Third year B.Sc.,(Hons) Agri
course
Pests of field crops and stored grain and their management
Detailed lecture Notes
Suits UG programmeIn vitro evaluation of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum for its e...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Identification of Race/strain of Phytopathogenic Fungi through Conventional A...
Detection and identification of fungi has relied on a combination of microscopy and culture based techniques. Conventional methods often rely on identification of disease symptoms, isolation and culturing of environmental organisms, and laboratory identification by morphology and biochemical tests. These methods, although the cornerstone of fungal diagnostics, can lead to problems in identification, resulting in incorrect interpretation, diagnosis and ultimately treatment. The methods rely on experienced, skilled laboratory staff, the ability of the organism to be cultured, are time consuming, non quantitative, prone to contamination and error and often delay management (Atkins and Clark, 2004). During the last decades, the advent of molecular biology promised to offer radical alternatives in the detection and enumeration of fungal pathogens. Molecular technology increases understanding of the biology and population structures of plant pathogens, provides quick and accurate answers to epidemiological questions about plant diseases, and supports disease management decisions. New, rapid screening methods are being developed and increasingly used in all aspects of fungal diagnostics.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Pre-breeding By Dr...
Pre-breeding, a link between genebanks and breeding programs and create novel, diverse genetic variability by utilizing un-adapted germplasm (exotic landraces and wild species) for ready use in breeding programs.
virulence on Sr 27
- Race analysis identified four races infecting wheat cultivar Cooring carrying resistance gene Sr27 in Egypt. Race QQQCM was the most virulent, causing high infection (type 4) on Sr27. The other races were avirulent to Sr27.
- Race QQQCM was also virulent to nine other stem rust resistance genes. Race KKBBB was less aggressive, overcoming six resistance genes but being avirulent to Sr27.
- Sr31 and Sr38 were completely effective against all four races, while Sr9g, Sr36 and SrTMP were the least effective. The identification of races virulent to Sr27 is concerning for stem rust resistance in wheat.
Ymv tolerance in greengram
1. The document discusses mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) which is a major biotic stress for mungbean crops. MYMV is transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci and causes significant yield losses.
2. Research has found that resistance to MYMV in mungbean is controlled by a single recessive gene. Studies identified RAPD markers linked to the MYMV resistance gene which can enable marker-assisted selection for resistant varieties.
3. Breeding efforts aim to develop MYMV-tolerant mungbean varieties through identification of resistant lines, interspecific crosses, and induced mutations. The ultimate goal is generating superior genotypes with durable resistance to minimize yield losses
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change ...
To assess the impacts of climatic variability on major pests of various agro-climatic zones of India.To generate strategic knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation for pests and diseases using field and simulation studies,to improve capacity of stakeholders & develop a framework for dissemination of climate resilient technologies related to pest and diseases.
vet-40-3-11-1505-73
This document summarizes a study that characterized Fusarium graminearum isolates obtained from corn and barley feedstuff samples collected from dairy farms in northeastern Iran. The study found that Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the most common fungi isolated from the corn and barley samples. Fusarium spp. were found in 85.93% of corn samples and 26.56% of barley samples. Of the Fusarium isolates, 8 (11.11%) were confirmed to be F. graminearum using PCR. Five of these F. graminearum isolates were found to produce trichothecene mycotoxins using toxin gene-specific PCR primers
MycoRhizaSoil
This project aims to identify wheat traits and agricultural practices that improve soil quality and crop resilience to stress. The researchers will (1) determine the benefits of mycorrhizal wheat varieties for soil and yields under stress, (2) establish how mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting bacteria interact to increase disease resistance, and (3) evaluate combining wheat genetics with management changes like reduced tillage to restore soil communities and quality, increasing sustainability and yields.
Antagonistic potentiality of trichoderma harzianum against cladosporium spher...
This document summarizes a study on the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma harzianum against three pathogenic fungi - Cladosporium spherospermum, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. The study found that in dual culture experiments, T. harzianum inhibited the growth of all three pathogenic fungi, with the highest inhibition of A. niger at 75%, followed by C. spherospermum at 72.2%, and F. oxysporum at 25%. The antagonism is likely due to T. harzianum's production of volatile and non-volatile antibiotics. The results suggest that T. harzianum shows promise
Assessing the Vulnerability of Sorghum Converted Lines to Anthracnose and Dow...
Assessing the Vulnerability of Sorghum Converted Lines to Anthracnose and Dow...Journal of Agriculture and Crops
A total of 59 converted sorghum lines and 6 checks were evaluated for resistance to two foliar fungal diseases, anthracnose and downy mildew (SDM) in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Farm, College Station, Texas. In 2008, 23 lines exhibited resistance (35%), 29 susceptible (45%) and 13 variable responses (20%) while 15 lines showed resistance (28%), 31 susceptible (57%), and 8 variable responses to anthracnose in 2009. Nine lines SC748, PI534101, PI534073, PI533950, PI534155, PI533802, PI533776, PI533911 and PI533759 exhibited anthracnose resistance response in both years. Significantly a wide range of 8 to 89% SDM incidence was observed in the study. None of the lines recorded SDM resistance reaction in both years. However, 15 lines PI534119, PI533983, PI597970, PI534160, PI570726, PI534161, PI534112, PI576374, PI533753, SC748, PI533991, PI569998, PI534050, PI534155 and PI533898 recorded moderate resistance to SDM incidence and recommended for use in further breeding programs. There was a positive significant correlation (P = 0.0392) between anthracnose and SDM, indicating that the lines showing higher SDM incidence favors higher anthracnose infection. Significant correlation between precipitation and SDM was also noted. SC748 and PI534155 exhibited resistance to anthracnose and downy mildew diseases and hold promise for utilization in breeding programs as potential checks.Similar to Six thematic blocks of my research (20)
Recent advancement in rust resistence in wheat,dayanand, 01986
Recent advancement in rust resistence in wheat,dayanand, 01986
Genetic diversity of common beans as impacted on by farmer variety selection ...
Genetic diversity of common beans as impacted on by farmer variety selection ...
Functional Genomics of Plant Pathogen interactions in Wheat Rust Pathosystem
Functional Genomics of Plant Pathogen interactions in Wheat Rust Pathosystem
ENTO 331, Pests of Field Crops, Stroed Grains and their Management 12.04.2020...
ENTO 331, Pests of Field Crops, Stroed Grains and their Management 12.04.2020...
In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum for its e...
In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum for its e...
Identification of Race/strain of Phytopathogenic Fungi through Conventional A...
Identification of Race/strain of Phytopathogenic Fungi through Conventional A...
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Pre-breeding By Dr...
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Pre-breeding By Dr...
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change ...
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change ...
Antagonistic potentiality of trichoderma harzianum against cladosporium spher...
Antagonistic potentiality of trichoderma harzianum against cladosporium spher...
Assessing the Vulnerability of Sorghum Converted Lines to Anthracnose and Dow...
Assessing the Vulnerability of Sorghum Converted Lines to Anthracnose and Dow...
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Prezentacja / omówienie - poletek doświadczalnych projektu
AGROBANK (NCBR) oraz materiałów jęczmienia z Programu Wieloletniego i Postępu Biologicznego (MRiRW).
Jerzy H. Czembor
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WYKŁAD:
Projekt AGROBANK: System bioinformatyczny zarządzania narodowymi zasobami genetycznymi roślin użytkowych dla usług doradztwa rolniczego.
- w #IHAR-PIB, Instytucie #MRiRW w Radzikowie - 24.06.2021
=> II Ogólnopolski Pokaz Polowy Postępu Genetycznego Odmian Roślin Uprawnych, organizatorzy => #IHAR-PIB i #COBORU
2018 prezentacja konferencja karpacz1 ost popr
Gromadzenie i zachowanie zasobów genowych roślin użytkowych w Polsce 2015–2017 (Collection and preservation of crop genetic resources in Poland 2015–2017)
IHAR - Organization Structure
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Six thematic blocks of my research
- 1. 1 Six thematic blocks of my research 1. Identification of new sources of resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust and net blotch barley landraces and Hordeum spontaneum. Selection of resistant lines from barley landraces and investigation of genetic basis of their resistance. Differential lines with specific resistance genes and set of differential pathogen isolates are used. In general: Plant Genetic Resources. 2. Application of molecular markers (MAS) for identification of resistance genes to Blu- meria graminis f.sp. hordei, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici and Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici. 3. Introduction of effective resistance genes to Blumeria gramins f.sp. hordei, Puccinia hordei, Pyrenophora teres, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, Puccinia triticina - using both classical and molecular methods. In general: Pre-breeding for resistance to major cereal pathogens. 4. Monitoring of pathogenicity changes in populations of fungi (Blumeria graminis, Pucinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Pyrenophora spp., Rhynchosporium secalis) causing economically important cereal diseases – powdery mildew of wheat, barley and triticale, wheat leaf and yellow rust, barley leaf rust, net blotch and leaf scald. 5. Identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in new barley varieties from Polish Register. Resistance genes deployment strategies for effective and durable protection of barley to powdery mildew. 6. Pest management in barley and wheat under ecological and sustainable agriculture con- ditions. Application of integrated pest management (IPM) principles in wheat and bar- ley protection strategies. In general: Integrated Pest Management (IPM).