1. This document discusses various irrigation structures and canals used to supply water for agriculture. It describes the types of reservoirs, dams, regulators, culverts, weirs, and canals involved in irrigation systems. 2. It also discusses the importance of properly maintaining irrigation infrastructure like canals, measuring water flow and storage levels, and regulating water distribution to fields. 3. The summary highlights the key roles of different irrigation structures in storing and distributing water from reservoirs to farms throughout the irrigation network.

1. ePHg;ghtid
1. kdpj ghtid + Rfhjhuk;
2. tptrhak;
3. kpd; cw;gj;jp
4. Nghf;Ftuj;J
5. kPd;gpb
6. ifj;njhopy;
7. nghOJNghf;F

2. cyfpd; nkhj;j ePHtsk;
1.36 x 108
kpy;.n`f;.kPw;.
97.2%
cg;G
ePH
2.8%
ed;dPH
epy Nky; kl;l ePH
2.2%
epyj;jb
ePH
0.6%
M
W
ciwgdp gpw
0.01%
2.13%
0.04%
ngwf;$baJ
ngwKbahjJ
0.23%
0.33%
kdpjghtid
0.26%
cyf ePHtsk;

3. Nkw;gug;GePH
ePiu
• Fbg;gjw;F
• cliyr; Rj;jpfupg;gjw;F
• tptrhaj;ij Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
• kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpf;F
• kfpo;r;rpahd tpisahl;LfSf;F
Nghd;w gy;NtWnraw;ghLfSf;Fg;
gad;gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk;.
 kiotPo;r;rp
 ejpfs;
 fpzWfs;
 eP&w;Wf;fs;

4.  gpuNjrj;jpw;Fg; gpuNjrk;
ePHngwg;gLk; khHf;fq;fs;
NtWgLfpd;wd.
,tw;wpid
• kz;zpd; jd;ik
• kz;zpd; tif
• jiuj;Njhw;w mikg;G
Nghd;w fhuzpfs; epHzapf;fpd;wd.

5. •MWfs; caHe;j Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J
jho;e;j gFjpfSf;$lhfr; nrd;Wfliyr;
nrd;wilahky; ePHj;Njf;fq;fSf;F jpir
jpUg;Gtjd; %yk; ePHNrfupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
•kiotPo;r;rpapdhy; tUk; ePu; ePNue;J
gpuNjrq;fis mile;JFsq;fs;, thtpfspy;
Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

6. ,t;thWNrfupf;fg;gLk; ePHgy;NtWtopfspy;
tpuakhfpwJ.
1.ePHePHj;Njf;fq;fspd; gLf;iffspDhlhf cl;Gfy;.
• ePHepyj;jpw;$lhf cl;GftpLk; jd;ikFiwthf
,Ug;gjw;F Fsg;gLf;iffs; fspkz; tPjk; $Ljyhf
cs;sitahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
• kzy; kz; tPjk; $Ljyhf ,Ue;jhy; ePHcl;GftpLk;
jd;ikAk; $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk;.
• kuq;fspd; ,iyfs;, rUFfs; ePHg;gLf;iffspy; gbe;J
ePHcl;GftpLk; jd;ikiaf; Fiwf;fpd;wd.

7. 2. Nkw;gug;G ePuhdJ epyNkw;gug;gpw;F
mz;ikapy; ,Ug;gjhy; ePH Mtpahjy;
%yk; $Ljyhf ,of;fg;gLfpwJ.
• nghpa kuq;fspdhy; Fsq;fSf;F epoy;
nfhLg;gjd; %yKk;>
• fhw;wpd; <uypg;igf; $l;Ltjd; %yKk;>
Mtpahjypd; msitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

8. 3.ePHkl;l NtWghL fhuzkhf
ePHj;Njf;fq;fspypUe;Jmizf;fl;bDhlhff; frpe;J
(gf;f tbg;G) ntspNaWfpwJ.
• ,jw;F 30-35% fspkz; cs;s kz;iz cgNahfpj;J
mizf;fl;Lfis fl;LtJrpwe;jJ.
• ,t;thWfpilf;fg;ngwhtpbd; mizf;fl;bd;
eLg;gFjpf;F fspkz; NrHj;J,Wf;Ftjd; %yk; ePH
frpe;Jnry;Yk; msitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

9. • tTdpah,kd;dhH khtl;lq;fspy; Nkw;gug;G
ePH tptrhaj;jpw;Nf $Ljyhfg;
ghtpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
• new;gapHr;nra;if ngUk;Nghfk;,rpWNghfk;
vd;W ,UKiw nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
• ngupa ePHg;ghrdf; Fsq;fspypUe;Jk; rpwpa
ePHg;ghrdf; Fsq;fspypUe;Jk;
tha;f;fhy;fspd; %yk; ePHtoq;fg;gLfpwJ.
• ,tw;wpy; mNefkhd jpl;lq;fspy;
ePHj;jl;Lg;ghL fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

10. ,tw;wpw;fhdfhuzq;fs;:
1.jpwe;j tha;f;fhy;fspDhlhf gapHr;nra;if
epyq;fSf;F ePHnrd;wilAk; NghJVw;gLk;
ePupog;Gfs;
2.ePHg;ghrdf;Fsq;fspy; ePUl;GFjy;,
mizf;fl;bDhlhf gf;ftbg;G Vw;gly;,ePHMtpahjy;
3.fpUkp ehrpdp, cuk; ghtpg;gjw;F Nkyjpf
ePiug; ghtpj;jy;.
4.gjpNtl;by; cs;s tp];jPuzj;jpYk; ghu;f;f mjpfsT
nra;if gz;zg;gly;.
5.ePiur; rpf;fdkhfg; ghtpg;gJgw;wpa mwpTk;
Mu;tKk; Fiwthf ,Uj;jy;.

11. 6. gioa Kiwg;gb tptrha eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
7. tptrha cgfuzq;fs;;,ney; tq;fpf;fld; Kjypad
tptrhapfSf;F cupa fhyj;jpy; fpilf;fhik.
ePupog;Gfs; Vw;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; Nkw;gug;G
ePUf;F mjpfk; vd;gjhy; fhyNghfj;jpy;
,ad;wsT Fiwe;jsT ePiug; ghtpj;JePiur;
Nrkpg;gjd; %yk; $basT rpWNghfk;
nra;tjw;F ePHKfhikj;Jt eilKiwfisf;
ifahs Ntz;Lk;.

12. •,jid gapHr; nra;if njhlq;f Kd;dHjpl;lkply; Ntz;Lk;.
•,t;thWjpl;lkpLk; NghJ
fpilf;ff; $ba tsq;fs;
ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fspd; nraw;ghLfs;
tptrhak; nra;if gz;zg;gLk; fhzpapd; tp];jPuzk;
fle;j fhy mDgtq;fs;
tptrhapfspd; r%fg; nghUshjhu epiyikfs;
Mfpad fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk;
•ngUk; Nghfj;ij jpl;lkpl;lgb Fwpj;j fhyj;jpy;
Muk;gpj;jy;.
•gapHnra; jiuia ,aYkhd tiu rkg;gLj;jy;.
•tha;f;fhy;fis Jg;guthf itj;jpUj;jy;.
•ePsk; $ba tha;f;fhy;fspy; gapHr;nra;ifia jtpHj;jy;.

13. • gapupd; ntt;NtWtsHr;rpg; gUtq;fisf;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;L mjw;Nfw;g ePiug; gha;r;Rjy;.
• rpWNghfj;jpy; ney; tay;fSf;F mUfhikapy;
cs;s tha;f;fhy;fspypUe;JtUk; frpT ePiug;
gad;gLj;jp rpWjhdpaq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.
• ePHg;ghrd Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; ePHg;ghrdj;
jpizf;fsq;fs;>tptrha jpizf;fsq;fs;> fkj;njhopw;
jpizf;fsq;fs; Mfpad gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd.
•,it vy;yhtw;iwAk;tpl ePHKfhikj;Jtj;ijr;
rpwg;ghf eilKiwg;gLj;jypy; ngUk; gq;fspg;G
tptrhapfisr; NrHe;jJ.

14. ePHg;ghrdjpl;lnkhd;wpd; gpujhd
ghfq;fs;
ePuhdJfpilf;fg; ngWk; topfs;; :-
•kio
•Fsq;fs;
•Mo;fpzW
•eP&w;Wf;fs;
ePHj;Njf;f jpl;lq;fspd; Nehf;fq;fs; :-
•ePHg;ghrdk;
•FbePHtrjp,tPl;Lg; ghtid
•kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp
•nts;sg; ngUf;iff; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
•ed;dPHkPd;tsHg;G

15. ePHj;Njf;fq;fSf;FePuhdJfpilf;fg;ngWk; topfs;
•kio %yk; Neubahf
•kio %ykePNue;JgpuNjrq;fis te;jilAk; ePH
%yk;
•MWfSf;F FWf;Nf mizf;fl;ilf; fl;b
ePHj;Njf;fq;fSf;F jpirjpUg;Gtjd; %yk;
1.rpwpa ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;: 200 Vf;fHtiu
2.eLj;ju ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;: 200-1500 Vf;fH
3.ngupa ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;: 1500 Vf;fUf;F
Nky;

16. Fsj;jpd; FWf;Fntl;LKfk;
1
2
4
3
5
6
1. Fsj;jpd; Mff;Fiwe;j nfhs;ssT.
(DEAD STORAGE)
2. ePupid gad;ghl;Lf;F toq;ff;$ba Mff; Fiwe;j kl;lk.;
(MINIMUM POOL LEVEL)
3. ePupid gad;ghl;Lf;F toq;ff;$ba Mff; $ba kl;lk;.
(MAXIMUM POOI LEVEL)
4. toq;fg;glf; $ba ePupd; Mff; $ba nfhs;ssT.
(ACTIVE STORAGE)
5. ePupd; Mff; $ba nts;s kl;lk;.
(HFL)
6. mizf;fl;bd; cr;rp kl;lk;.
(BTL)

18. • SLUICE
• SPILL SPILL CREST
SLOPING APRON STILLING BASIN
• fhy;tha;fs;
1.gpujhd fhy;tha;fs; (MAIN CANALS)
2.fpisf; fhy;tha;fs; (BRANCH CANALS)
3.gfpUk; fhy;tha;fs; (DISTRIBUTING CANALS)
4.tptrha fhy;tha;fs; (FIELD CANALS)

19. ePiur; rpwe;j Kiwapy; toq;f ePHg;ghrdf; fl;Lkhdq;fs;
(IRRIGATION STRUCTURES)
mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
• TURN OUT,OFF TAKES
• REGULATORS
• CULVERTS AND DRANAGE UNDER CROSSING
MEASURING DEVICES (msf;Fk; fUtpfs;;)
• PARTIAL FLUME
• BROAD CRESTED WEIR

20. ePh; Ve;JgpuNjrk;
MW
ePh; nfhs;Sk;
gpuNjrk;
ePHg;gha;r;rw
; gpuNjrk;
ePh;g;ghrd
tha;f;fhy;;

21. Rw;whly; khriljYk; ePHg;ghrdj;
jpl;lq;fSk;
01. jpl;lj;jpd; ePNue;JgpuNjrk;
a. ePNue;JgpuNjrj;jpy; rpWrpWjpl;lq;fis ePHg;ghrdj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; mDkjpapd;wp eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
b. ePNue;JgpuNjrj;jpy; Nrid kw;Wk; gapHr;nra;iffis
mjpfupj;jYk; fhLfis mopj;jYk;.
02. Fsj;jpd; ePHgpbf;Fk; gpuNjrk;
a. ePHgpbf;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;
b. Fsj;Jf;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l xJf;fPl;L epyj;jpy;
Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.

22. 03. ePHtoq;fYk; kw;Wk; tbfhy;
tha;f;fhy;fSk;
a. ePHtoq;fy; tha;f;fhy;fspd; xJf;fPl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; gapH
nra;jy;.
b. tbfhy;tha;f;fhy;is eputp mtw;wpy; gapHnra;jy;.
04. Fsj;jpy; gad; ngWk; fhzpfs;
a. xJf;fPl;L kw;Wk; Nkl;L epyj;jpy; gapHnra;jy;.
b. xJf;fPl;L kw;Wk; jho; Nkl;L epyq;fl;F jw;fhypf
mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;Fjy;.

23. 05. ,tw;iwj; jPHg;gjw;fhdMNyhridfs;.
a. ePNue;JgpuNjrq;fspy; Kaw;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;> Gjpa
ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fisNah> gioa ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fis
tpupTgLj;jiyNah ,g;gFjpapy; jLj;jy;.
b. ePHgpbf;Fk; gpuNjrq;fspy; Kaw;rpfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.
c. xJf;fPl;L epyq;fis gpwHcupiknfhz;lhLjiyNah> my;yJ
cj;juTg;gj;jpuk; toq;FjiyNah jLj;jy;.
d. ,tw;wpy; <LgLk; tptrhapfspy; eltbf;if vLj;jy;.
e. jpl;lq;fspy; jw;fhypf mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;FKd; ePHg;ghrdg;
nghwpapayhsupd; rk;kjj;ijg; ngwy;.
f. vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf ntspf;fs cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; murepyq;fis
tptrhapfs; ifafg;gLj;j ,lk;nfhlhJtpopg;ghf ,Uj;jy;.

24. ePHg;ghrdj;jpl;lk;
(1)rpwpa ePHg;ghrdj;jpl;lk; < 200 ACS
(2)ngupa ePHg;ghrdj;jpl;lk; > 200 ACS
(a) PROVINCIAL SCHEME
(b) INTER PROVINCIAL SCHEME
(a) PROVINCIAL COUNCIL
(b) CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
ngupa ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lk;
1] eLj;ju (Medium) 2] ngupa (Major)
200 1500 Vf;fH 1500 Vf;fupw;F Nky;
Fwpg;G :- 1990 ,y; mikr;rHfhkpdp jprhehaf;fhtpd; jdpg;gl;l rpghuprpy;
1000Vf;fupw;F Fiwe;j vy;yhj;jpl;lq;fSk; khfhzrigf;Ff;
ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ,Jgpw;fhyj;jpy; kPsg;ngwg;gl;lJ.

25. 1856 – PADY LAND IRRIGATION ORDINANCE
(a) RULES
(b) GAN SABBAS –OFFICERS & FARMER
REPRESENTATIVE
(c) VEL VIDANE
1876 – VILLAGE COUNCIL
1887 – FORMATION OF P.W.D
1900 – FORMATION OF ID
1956 – IRRIGATION ORDINANCE
1958 – PADY LAND ACT
(1) SECURITY TO TENNENT CULTIVATION
(2) ESTABILISHMENT OF CULTIVATION COMMITTEE
(NO VEL VIDANE SYSTEM)
DIRECT IMPACT ON ALL MAJOR IRRIGATION SCHEMESAND
LAND SETTLEMENT SCHEMES.
BOTH IRRIGATION ORDINANCE AND PADY LAND ACT

26. 1968 – IRRIGATION ORDINANCE
POWER TO CULTIVATION COMMITTEE
1970 – AGRICULTURAL MODIFICATION LAW BY THIS
CULTIVATIONCOMMITTEE GET THE POWER
THIS CONTRADICT 1968 IRRIGATION ORDINANCE.
1979 – AGRARTION SERVICE ACT
ABOLISHMEN OF PRODUCTION COMMITTEE AND
FORMATION OF CULTIVATION COMMITTEE
POST OF CULTIVATION OFFICER
1988 –
1988 – AGRARIAN SERVICE AMMENDMENT ACT
FARMER ORGANISATION
1994 – AMMENDED IRRIGATION ORDINANCE.

27. HIGHLIGHTS OF IRRIGATION
AMENDMENTS OF JUNE 1994
1. SUBSTITUTION FOR “CULTIVATION COMMITTEE”
THE EXPRESSION OF “FARMERS ORGANIZATION”
2. THE EXEMPTION OF PAYMENT ON IRRIGATION
RATE IN RESPECT OF INTER PROVINCIAL
IRRIGATION SCHEMES.
WHERE FO’S HAS TAKEN OVER THE O & M OF
WHOLE OR PART OF DISTRIBUTORY CANALS
3. FO’S THAT HAS TAKEN OVER O & M OF “D” CANALS
CAN IMPOSE AND RECOVER A LEVY.
4. PROVIDES FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF PROJECT
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES AND SUB PROJECT
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES.

28. 5. FO COMPOSITION IN P M C SHOULD
BE NOT LESS
THAN FIFTY PER CENT OF TOTAL
MEMBERSHIP THE
OFFICALS WILL BE REPRESENTATIVE
FROM.
- D I
- L C
- D A S
- D AGRICULTURE
- C – OF CO- OPERATIVE
DEVELOPMENT
- D I V SECS
- ANY OTHERS

29. 6. P M SHOULD BE APPOINTED BY THE
SECRETARY IN
CHARGE OF THE SUBJECT OF
IRRIGATION.
7. P M C CAN HOLD PRE CULTIVATION
MEETING AND MAKE
RECOMMENDATION TO DIV SECS.
THE MEETING OF P M C SUMMONED BY
DIV SECS NOW
CALLED “CULTIVATION MEETINGS” AND
TAKE
DECESIONS
PROVIDED TWO THIRD OF FO REPS IN

30. ePHts Kfhikj;Jtk; (S.W)
1. ePHVe;JgFjp Kfhik. (MWfs; mlq;fyhf)
2. jpl;l Kfhik.
3. ghrdg; gFjp Kfhik.
1
* Reservoir *
** Electric power
**
*** Navigation
***
Divertion
Dam
Side
Flow
Irrigati
on
Divertio
n
Navigati
on
Domestric water
supply
Salinity control
(To prevent solt water
intretion)

31. SRILANKA
Area – 25,332
Sq m
Land
24,997
Inland
water 335
RAM FALL
Dry zone
90” - 200”
South
West
South
Center
Wet zone
30” - 60”
North
WestNorth
EastSouth

32. jpl;l Kfhik
1.Fixing Priority
2.Operation of system
ghrdKfhikj;Jtk;
1.Water Management
2.Land consolidation
Land consolidation will be the ultimate
out come of the proper water resource .
In respect of Irrigation sector

33. ePHjpdk; ??
ePH
01. vy;NyhUf;Fk; ePH
02. xU Flk; ePupd; tpiy?
03. ePHtpuaj;ijj; jLj;jy;
04. ePHguhkupg;gpy; $l;L
Kaw;rp
05. gpw; re;jjpapdHf;Fk; ePH
ePHts Kfhikj;Jtk;
,Ug;G ghtid guhkupg;
G

34. ePH
1. mwpKfk;
2. Nkw;gug;G ePH
i. mikT
ii. ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fSk; ePHtpuaKk; fl;Lg;gLj;jYk;.
iii. ePh;g;ghrdj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd ghfq;fs;
iv. ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fSk; Rw;whly; khRglYk;.
v. ,yq;ifapy; ePHg;ghrdr; rl;lq;fs;.
3. epyj;jb ePH
i. ,yq;ifapy; epyj;jb ePupd; ngWif.
ii. epyj;jb ePupd; cUthf;fKk; guk;gYk;.
iii. epyj;jb ePupd; ,af;fk;.
iv. epyj;jb ePupd; ghtid vy;iy.
v. epyj;jb ePupd; juhjuk;.
4. Mw;Wg;gLf;iffSk; ePupd; gad;ghLk;
i. mUtp MW
ii. Nkhjiu MW
cyf ePHjpdk;
22.03.2002
fUj;juq;F
ePHg;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;
tTdpah.

35. ePHtsk;
1. epyj;jbePHtsk;
2. epyNky; ePHtsk;
1.epyj;jb ePHtsk;
1. epyj;jpd; jd;ik
2. ePHg;ghtidtpfpjk;
3. kPs; cl;nrYj;Jk; msT
4. nraw;if Kiwahy; Nrkpj;jy;

36. LIMITATION OF USAGE OF
GROUND WATER
1.SALT WATER INVESTIGATION
2.LOWERING W.T
SOLUTION
1.SAFE EXTRACTION
2.ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE
(1). INJECTION
(2). TEMPORARY FLOODING
(3). IMPROVING IN CRITICAL HIGH
PERMEABLE LOCATION

37. SRILANKA
1. NORTH WESTERN AND NORTHERN LIME STONE BELT
DEPEND SOLELY ON G.W
2. DRY LOW LAND ZONE
(VAVUNIYA,ANURADHAPURA,POLONNARUWA)
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT…………………
OCT –JAN SURFACE WATER(S.W)
REST GROUND WATER(G.W)
3. COSTAL BELT
BOTH GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER
4. WET ZONE
MAINLY SURFACE WATER

38. GROUND WATER FORMATION
BED ROCK AQVITON
1.IGNAOUS ROCK(jPg;ghiw)
HARDLY POROUS LESS
WATER HOLDING
WATER HELD IN FA…….
2. METAMOPHIC(cUkhwpaghiw)
HARDLY POROUS LESS
WATER HOLDING
WATER HELD IN FA…….
3.SEDIMENTORY (milaw; ghiw)
WHETHERING AND EROTION
SAND
STONE
LIME
STONE
DUE TO
POROUS
NATURE
HELD,WATER
DUE TO CALCIUM
CARBONATE SOLUTION IN
CARBONIC ACID
SOLUTION CANAL
CARVERNS

39. QUALITY OF GROUND WATER
1.ctHj;jd;ik(BRACKISHNESS)
2.fbdj;jd;ik(HARDNESS)
<150PPM GOOD POTABLE WATER
(PARTS PER MILLION)
1500> >150
MANAGABIC FOR DOMESTRIC USE
SEA WATER 20,000 24,000 PPM
TEST
ADD SILVER NITRATE
<100 PPM SOFT WATER
> 300 PPM HARD WATER
> 1000 PPM PROHIBITEDFOR USE
REMOVAL BY HEATING
CONVERSION OF INSOLUABLE SALTS AS
SEDIMENTS
1
2

40. epyj;jb ePHj;jhq;fp OSAKA CITY
(UNDER GROUND DAM)
fly;
BED ROCK
F.R
G.W
DEPTH > 60m
NOTE: F.B > 10mTO PREVENT
WATER LOGGIST
CROSS SECTION
90 Cm
55Cm

41. GROUND WATER TERMINOLOGY
1.WATER SHED / BASIN
2.PRECIPITATION
3.SURFACE FLOW
4.RUN OFF
5.INTERCEPTION
6.TRANSPIRATION
7.EVAPOTRANS PIRATION
8.PERCULATION
9.INFILTRATION
10.AQUIFER
11.GROUND WATER
(1) G.W
(2) D.G.W
12.WATER TABLE
13.GROUND WATER CONTOUR

42. ePHtPo;gbT/kio
flj;jg;gLk; Mtpahfp ePH
EVAPOTRANSPRATION
MtpahFk;
ePh;
fly;
ePH
Njf;fq;fs;/
fhy;tha;fs;
ePHNjf;fq;fs;
gf;ftbg;G ePH
SEEPAGE
,wq;F ePH
PERCOLATION
cl;GFk; ePH
INFILTRATION
epyj;jbapy; cs;s ePH
GROUND WATER FLOW
ePhpay; tl;lk;
cg;G ePH

43. 1 2a
3
4 MSL
GWL
FWZ
BWZ
b
5
c
Fig: GROUND WATER CONDITIONS IN THE JAFFNA PENINSULA (AFTER C.H.I
STRIMANNE,1952)
(a)Red Earth,(b)Jaffna lime stone,(c)Granite gneiss,(MSL)Mean sea level,
(GWL)Ground water level,(FWZ)Zone of fresh water saturation,(BWZ)Probable zone
of brackish water:(1)Dry well,(2)Well of puttur type,(3)Ordinary successful
well,(4)Spring of keerimalai type,(5)Solution cavern

44. A RAINY SEASON
SALT WATER
FRESH WATERM.S.L
BED ROCK
B DRY SEASON
M.S.L
FW
BW
SW
BED ROCK
Fig Groundwater conditions in coastal sands.
1. Fresh water well, 2. brackishwater well, BW, brackishwater zone
1
2
1
2

45. DRY ZONE
WET ZONE
INTERMIDIATE
ZONE
• COLOMBO
• JAFFNA
• TRINCOMALEE
• BATTICALOA
• ANURADHAPURA
• NUWARAELIYA
• KANDY
• MATARA
• PUTTALAM
• HAMBANTOTA
• RATNAPURA
1
2
3
1. 30” – 60”
2. 60” – 90”
3. 90” – 200”
epyk; - 24>997
ePH - 335 (Sq Mile)

46. MIOCENE LIME STONE
VIJAYAN COMPLEY
(MATOMOPHRS)
HIGH LAND SERIS
(IGNASIOUS)

47. Miocene lime stone
Jurassic(Gondwana)
Vijayan complex
High land series
•Galle
Colombo •
•
•Mannar
Puttalam
Jaffna
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Vavuniya
Anuradhapura
Tabbowa
Kandy
Badulla
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fig: Sketch map of
geology of Sri

48. Recharge area
Water table
Piezometric surface
Ground surface
Flowing well
Water table well
Artesian well
Water table
Unconfined aquifer
Confining stratum
Confined aquifer
Impermeable state

49. mizf;fl;L
RIP RAP
HFL
FSL
xU tifahd
xU rPuhd kz;
(Homogenious
soil)
FILTER
RIPRAP
TRANSTION FILTER
ePUl;Gftplf; $ba gFjp
ePUl;Gf tplh eLg;gFjp
(IMPERVIOUS CORE)