This document summarizes the achievements and key findings of a model that analyzed the effects of different soil types on earthquake intensity in Kathmandu valley. The model found that (1) sites with sandy and silty soil like Gongabu and Balaju were more prone to intensified shaking, (2) Balkumari had comparatively less shaking due to its bedrock and silt composition, and (3) microzonation and revised building codes are needed to account for varying soil conditions and their impacts on earthquake hazards.

2. ACHIEVEMENTS
• First runner-up in model competition held on the occasion of 19th
National Earthquake Safety Day
• First runner-up in BE MODEL COMPETITION in 8th National Civil
Engineering Exhibition CUM Competition 2073
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3. SCENARIO
• Basically from1990 BS to 2074 BS Nepalese are shaken by earthquake
in certain interval
• Kathmandu valley has been affected by major three earthquake
• Valley has lacustrine soil base which is poor in earthquake resistant
and promote earthquake intensity
• Even valley suffers from SITE EFFECT
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4. IMPORTANCE OF MODEL
• It generally shows importance of site effects
• It tries to convince seismic ground response of various place in single
valley
• It stands for seismic microzonation and application of this
consideration in seismic resistant design
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5. CONSEQUENCE OF SITE EFFECT
• Nearly all historical important architectures were destroyed
• Mainly Balaju and gongabu were heavily destroyed whereas other are
least affected
• In a small territory soil geology cause further amplification of
earthquake intensity
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6. ANALYSIS
• Borehole log were collected and they were analyzed through help of
DEEPSOIL for 1-D analysis for BALAJU,BALKUMARI and GONGABU
• MICROTREMOR data were calculated for natural frequency
calculation and to know for what frequency soil undergo resonance
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7. RESULT
• Gongabu and balaju soil are found to be prone of site effect as their
most soil is sandy and silt and proof have been given by recent
earthquake
• Balkumari is comparatively safe than above mentioned as their most
base lithology is consist of hard rock and silt
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8. MESSAGE FROM MODEL
• Microzonation is need of today
• Design codes are to be reformed including site effect
• Index properties of soil has to be checked for multistorey building
with high importance factor
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9. INSPIRATION
• This idea is very new in Nepal so you can do further research in it
• Research oriented model can be plus point in engineering model
competition
• Always adopt unique idea so you can catch limelight
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10. WE ARE IN DEBT TO
• Dr. Sajana Suwal (chief supervisor)
• Er. Rameshwor Shrestha
• Er. Ananda K. Mishra
• Khwopa College of engineering family
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