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Sinir sisteminin gelişimi 2010 2013.p ]
- 1. SİNİR SİSTEMİNİN GELİŞİMİ PROF.DR. MUSTAFA TAŞYÜREKLİ İÜ.CTF H+E A.D
- 2. 2 ÜÇÜNCÜ HAFTA • DORZALDE PRİMİTİF ÇİZGİ OLUŞMASI • NÖRAL BORU,NOTOKORDA (KIKIRDAK İSKELET),KRİSTA NÖRALİS OLUŞMASI
- 7. 7 PRESOMİT Dİ EMBRİYOSU 18.GÜN NÖRAL PLAK PRİMİTİF ÇUKUR İLKEL ÇİZGİ (mezoderm) KESİLMİŞ AMNİYON
- 9. 9 Presomite Embryo – 20 days Neural groove Somite Primitive streak KESİLMİŞ AMNİYON
- 11. 11 22 GÜNLÜK İNSAN EMBRİYOSU OPTİK PLAK SOMİT KESİLMİŞ AMBNİYON NÖRAL KABARTILAR
- 12. NÖRAL BORU • 2/3 ANTERİYÖR ENSEFALON • 1/3 KAVDAL MEDÜLLA SPİNALİS • KRANYAL NÖROPOR KAPANIR 25.GÜN • ENSEFALON 3 ŞİŞKİNLİK YAPAR – PROZENSEFALON – MEZENSEFALON – R0MBENSEFALON • KAVDAL NÖROPOR KAPANIR 27.GÜN • NÖRAL BORU HATALI GELİŞİMLERİ
- 14. 14 23 GÜNLÜK EMBRİYO PPERİKARDİY AL KABARTI CRANİYAL NÖROPOR KAVDAL NÖROPOR
- 25. MERKEZİ SİNİR SİSTEMİNİN GELİŞİMİNDE 7 ADIM 1. NÖROBLAST VE GLİYOBLAST GELİŞİMİ 2. BLASTLARIN BULUNDUKLARI BÖLGELERE GÖÇÜ 3. FONKSİYONEL GRUPLARI OLUŞTURACAK HÜVRE GRUPLARININ OLUŞMASI 4. BLASTLARIN SİNİRSEL HÜCRELERE FARKLILAŞMASI 5. GRUPLARDAKİ FAZLALIK HÜCRELERİN APOPTOZLA TEMİZLENMESİ 6. AKSONUN HEDEF HÜCREYE UZAMASI ,SİNAPS OLUŞTURMA 7. BAZI BAGLANTILARIN KOPARILARAK FONKSİYONEL BAĞLANTILARIN GELİŞMESİ
- 26. 26 MYELİNİZASYON • MS TRAKTUSLARINDA 4.AYDA BAŞLAR,9.AYDA TAMAMLANIR • ANA MOTOR YOLLAR 2 YAŞINDA TAMAMLANIR • SEREBELLUM VE SEREBRUMDA İSE BLÜĞ ÇAĞINDA TAMAMLANIR.
- 27. • NÖRAL BORUNUN ÇOK KATLI EPİTELE FARKLILAŞMASI -NÖROEPİTEL HÜCRELERİ KÖK HÜCRELERİDİR -NÖROEPİTEL HÜCRELERİ BÖLÜNEREK NÖROBLAST VE GLİYOBLASTLARA FARKLILAŞIR • -NÖROBLASTLAR VE GLİYOBLASTLAR PİYAMATERİN ÜSTÜNDEKİ BAZAL LAMİNAYA DOĞRU RADİYER OLARAK GÖÇ EDERER VE ÇOK KAYLI EPİTEL ÖZELLİĞİ ORTAYA ÇIKAR KALINLIĞI BÖLGESEL HÜCRE BİRİKİMLERİ İLE FARKLIDIR - EPENDİMAL HÜCRELER EPİTELOİD HÜCRELERDİR KOROİD PLEKSÜSÜSNÜ YAPARAK SSS YI SALGILAR
- 41. AVE MS VE 1 ANTİJENİ Otx2 Lim 1 Goosecoid Hex Serebrus ilişkili 1 ENSEF
- 43. NÖROTROFİK FAKTÖRLER-NÖRON FARKLILAŞMASI BÜYÜMESİ VE YAŞAMASI BÜYÜME FAKTÖRLERİDİR. DERMOMYOTOM------NGF……………………… NÖROTROFİN 3………. BEYİN KAYNAKLI……. BÜYÜME FAKTÖRÜ….. PERİFERAL NÖRONLARIN BÜYÜMESİ VE YAŞAMASI
- 44. FİBROBLAST BÜYÜME FAKTÖRÜ (FGF) HEDGEHOG PROTEİNLERİ SONİC HEDGEHOG(SHH) Wnt ailesi salgılanmış glikoproteinler Dönüştürücü büyüme faktörü beta(TGFb) süper ailesi Aktivin,kemik biçimlendirici protein(BMP),VG1 AİLESİ ,Nodal
- 45. Nerve Pathways are Precisely Defined Figure Shows nerve pathways in left & right chick limbs Near perfect mirror-image symmetry Thus, neurons follow precisely defined paths
- 46. Human Development Professor Danton O’Day © Copyright 1998-2010 Danton H. O'Day References O’Rahilly and Muller, 2008. Significant features in the early prenatal development of the human brain. Annals of Anatomy References 30: 379-395. Jiang et al, 2009. Hedgehog signalling in development Cirulli et al, 2009. The NGF saga. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology and cancer. Mol. Cell 15: 801-812. Krejci et al, 2009. Molecular pathology of the fibroblast growth factor family. Human mutation 30: 1245-1255. MacDonald et al, 2009. Wnt/-catenin signalling: components, mechanisms and diseases. Mol. Cell 17: 9-26. Simpson et al, 2009. Trafficking, development and hedgehog. Mech. of Dev. 126:279-288. Wu & Hill, 2009. TGF- Superfamily signalling in embryonic
- 47. BAŞIN GELİŞİMİNE ARACILIK EDEN GENLER KORDA MEZODERM İLKEL ÇİZGİ EKTODERM EPİTELYAL EKTODERM NÖROEKTO DERM NÖRAL PLAK İLERİ BEYİN
- 49. Inhibition of either F-Actin or microtubules inhibits neurulation F-Actin acts like purse strings to pull apex of cell Microtubules elongate cell to give it polarity for movement Induction of Neural Tissue by Chordamesoderm During gastrulation special region of mesoderm underlies overlying ectoderm Chordamesoderm is future notochord
- 50. The Primary Germ Layers The following diagram shows the general arrangement of tissues in a cross-section of the human embryo after gastrulation. During gastrulation the chordamesoderm projected through the primitive node by convergent extension as the notochordal process. After gastrulation, three germ layers are evident: Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. After forming, the notochordal process then embedded within the endoderm as shown in the following figure. As neurulation progresses, the chordamesoderm will again separate out as the presumptive notochord.
- 51. Notochord Formation At this point the presumptive notochordal tissue will separate from the endoderm and re-organize as the notochord below the neural ectoderm as the neural ectoderm begins folding to form the neural tube. Folding of the neural ectoderm results in the neural tube The neural tube is the precursor of the brain & spinal cord
- 52. Bottle Cells Bottle cells appear at time of neurulation Change in shape of epithelial to bottle cell is one of driving forces for event Cytoskeletal changes lead to bottle cell shape Microfilaments (F-actin) at apex Microtubules down long axis of cell
- 53. Cytoskeleton of Bottle Cells & Neurulation
- 54. BMPs SHH s s s sF N N BMPs F N BMPs BMP NÖRAL OLUK VENTRALİZASYONU SHH BAZAL VE TABAN PLAKLARI
- 55. PAX 3,7 PAX 3,7 PAX 3,7 PAX 6 S S S S N F F PAX 6 NN BMP PAX 3,7 PAX 6 SHH ALAR BAZAL NÖRAL BORU ALAR—BAZAL PLAKLAR PAX 3,7 MSX 1.2
- 57. Late Neurula Neural Tube: One layer of cells surrounding a lumen & covered by external limiting membrane Neural Crest have separated out--begun to migrate Neural Tube thickens & folds to form brain New layers of nerve cells will appear in brain & spinal cord
- 58. TThhee NNeeuurraall CCrreesstt:: FFrroomm PPiiggmmeennttaattiioonn ttoo CCrraanniiooffaacciiaall DDeeffeeccttss Formation of the Neural Crest: An Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation Transcription Factors Mediate Neural Crest Delamination Losing Contact and Finding Their Way Home SEM of Neural Crest Neural Crest Cells Migrate Through the Embryo Major Derivatives of the Neural Crest Migration of the Neural Crest N-CAM: Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Factors That Guide Neural Crest Cells Regulation of Neural Crest Cells Fate Differentiation of Trunk Neural Crest Cells
- 59. Formation of Neural Crest: An Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation Because they play such an important part in embryonic development and because they contribute so many different cell types to the developing embryo, the neural crest is considered by some to be the fourth germ layer. The neural crest cells are interesting because they will form many critical cell & tissue types and certain cancers and other problems are associated with them. While little is known about the migration of neural crest in humans, the situation has been well studied in frogs, birds and more recently in mammals. Prior to their departure from the neural tube neural crest cells exist as part of an epithelium. First they must digest the extracellular basal lamina (shown in grey), a process that involve matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs). After leaving
- 60. “Fig. 1. Development of βgal expression in dorsal regions of WlacZ/+ embryos. (A) Low-power view through the trunk section of an E9.5 embryo. (B) High-power view reveals faint βgal+ cells (arrow) within the dorsal midline at E9.5. (C) Low-power view through the trunk at the level of the forelimb of an E10.5 embryo. (D) High-power view of the dorsal midline reveals strong βgal+ cells (filled arrow) on the dorsal midline of the NT. (E) High-power view of the ectoderm reveals strong βgal+ cells (filled arrows). There are also βgal+ cells in ventrolateral regions of the NT and surrounding it (open arrows in C and E). ect, ectoderm. Scale bars: 250 μm in A,C; 50 μm in B,D,E.)”
- 64. NÖRAL BORU DUVARINDAN FARKLILAŞAN HÜCRELER SEMPATİK GANGLİYONKRİSTA NÖRALİSTEN GELİŞEN HÜCRELER SPİNAL GANGLİYON EPENDİMA ASTROSİT OLİGODENDROSİT MSS NÖRONLARI
- 65. NÖRAL BORUDA NÖROBLAST FARKLILAŞMASI NÖRAL YALANCI ÇOK KATLI EPİTELYUM
- 67. The Outgrowth of the Nerve Axon Towards Its Target Tissue
- 70. FARKLILAŞAN NÖROBLASTLARIN MANTO TABAKASINA GÖÇÜ İLKEL NÖROBLAST
- 72. MİTOZ GEÇİREN HÜCRE DNA SENTEZ ZONU MANTO TABAKASI NÖROBLAST LAR MEZENKİMNÖRAL BORU DUVARI BAZALİ NÖRAL KANAL LÜMENİ BAĞLANTI KOMPLEKSLERİ TERMİNAL KİLİT
- 73. NÖROBLAST GÖÇÜ RADİYAL GLİYAL HÜCRE GÖÇ EDEN NÖROBLAST MS S.ALBA
- 76. NÖRAL BORUDA GERÇEKLEŞEN . MİTOZ DALGALARI1-ÇOK SIRALI EPİTELİ OLUŞTURACAK MİTOZ YATAY MİTOZ 2-NÖROBLASTLARI OLUŞTURACAK MİTOZ DİKEY MİTOZ 3-GLİYABLASTLARI OLUŞTURACAK MİTOZ DİKEY MİTOZ 4-EPENDİMİ OLUŞTURACAK MİTOZ
- 78. Mustafa MSENSEFAL ON VENTRİKÜLMERKEZİ KANAL NÖRAL KANAL ÇOK SIRALI EPİTEL . (nöroepitel ÇOK KATLI EPİTEL(sinir dokusu) DİKEY MİTOZ NÖROBLASTİK MİTOZ DALGASI GLİYAL MİTOZ DALGASI EPENDİMAL M 2 3 4 Ç.S E MİTOZ DALGASI 1 PİYAMATER
- 82. NÖROBLAST GÖÇÜ RADİYAL GLİYAL HÜCRE GÖÇ EDEN NÖROBLAST MS S.ALBA
- 86. GRİ MADDE GELİŞİMİ TAVAN TABAN LATERAL DORZAL VENTRAL PAX 3,7 BMP 4, 7 SHH NKX 2.2 (MSX 1-2)
- 91. YÜZEY EKTODERMİ MARGİNAL TABAKA/AK MADDE VENTRAL MOTOR KÖK KARIŞIK SPİNAL SİNİR MYOTOM SEMPATİK BEYAZ RAMUS SEMPATİK GAMGLİYON SEMPATİK GRİ RAMUS AORTA SPİNAL GANGLİYON DORZAL DUYSAL KÖK MENİNKSLER DORZAL ALAR PLAK TAVAN PLAĞI SULKUS LİMİTANS DORZAL BOYNUZ/GRİ MADDE TABAN PLAĞIYÜZEY EKTODERMİ CORPUS VERTEBRA VENTRAL BOYNUZ/GRİ MADDE NOTOKORDA VENTRAL DUYSAL KÖK
- 92. AK MADDE GRİ MADDE DORZAL DUYSAL KÖK SPİNAL GANGLİYON VENTRAL MOTOR KÖK VENTRAL DUYSAL KÖK KARIŞIK SPİNAL SİNİR NOTOKORDA SEMPATİK BEYAZ RAMUS SEMPATŞK GANGLİYON MYOTOM LÜMEN NÖRAL EPİTELYUM
- 93. Korpus vertebra
- 94. POSTERİYÖR ARKUS VERTEBRA TASLAĞI DORZAL BOYNUZ TASLAĞI LATERAL BOYNUZ POSTERİYÖR KÖK MENİNGEAL ALAN GELİŞEN AK MADDE PKORPUS VERTEBRA TASLAĞI KARIŞIK SİNİR İNTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN VENTRAL FİSÜR ANTERİYÖR BOYNUZI
- 95. DORZAL GRİ MADDE ARA BOYNUZ VENTRAL DUYSAL KÖK VENTRAL KOMİSÜR SUPSTAN SİYA ALBA EPENDİM DORZAL FUNİKULUS DORZAL GRİ MADDE SPİNAL GANGLİYON DORZAL DUYSAL KÖK VENTRAL MOTOR KÖK VENTRAL GRİ MADDEKARIŞIK SİNİR
- 103. Formation of Neural Crest: An Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation
- 104. Neural Crest Cells Migrate Through the Embryo
- 105. Neuropilin 1 signaling guides neural crest cells to coordinate pathway choice with cell specification. Schwarz Q, Maden CH, Vieira JM, Ruhrberg C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19325129 | PMCID: PMC2661313 | PNAS Link Neuropilin 1 signaling guides neural crest cells to coordinate pathway choice with cell specification. Schwarz Q, Maden CH, Vieira JM, Ruhrberg C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print
- 122. 1-Ektomezenkim a)Başın dermisi b)Yumuşak meninksler c)branşiyal yay iskelet ve kasları 2-Spinal,sempatik ve parasempatik gangliyonlar ile suprarenel medudüller hücreler 3-Periferal sinir lifi myelinini yapan Schwann hücreleri 4-Deri melanositleri
- 125. VENTRAL KÖK MOTOR NÖRON 1-NÜKLEUS ŞİŞME ÖKRATİN BİRİKİMİ 2-NİSSL MADDESİ -ENZİMLER 3-NÖROFİBRİLLERİN BELİRMESİ 4-FONKSİYONEL AKTİVİTE GELİŞİMİ BAZAL PLAK
- 128. SPİNAL GANGLİYON/ PSÖDOÜNİPOLAR NÖRON
- 139. MS nin ZAHİRİ YÜKSELİŞİ(ASENSÜS)
- 142. MS ZAHİRİ ASENSUSU 7 HAFTALIK 6 AYLIK YENİ DOĞAN ERİŞKİN
- 143. BÜTÜN OMURLARA UYAN MS KAVDA EKÜİNA L I KONUS ERİŞKİNDE MS VE SİNİR ÇIKIŞLARI KAUDA EKÜİNA
- 144. MS GELİŞİM HATALARI 1-ARKUS VERTEBRA KAYNAŞMA HATASI (SPİNA BİFİDA) 2-NÖRAL BORU KAPANMAMA HATALARI( MYELOŞİSİS)
- 145. SPİNA BİFİDA OKKÜLTA TEK OMUR ARKUSLARI ARKUS VERTEBRA CORPUS VERTEBRA KAYNAŞMAMIŞ
- 147. DERMAL SİNÜS KAVDAL NÖROPOR KAPANMA NOKTASI
- 148. SPİNA BİFİDA SİSTİKA B A A-MENİNGOSEL A B B-MENİNGO MYELOSEL
- 150. SPİNA BİFİDA SİSTİKA
- 154. NÖRAL KANAL KAPANMAMA KÖTÜ GELİŞİMİ (NTD) Mustafa Taşyürekli
- 155. NÖRAL KANAL KAPANMAMA KÖTÜ GELİŞİMİ (NTD) AÇIK NÖRAL BORU SOMİT
- 156. KISMİ RAŞİŞİSİZ (MYELOŞİSİZ )
- 159. RAŞİŞİSİZ
- 160. MYELOŞİSİZ RAŞİŞİSİZ
- 162. RAŞİŞİSİZ