The document discusses the development of the nervous system. It describes how the neural tube forms from the ectoderm during the third week of development. The neural plate forms and folds in to become the neural groove and neural tube. By the 25th day, the cranial neuropore closes and the caudal neuropore closes by the 27th day. Neural crest cells separate out and begin migrating. The neural tube thickens and folds to form the three primary brain vesicles - prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. Neurogenesis then occurs as new layers of nerve cells form in the brain and spinal cord.
Hücre-hücre veya hücre-ekstrasellüler matris arasındaki etkileşimden sorumlu olan hücre yüzeyi proteinleri olan "Hücre Adhezyon Molekülleri" hakkında sunum.
Hücre-hücre veya hücre-ekstrasellüler matris arasındaki etkileşimden sorumlu olan hücre yüzeyi proteinleri olan "Hücre Adhezyon Molekülleri" hakkında sunum.
The presentation illustrates the function of the pseudocapsula, starting with the review of 2009 until its major recent discoveries. A long history started 8 years ago and continues to progress.
PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELLSANKUR SHARMA
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells and have capacity to differentiate into all type of cells arising from 3 different germ layers i.e., ecto-, meso- and endoderm. In this presentation brief information is given about different methods for production of embryonic stem cells and their maintenance
osteology of head and neck and its applied aspectsSwetha Srivani
knowing the correct anatomy and applied aspect of osteology helps in accurate diagnosis.this ppt provides insight into different bones of head and neck and their applied aspects through images.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
24. Nöral kabartılar
ileri servikal
(boyun)
kısmında başlar,
rostral (burun)
ve
kavdal(kuyruk)
yönlerine doğru
ilerler.
16 Days 20 Days 22 Days
3 vesicle
stage, Week 4
5 vesicle stage,
Week
5 vesicle
stage, Week 6
24 Days
29. 29
MYELİNİZASYON
• MS TRAKTUSLARINDA 4.AYDA
BAŞLAR,9.AYDA TAMAMLANIR
• ANA MOTOR YOLLAR 2 YAŞINDA
TAMAMLANIR
• SEREBELLUM VE SEREBRUMDA İSE
BLÜĞ ÇAĞINDA TAMAMLANIR.
30. • NÖRAL BORUNUN ÇOK KATLI EPİTELE
FARKLILAŞMASI
-NÖROEPİTEL HÜCRELERİ KÖK HÜCRELERİDİR
-NÖROEPİTEL HÜCRELERİ BÖLÜNEREK NÖROBLAST VE
GLİYOBLASTLARA FARKLILAŞIR
• -NÖROBLASTLAR VE GLİYOBLASTLAR PİYAMATERİN
ÜSTÜNDEKİ BAZAL LAMİNAYA DOĞRU RADİYER OLARAK
GÖÇ EDERER VE ÇOK KAYLI EPİTEL ÖZELLİĞİ ORTAYA
ÇIKAR KALINLIĞI BÖLGESEL HÜCRE BİRİKİMLERİ İLE
FARKLIDIR
- EPENDİMAL HÜCRELER EPİTELOİD HÜCRELERDİR KOROİD
PLEKSÜSÜSNÜ YAPARAK SSS YI SALGILAR
43. AVE
HİPOBLAST
EPİBLAST
Hex
BLASTOKİST
Hex
Kalp
alanı
V
P A
Ensefalon
alanı
Hex
Hex
Mrg1
Hesx1
A
ANTEROPOSTERİYÖR ASİMETRİ
VİTELLÜS
KESESİ
AMNİYON
KESESİ
P
AVE
AVE
Mrg1
Hesx1
D
PAX
3-7
BMP
4-7
44. AVE
MS
VE 1 ANTİJENİ
Otx2
Lim 1
Goosecoid
Hex
Serebrus
ilişkili 1
ENSEF
47. FİBROBLAST BÜYÜME FAKTÖRÜ (FGF)
HEDGEHOG PROTEİNLERİ SONİC HEDGEHOG(SHH)
Wnt ailesi salgılanmış glikoproteinler
Dönüştürücü büyüme faktörü beta(TGFb) süper ailesi
Aktivin,kemik biçimlendirici protein(BMP),VG1
AİLESİ ,Nodal
48. Nerve Pathways are Precisely Defined
Figure Shows nerve pathways in left & right chick limbs
Near perfect mirror-image symmetry
Thus, neurons follow precisely defined paths
50. BAŞIN GELİŞİMİNE
ARACILIK EDEN GENLER
NÖROEKTO
DERM
KORDA
MEZODERM
EPİTELYAL
EKTODERM
EKTODERM
İLKEL ÇİZGİ
NÖRAL
PLAK
İLERİ
BEYİN
51. MSS
İNDÜKTÖRLERİ
A) NOTOKORDA
VE
PARAKORDAL
MEZENKİM
B)PROKORDAL
(PREKORDAL)
PLAK-MEZENKİM
PROKORDAL
PLAK
NOTOKORDA
52. Inhibition of either F-Actin or microtubules inhibits neurulation
F-Actin acts like purse strings to pull apex of cell
Microtubules elongate cell to give it polarity for movement
Induction of Neural Tissue by Chordamesoderm
During gastrulation special region of mesoderm underlies overlying
ectoderm
Chordamesoderm is future notochord
Signals emitted by chordamesoderm have not been identified
53. The Primary Germ Layers
The following diagram shows the general arrangement of tissues in a
cross-section of the human embryo after gastrulation. During
gastrulation the chordamesoderm projected through the primitive node
by convergent extension as the notochordal process. After gastrulation,
three germ layers are evident: Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. After
forming, the notochordal process then embedded within the endoderm as
shown in the following figure. As neurulation progresses, the
chordamesoderm will again separate out as the presumptive notochord.
54. Notochord Formation
At this point the presumptive notochordal tissue will separate from the
endoderm and re-organize as the notochord below the neural ectoderm as
the neural ectoderm begins folding to form the neural tube.
Folding of the neural ectoderm results in the neural tube
The neural tube is the precursor of the brain & spinal cord
55. Bottle Cells
Bottle cells appear at time of neurulation
Change in shape of epithelial to bottle cell is one of driving forces for
event
Cytoskeletal changes lead to bottle cell shape
Microfilaments (F-actin) at apex
Microtubules down long axis of cell
57. BMPs
SHH s
s
s
F s
N
N
BMPs
F
N
BMPs
BMP NÖRAL OLUK VENTRALİZASYONU
SHH BAZAL VE TABAN PLAKLARI
58. NÖRAL BORU ALAR—BAZAL
PLAKLAR PAX 3,7
PAX 3,7
PAX 3,7
S
PAX 6
N N
PAX 3,7
S
S
S
N
F
F
PAX 6
BMP
PAX 3,7
PAX 6
SHH
ALAR
BAZAL
MSX 1.2
59. P M MS
T----TELENSEFALON
D---DİENSEFALON
M---MEZENSEFALON
ROMBENSEFALON
Rombomerler
NOTOKORDA
60. Late Neurula
Neural Tube: One layer of cells surrounding a lumen & covered by
external limiting membrane
Neural Crest have separated out--begun to migrate
Neural Tube thickens & folds to form brain
New layers of nerve cells will appear in brain & spinal cord
(neurogenesis)
61. Formation of Neural Crest: An Epithelial-Mesenchymal
Transformation
Because they play such an important part in embryonic development and
because they contribute so many different cell types to the developing
embryo, the neural crest is considered by some to be the fourth germ
layer. The neural crest cells are interesting because they will form many
critical cell & tissue types and certain cancers and other problems are
associated with them. While little is known about the migration of neural
crest in humans, the situation has been well studied in frogs, birds and
more recently in mammals.
Prior to their departure
from the neural tube neural
crest cells exist as part of
an epithelium. First they
must digest the
extracellular basal lamina
(shown in grey), a process
that involve matrix
metallo-proteinases
(MMPs). After leaving
they have taken on a
62. “Fig. 1. Development of βgal expression in dorsal regions of WlacZ/+
embryos. (A) Low-power view through the trunk section of an E9.5
embryo. (B) High-power view reveals faint βgal+ cells (arrow) within
the dorsal midline at E9.5. (C) Low-power view through the trunk at the
level of the forelimb of an E10.5 embryo. (D) High-power view of the
dorsal midline reveals strong βgal+ cells (filled arrow) on the dorsal
midline of the NT. (E) High-power view of the ectoderm reveals strong
βgal+ cells (filled arrows). There are also βgal+ cells in ventrolateral
regions of the NT and surrounding it (open arrows in C and E). ect,
ectoderm. Scale bars: 250 μm in A,C; 50 μm in B,D,E.)”
80. ÇOK SIRALI
EPİTEL .
(nöroepitel
1
Mustafa
Taşyürekli
ENSEFAL MS
ON
VENTRİKÜLMERKEZİ
KANAL
NÖRAL
KANAL
ÇOK KATLI
EPİTEL(sinir
dokusu)
DİKEY
MİTOZ
NÖROBLASTİK
MİTOZ DALGASI GLİYAL
MİTOZ
DALGASI EPENDİMAL M
2
3
4
Ç.S E
MİTOZ
DALGASI
PİYAMATER
81. NÖRAL KANAL
AKMADDE
BOZ MADDE
KANALİS SENTRALİS
ÇOK SIRALI
NÖROEPİTELYUM
ÇOK KATLI
NÖROEPİTELYUM
BAZAL
LAMİNA
Ependimal epiteloid
BAZAL
LAMİNA
107. KRİSTA NÖRALİSİN GÖÇÜ:EMT
EMBRİYONİK GELİŞİMDE OLDUKÇA ÖNEMLİ OLAN VE BİRÇOK FARKLI HÜCRE
TİPİNİ VERMESİ AÇISINDAN KRİSTA NÖRALİS DÖRDÜNCÜ GERM TABAKASI
OLARAK NİTELENDİRİLEBİLİR. KRİTİK HÜCRE VE DOKULARI VERMESİ
AÇISINDAN VE BAZI KANSER TÜRLERİ VE DİĞER PROBLEMLERE YOL AÇAR.
MEMELİDE ĞÖÇ EPİTELİYOMEZENKİMAL DÖNÜŞÜMLE SERBEST MEZENKİMAL
HÜCRELERE DÖNÜŞEREK HAREKET VE GÖÇ YETENEĞİ KAZANIR.
ÖNCE HÜCRE DIŞI BAZAL LAMİNAYI SİNDİREREK ALTTAKİ MEZENKİMLE
TEMASA GEÇER.SİNDİRMEDE MATRİKS METALOPROTEİNAZLARIDA İŞE KARIŞIR.
(MMPs).BÖYLECE MEZENKİMAL HÜCRELERE DÖNÜŞÜR.
Gövde bölgesinde krista
nöralis göçü
Nöral plak
Nöral plak
Epitelyal ektoderm
krista nöralis
krista nöralis
Bazal
lamina
111. Neuropilin 1 signaling guides neural crest cells to coordinate pathway choice with cell specification. Schwarz Q, Maden CH, Vieira JM, Ruhrberg C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2009 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19325129 | PMCID: PMC2661313 | PNAS Link
Neuropilin 1 signaling guides
neural crest cells to coordinate
pathway choice with cell
specification. Schwarz Q, Maden
CH, Vieira JM, Ruhrberg C. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 26.
[Epub ahead of print
112.
113. ALAR
PLAK
BAZAL
PLAK
EPENDİMA
DORZAL
KÖK
SPİNAL
GANGLİY
ON
VENTRAL
KÖK
TAVAN PLAĞI
TABAN PLAĞI
129. 1-Ektomezenkim
a)Başın dermisi
b)Yumuşak meninksler
c)branşiyal yay iskelet ve kasları
2-Spinal,sempatik ve parasempatik
gangliyonlar ile suprarenel medudüller
hücreler
3-Periferal sinir lifi myelinini
yapan Schwann hücreleri
4-Deri melanositleri
130.
131.
132. BAZAL
PLAK
VENTRAL KÖK MOTOR NÖRON 1-NÜKLEUS ŞİŞME ÖKRATİN BİRİKİMİ
2-NİSSL MADDESİ -ENZİMLER
3-NÖROFİBRİLLERİN BELİRMESİ
4-FONKSİYONEL AKTİVİTE GELİŞİMİ