This paper involves design and simulation of a step up dc/dc converter topology connected with the chopper circuit
intended for resistive and inductive load. The topology contains voltage fed qzsi Z Source Inverter (qzsi), a high
frequency isolation transformer with reduced turn’s ratio, a Voltage Doubler Rectifier (VDR). A carrier based PulseWidth
Modulation (PWM) which employs shoot through state strategy for qzsi is implemented which gives significantly
high voltage gain compared to traditional PWM techniques. To improve the power density of converter, three phase aclink
and three-phase VDR is implemented. The designed step up dc/dc converter is tested for various kinds of resistive
and inductive load in MATLAB/SIMULIKN platform.
Quasi-z-source inverter for photovoltaic power generation systemsijiert bestjournal
The Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has been reported suitable for res idential PV system because of the capability of voltage boost and inversion in a single stage. Recently,four new topol ogies,the quasi-Z-Source Inverters (qZSI),have been derived from the original ZSI. This project ana lyzes one voltage fed topology of these four in detail and applies it to PV power generation systems. By using the new quasi-Z-Source topology,the inverter draws a constant current from the PV array and is capabl e of handling a wide input voltage range. It also features lower component ratings and reduced source stress compared to the traditional ZSI. A prototype which provides three phase 50-Hz,230Vrms ac has been built in laboratory . It is demonstrated from the theoretical analysis and MATLAB/SIMULATION results that t he proposed qZSI can realize voltage buck or boost and dc-ac inversion in a single stage with high reliability and efficiency,which makes it well suited for PV power systems.
An Improved the High Voltage Boost Inversion Ability of Switched Inductor Qua...IJSRD
This paper presents an improved the high voltage boost inversion ability of switched inductor quasi ZSI by using Boost PWM technique. This presents a comparative analysis of Boost Inversion Ability of Switched Inductor Quasi z-source inverter (SL-QZSI) with conventional z-source Inverter (ZSI). In comparison to conventional ZSI for the same value of voltages in the input and output the proposed SL-QZSI provides the less count on passive component a dc-source with common ground less voltage across the capacitors it gives the continuous input current current shoot through is reduced and also the current stress across the inductor and diodes are reduced. This thesis presents the operating principle boost inversion ability analysis simulation results and comparison of conventional ZSI with SLQZSI The simulation results confirmed the ability of high step up inversion by this proposed SL-QZSI. An extended switched inductor quasi z-source inverter (ESL-QZSI) with high boost voltage inversion ability is presented which combines the SL-QZSI with the traditional boost converter as well as improves the switched-inductor cell. Compared with the classic SL-QZSI topologies the proposed topology reduces the voltage stresses of capacitors power devices and diodes for the same input. The operation principle of the proposed topology is analyzed in detail. In addition, the performance of the proposed topology is verified by simulations and experiments.
Comparative Analysis of Various Z-source Based Five Level Cascaded H-bridge M...journalBEEI
Z-source based multilevel inverters are the recent topologies as they have boosting ability and near sinusoidal output waveforms. This paper proposes different inverter topologies such as Z-source multilevel inverter and quasi Z-source multilevel inverter. This paper also deals with switched inductor and improved switched inductor topologies with quasi Z-network. The proposed switched inductor system reduces the voltage stresses caused by capacitors, power devices and diodes. In addition to multilevel inverter advantages, the proposed configuration employs Z-source inverter advantages. The Z-source inverter as compared to the traditional inverter is less costly, less complex, more efficient and more reliable. The performance of the proposed configurations is analysed by varying passive elements in impedance network and is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Phase disposition (PD) pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is applied on the proposed configurations and performance parameters are measured by the fast Fourier transform FFT analysis. The object of this paper is to develop an inverter which is used for variable speed drives with increase in output voltage by eliminating transformer and filter circuit. The performance is checked with standared parameter of the inverter.
This paper proposes maximum boost control for 7-level z-source cascaded h-bridge inverter and their affiliation between voltage boost gain and modulation index. Z-source network avoids the usage of external dc-dc boost converter and improves output voltage with minimised harmonic content. Z-source network utilises distinctive LC impedance combination with 7-level cascaded inverter and it conquers the conventional voltage source inverter. The maximum boost controller furnishes voltage boost and maintain constant voltage stress across power switches, which provides better output voltage with variation of duty cycles. Single phase 7-level z-source cascaded inverter simulated using matlab/simulink.
Design and Control of Switched-Inductor Quasi-Z-Source Inverter for Photovolt...irjes
The conventional Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) used for photovoltaic applications has certain
shortcomings such as high stress across the passive components and low boost factor. This paper presents the
design and analysis of three phase switched inductor quasi Z-source inverter (SL-QZSI) for photovoltaic (PV)
applications. The wide voltage gain and the compensation for dead time effect of SL-QZSI with the help of
shoot-through states makes it suitable for PV application. Modulation strategies such as Simple boost,
Maximum boost and Constant maximum boost control methods are investigated for the operation and control
of SL-QZSI. PV source is modeled in MATLAB and incremental & conductance MPPT algorithm is
implemented .Simulation of the SL-QZSI circuit powered by PV source is carried out by implementing
maximum boost control method and the performance parameters are discussed.
Quasi-z-source inverter for photovoltaic power generation systemsijiert bestjournal
The Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has been reported suitable for res idential PV system because of the capability of voltage boost and inversion in a single stage. Recently,four new topol ogies,the quasi-Z-Source Inverters (qZSI),have been derived from the original ZSI. This project ana lyzes one voltage fed topology of these four in detail and applies it to PV power generation systems. By using the new quasi-Z-Source topology,the inverter draws a constant current from the PV array and is capabl e of handling a wide input voltage range. It also features lower component ratings and reduced source stress compared to the traditional ZSI. A prototype which provides three phase 50-Hz,230Vrms ac has been built in laboratory . It is demonstrated from the theoretical analysis and MATLAB/SIMULATION results that t he proposed qZSI can realize voltage buck or boost and dc-ac inversion in a single stage with high reliability and efficiency,which makes it well suited for PV power systems.
An Improved the High Voltage Boost Inversion Ability of Switched Inductor Qua...IJSRD
This paper presents an improved the high voltage boost inversion ability of switched inductor quasi ZSI by using Boost PWM technique. This presents a comparative analysis of Boost Inversion Ability of Switched Inductor Quasi z-source inverter (SL-QZSI) with conventional z-source Inverter (ZSI). In comparison to conventional ZSI for the same value of voltages in the input and output the proposed SL-QZSI provides the less count on passive component a dc-source with common ground less voltage across the capacitors it gives the continuous input current current shoot through is reduced and also the current stress across the inductor and diodes are reduced. This thesis presents the operating principle boost inversion ability analysis simulation results and comparison of conventional ZSI with SLQZSI The simulation results confirmed the ability of high step up inversion by this proposed SL-QZSI. An extended switched inductor quasi z-source inverter (ESL-QZSI) with high boost voltage inversion ability is presented which combines the SL-QZSI with the traditional boost converter as well as improves the switched-inductor cell. Compared with the classic SL-QZSI topologies the proposed topology reduces the voltage stresses of capacitors power devices and diodes for the same input. The operation principle of the proposed topology is analyzed in detail. In addition, the performance of the proposed topology is verified by simulations and experiments.
Comparative Analysis of Various Z-source Based Five Level Cascaded H-bridge M...journalBEEI
Z-source based multilevel inverters are the recent topologies as they have boosting ability and near sinusoidal output waveforms. This paper proposes different inverter topologies such as Z-source multilevel inverter and quasi Z-source multilevel inverter. This paper also deals with switched inductor and improved switched inductor topologies with quasi Z-network. The proposed switched inductor system reduces the voltage stresses caused by capacitors, power devices and diodes. In addition to multilevel inverter advantages, the proposed configuration employs Z-source inverter advantages. The Z-source inverter as compared to the traditional inverter is less costly, less complex, more efficient and more reliable. The performance of the proposed configurations is analysed by varying passive elements in impedance network and is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Phase disposition (PD) pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is applied on the proposed configurations and performance parameters are measured by the fast Fourier transform FFT analysis. The object of this paper is to develop an inverter which is used for variable speed drives with increase in output voltage by eliminating transformer and filter circuit. The performance is checked with standared parameter of the inverter.
This paper proposes maximum boost control for 7-level z-source cascaded h-bridge inverter and their affiliation between voltage boost gain and modulation index. Z-source network avoids the usage of external dc-dc boost converter and improves output voltage with minimised harmonic content. Z-source network utilises distinctive LC impedance combination with 7-level cascaded inverter and it conquers the conventional voltage source inverter. The maximum boost controller furnishes voltage boost and maintain constant voltage stress across power switches, which provides better output voltage with variation of duty cycles. Single phase 7-level z-source cascaded inverter simulated using matlab/simulink.
Design and Control of Switched-Inductor Quasi-Z-Source Inverter for Photovolt...irjes
The conventional Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) used for photovoltaic applications has certain
shortcomings such as high stress across the passive components and low boost factor. This paper presents the
design and analysis of three phase switched inductor quasi Z-source inverter (SL-QZSI) for photovoltaic (PV)
applications. The wide voltage gain and the compensation for dead time effect of SL-QZSI with the help of
shoot-through states makes it suitable for PV application. Modulation strategies such as Simple boost,
Maximum boost and Constant maximum boost control methods are investigated for the operation and control
of SL-QZSI. PV source is modeled in MATLAB and incremental & conductance MPPT algorithm is
implemented .Simulation of the SL-QZSI circuit powered by PV source is carried out by implementing
maximum boost control method and the performance parameters are discussed.
As a consequence of sensitive, diverse and complex loads in today's distribution networks, improving power quality in distribution systems has attracted great attention. Power quality issues involve voltage sags, transient interrupts and other distortions in sinusoidal waveforms. Enormous methods have been proposed for power quality modification. One of the methods by which power quality problems might be addressed is to apply power electronic devices in the form of custom power devices. One of such devices is Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is connected in series to distribution networks. At the same time, through injection of voltage to the network it is able to control voltage amplitude and phase. It is adopted lend to compensate for voltage sags through injecting series and synchronous three phase voltage. Consisted of three single phase inverters and a DC bus, it can protect susceptible loads against various types of voltage sags as well as other disturbances in the power supply. Moreover, it is capable of generating and absorbing active and reactive power. Therefore, in this paper, different structures of DVR have been investigated and eventually proposed a new structure for DVR based on Γ-Source asymmetric inverter. With the proposed structure, severe voltage sags can be retrieved 80- 90 percent. The simulation results that obtained by using MATLAB/Simulink indicate the properly functioning of proposed structure.
A Single Phase Eleven Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Photovo...IJMER
Abstract: A Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic converter built to synthesize a desired ac voltage
from several levels of dc voltages with better harmonic spectrum. Such inverters are suitable for high voltage and high
power applications and have been an important development in recent years. This paper presents the performance of a
eleven level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter topology with multicarrier pulse width modulation technique for
photovoltaic cell. This inverter is capable of producing eleven levels of output voltage from the dc supply voltage. This
topology magnifies the fundamental output voltage with reduction in total harmonic distortion . The output is drawn near the
sine wave because of more levels. It can also be easily extended to an m-level inverter. The performance of the proposed
PWM strategy in terms of output voltage and THD is shown using MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords: Multilevel inverter, Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter, Multicarrier pulse width modulation, PV cell, Total
harmonic distortion.
This paper presents the detail circuitry modeling of single phase off-grid inverter for small standalone system applications. The entire model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform using circuitry model. This off grid inverter consists of a high frequency DC-DC step up converter cascaded with a full bridge PI control voltage source inverter using SPWM modulation with LC filter to produce sine wave output. This is a common design used in many small commercial off-grid inverter. This off-grid inverter model is capable to produce AC sinewave output voltage at 230 V 50 Hz up to 1 kW power from a 48 V DC lead acid battery source. The AC sine wave output waveform achieved a voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of less than 1 % which is almost a pure sine wave. The conversion efficiency performance of the off-grid inverter achieved more than 94 %. The performance of the model is validated by real commercial off-grid inverter. The performance validation experiment shows that the off-grid inverter Simulink model conversion efficiency and THD performance are comparable to the commercial off-grid inverter. This model contributes to assist small to medium standalone system load and battery sizing design with greater accuracy.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
New Hybrid Structure Based on Improved Switched Inductor Z-Source and Paralle...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays, more and more distributed generations and renewable energy
sources, such as wind, solar and tidal power, are connected to the public grid
by the means of power inverters. They often form microgrids before being
connected to the public grid. Due to the availability of high current power
electronic devices, it is inevitable to use several inverters in parallel for highpower
and/or low-cost applications. So, inverters should beconnected in
parallel to provide system redundancy and high reliability, which are
important for critical customers. In this paper, the modeling, designing and
stability analysis of parallel-connected three-phaseinverters are derived for
application in renewable energy systems. To enlarge voltage adjustability,
the proposed inverter employs an improved switched inductor Z-source
impedance network to couple the main circuit and the power source.
Compared with the classical Z-source inverter (ZSI) and switched inductor
Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI), the proposed inverter significantly increases the
voltage boost inversion ability and also can increase the power capacity and
the reliability of inverter systems. The proposed topology and its
performances are validated using simulation results which are obtained in
Matlab/Simulink.
Performance and Analysis of Hybrid Multilevel Inverter fed Induction Motor Drivernvsubbarao koppineni
This paper presents the Five level inverter with single DC source which is used to generate a five level output with two bridges and six switches and performance of three phase induction motor is analyzed when connected to PV array For this two identical dc sources of 50V each for two bridges in five levels using Multi level inverter and five level output is obtained by using a single DC source of 100V with six switches. A virtual DC source (charged capacitor acts as virtual DC source) is used for getting the output. The same technique is implemented for three-phase circuit i.e. by using single DC source. An asynchronous motor (three-phase) is connected as load and its performance characteristics are analyzed. And further the DC source is replaced by a renewable resource such as solar panels, fuel cell etc. and DC voltage is obtained. Performance characteristics of three-phase asynchronous motor are analyzed with PV array connected. The method can be easily extended to an m-level inverter.
IjEVOLUTION OF POWER SUPPLY AND ITS APPLICATION TO ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ...IAEME Publication
Electricity can be produced using chemical effect where the movement of ions constitutes a flow of current through the electrolyte. Electrochemical cells are used as storage cells where chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy. The most efficient and widely used method for the generation of electricity is based on the laws of Electromagnetic Induction. According to this law electromotive force is induced in a conductor whenever the conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux. The invention of the Diode Valve in 1904 and the invention of the triode valve in 1906 and their largescale production from 1920 onwards helped to manufacture electronic products and instruments. The invention of the galena-based Cat’s whisker detector in 1906 was the milestone of manufacturing crystal radio receivers. Cuprous oxide rectifier was invented in 1926 and was used for the rectification of power supply frequencies. Selenium rectifier was invented in 1933 and it was also used for the rectification of power frequencies but selenium rectifier was more efficient and was best in low-voltage, heavy current applications. Commercial manufacturing of germanium crystal diode was started in 1946. Then invention of the bipolar junction transistor in 1948 had replaced the valves because of low power, low cost, small size and long-lasting. Electrical products are generally operated from the mains power supply. But electronic products are operated by D.C supply and nowadays most of the communication devices are designed to be operated by the low-watt power supply. Scientists and researchers are developing low power, low heat dissipation, low dropout, miniature and energy harvesting efficient power supply.
Review of Reduction of Leakage Current in Cascaded Multilevel InverterIJRST Journal
Multilevel inverters are a source of high power, often used in industrial applications and can use either sine or modified sine waves. A multilevel inverter uses a series of semiconductor power converters (usually two to three) thus generating higher voltage. Reverse leakage current in a semiconductor device is the current from that semiconductor device when the device is reverse biased. In earlier method transformer is used for generating multilevel output and grid synchronization. Transformer increases the leakage current. Now transformerless method and sine modulation techniques are presented to reduce the leakage current.
TCSC AND SVC OPTIMAL LOCATION TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEM WITH...eeiej_journal
Wind generation connection to power system affects steady state and transient stability. Furthermore, this
effect increases with the increase of wind penetration in generation capacity. In this paper optimal location
of FACTS devices is carried out to solve the steady state problems of wind penetration. Two case studies
are carried out on modified IEEE39 bus system one with wind reduction to 20% and the second with wind
penetration increase by 50% in the two cases system suffer from outage of one generator with load at bus
39 decreases from 1104 MW to 900 MW.
A ZVS Interleaved Boost AC/DC Converter Using Super Capacitor Power for Hybri...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
A hybrid converter topologies which can supply simultaneously AC as well as DC from a single DC source. The new Hybrid Converter is derived from the single switch controlled Boost converter by replacing the controlled switch with voltage source inverter (VSI). This new hybrid converter has the advantages like reduced number of switches as compared with conventional design having separate converter for supplying AC and DC loads, provide DC and AC outputs with an increased reliability, resulting from the inherent shoot through protection in the inverter stage. For controlling switches PWM control, based upon unipolar Sine-PWM is described.
As a consequence of sensitive, diverse and complex loads in today's distribution networks, improving power quality in distribution systems has attracted great attention. Power quality issues involve voltage sags, transient interrupts and other distortions in sinusoidal waveforms. Enormous methods have been proposed for power quality modification. One of the methods by which power quality problems might be addressed is to apply power electronic devices in the form of custom power devices. One of such devices is Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is connected in series to distribution networks. At the same time, through injection of voltage to the network it is able to control voltage amplitude and phase. It is adopted lend to compensate for voltage sags through injecting series and synchronous three phase voltage. Consisted of three single phase inverters and a DC bus, it can protect susceptible loads against various types of voltage sags as well as other disturbances in the power supply. Moreover, it is capable of generating and absorbing active and reactive power. Therefore, in this paper, different structures of DVR have been investigated and eventually proposed a new structure for DVR based on Γ-Source asymmetric inverter. With the proposed structure, severe voltage sags can be retrieved 80- 90 percent. The simulation results that obtained by using MATLAB/Simulink indicate the properly functioning of proposed structure.
A Single Phase Eleven Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Photovo...IJMER
Abstract: A Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic converter built to synthesize a desired ac voltage
from several levels of dc voltages with better harmonic spectrum. Such inverters are suitable for high voltage and high
power applications and have been an important development in recent years. This paper presents the performance of a
eleven level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter topology with multicarrier pulse width modulation technique for
photovoltaic cell. This inverter is capable of producing eleven levels of output voltage from the dc supply voltage. This
topology magnifies the fundamental output voltage with reduction in total harmonic distortion . The output is drawn near the
sine wave because of more levels. It can also be easily extended to an m-level inverter. The performance of the proposed
PWM strategy in terms of output voltage and THD is shown using MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords: Multilevel inverter, Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter, Multicarrier pulse width modulation, PV cell, Total
harmonic distortion.
This paper presents the detail circuitry modeling of single phase off-grid inverter for small standalone system applications. The entire model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform using circuitry model. This off grid inverter consists of a high frequency DC-DC step up converter cascaded with a full bridge PI control voltage source inverter using SPWM modulation with LC filter to produce sine wave output. This is a common design used in many small commercial off-grid inverter. This off-grid inverter model is capable to produce AC sinewave output voltage at 230 V 50 Hz up to 1 kW power from a 48 V DC lead acid battery source. The AC sine wave output waveform achieved a voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of less than 1 % which is almost a pure sine wave. The conversion efficiency performance of the off-grid inverter achieved more than 94 %. The performance of the model is validated by real commercial off-grid inverter. The performance validation experiment shows that the off-grid inverter Simulink model conversion efficiency and THD performance are comparable to the commercial off-grid inverter. This model contributes to assist small to medium standalone system load and battery sizing design with greater accuracy.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
New Hybrid Structure Based on Improved Switched Inductor Z-Source and Paralle...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays, more and more distributed generations and renewable energy
sources, such as wind, solar and tidal power, are connected to the public grid
by the means of power inverters. They often form microgrids before being
connected to the public grid. Due to the availability of high current power
electronic devices, it is inevitable to use several inverters in parallel for highpower
and/or low-cost applications. So, inverters should beconnected in
parallel to provide system redundancy and high reliability, which are
important for critical customers. In this paper, the modeling, designing and
stability analysis of parallel-connected three-phaseinverters are derived for
application in renewable energy systems. To enlarge voltage adjustability,
the proposed inverter employs an improved switched inductor Z-source
impedance network to couple the main circuit and the power source.
Compared with the classical Z-source inverter (ZSI) and switched inductor
Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI), the proposed inverter significantly increases the
voltage boost inversion ability and also can increase the power capacity and
the reliability of inverter systems. The proposed topology and its
performances are validated using simulation results which are obtained in
Matlab/Simulink.
Performance and Analysis of Hybrid Multilevel Inverter fed Induction Motor Drivernvsubbarao koppineni
This paper presents the Five level inverter with single DC source which is used to generate a five level output with two bridges and six switches and performance of three phase induction motor is analyzed when connected to PV array For this two identical dc sources of 50V each for two bridges in five levels using Multi level inverter and five level output is obtained by using a single DC source of 100V with six switches. A virtual DC source (charged capacitor acts as virtual DC source) is used for getting the output. The same technique is implemented for three-phase circuit i.e. by using single DC source. An asynchronous motor (three-phase) is connected as load and its performance characteristics are analyzed. And further the DC source is replaced by a renewable resource such as solar panels, fuel cell etc. and DC voltage is obtained. Performance characteristics of three-phase asynchronous motor are analyzed with PV array connected. The method can be easily extended to an m-level inverter.
IjEVOLUTION OF POWER SUPPLY AND ITS APPLICATION TO ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ...IAEME Publication
Electricity can be produced using chemical effect where the movement of ions constitutes a flow of current through the electrolyte. Electrochemical cells are used as storage cells where chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy. The most efficient and widely used method for the generation of electricity is based on the laws of Electromagnetic Induction. According to this law electromotive force is induced in a conductor whenever the conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux. The invention of the Diode Valve in 1904 and the invention of the triode valve in 1906 and their largescale production from 1920 onwards helped to manufacture electronic products and instruments. The invention of the galena-based Cat’s whisker detector in 1906 was the milestone of manufacturing crystal radio receivers. Cuprous oxide rectifier was invented in 1926 and was used for the rectification of power supply frequencies. Selenium rectifier was invented in 1933 and it was also used for the rectification of power frequencies but selenium rectifier was more efficient and was best in low-voltage, heavy current applications. Commercial manufacturing of germanium crystal diode was started in 1946. Then invention of the bipolar junction transistor in 1948 had replaced the valves because of low power, low cost, small size and long-lasting. Electrical products are generally operated from the mains power supply. But electronic products are operated by D.C supply and nowadays most of the communication devices are designed to be operated by the low-watt power supply. Scientists and researchers are developing low power, low heat dissipation, low dropout, miniature and energy harvesting efficient power supply.
Review of Reduction of Leakage Current in Cascaded Multilevel InverterIJRST Journal
Multilevel inverters are a source of high power, often used in industrial applications and can use either sine or modified sine waves. A multilevel inverter uses a series of semiconductor power converters (usually two to three) thus generating higher voltage. Reverse leakage current in a semiconductor device is the current from that semiconductor device when the device is reverse biased. In earlier method transformer is used for generating multilevel output and grid synchronization. Transformer increases the leakage current. Now transformerless method and sine modulation techniques are presented to reduce the leakage current.
TCSC AND SVC OPTIMAL LOCATION TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEM WITH...eeiej_journal
Wind generation connection to power system affects steady state and transient stability. Furthermore, this
effect increases with the increase of wind penetration in generation capacity. In this paper optimal location
of FACTS devices is carried out to solve the steady state problems of wind penetration. Two case studies
are carried out on modified IEEE39 bus system one with wind reduction to 20% and the second with wind
penetration increase by 50% in the two cases system suffer from outage of one generator with load at bus
39 decreases from 1104 MW to 900 MW.
A ZVS Interleaved Boost AC/DC Converter Using Super Capacitor Power for Hybri...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
A hybrid converter topologies which can supply simultaneously AC as well as DC from a single DC source. The new Hybrid Converter is derived from the single switch controlled Boost converter by replacing the controlled switch with voltage source inverter (VSI). This new hybrid converter has the advantages like reduced number of switches as compared with conventional design having separate converter for supplying AC and DC loads, provide DC and AC outputs with an increased reliability, resulting from the inherent shoot through protection in the inverter stage. For controlling switches PWM control, based upon unipolar Sine-PWM is described.
PV Based Load Resonant for Boost Converter by Using Quasi Z-Source NetworkIJMTST Journal
In this paper a novel resonant dc-dc converter utilizing fell semi Z-source system is displayed. Diverse routine converters like arrangement thunderous converter and LLC resonant converters experiences extensive variety of info voltage and load varieties since exchanging recurrence was shifted. The proposed Z-source dc-dc converter can limit changing recurrence range to lead high converter productivity. The fell QZS system is gotten from conventional semi Z source inverter by including one diode, one inductor, and two capacitor to it. The fell QZSI works as venture up converter in typical mode i.e. yield voltage is expanded three circumstances than information voltage and for lift mode yield voltage is expanded ten circumstances input voltage. At the point when contrasted and customary QZSI proposed arrangement lessens shoot through obligation cycle by more than 30% at same voltage support figure. Two phase QZSI in shoot through and non-shoot through modes are portrayed hypothetically. This proposed framework is dependability is incredibly made strides. Its exhibitions are confirmed utilizing MATLAB\SIMULINK instrument to check hypothetical presumptions and equipment is actualized by utilizing sunlight based vitality as info.
Z-Source Inverter Fed Asynchronous Motor Driveijtsrd
In this project, an impedance source power converter or impedance fed power converter and its control method are presented to implement DC to DC, AC to DC, AC power conversion. The Z source inverter uses a single impedance network or a single impedance circuit to couple the main circuit of the converter to the power source, using respectively a capacitor and an inductor in the voltage source and the converter. of current source. Implementation of the crossing zero state as a switching state in a switching cycle of the inverter in which the output voltage is zero, because the output terminals are short circuited by both the switching over and through the lower switching device, thanks to which the Z source conceptual inverter and the theoretical barriers and limitations of the conventional inverter and inverter. By controlling the duty cycle ie, by increasing the initial state of the duty cycle , the state in which two switches of one branch or four switches of two branches or six switches of all branches are activated simultaneously, which allows to generate a renewed state signal, called zero crossing state, which increasingly charges the capacitor, thus improving the performance of the source inverter Z.This project also highlights the ASD system powered by a Z Source inverter and proposes a new concept of power conversion. The control for general purpose motor drives by Z source inverters is also presented in detail in this project. The behavior of a three phase induction motor powered by an impedance inverter AC drive is analyzed with the results of the simulation. Anant Thakur "Z-Source Inverter Fed Asynchronous Motor Drive" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29444.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29444/z-source-inverter-fed-asynchronous-motor-drive/anant-thakur
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
A Novel Power Factor Correction Rectifier for Enhancing Power QualityIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, the disturbances in power system due to low quality of power
are discussed and a current injection method to maintain the sinusoidal input
current which will reduce the total current harmonic distortion (THD) as well
as improve the power factor nearer to unity is proposed. The proposed
method makes use of a novel controlled diode rectifier which involves the
use of bidirectional switches across the front-end rectifier and the operation
of the converter is fully analyzed. The main feature of the topology is low
cost, small size, high efficiency and simplicity, and is excellent for
retrofitting front-end rectifier of existing ac drives, UPS etc. A novel strategy
implementing reference compensation current depending on the load
harmonics and a control algorithm for three-phase three-level unity PF
rectifier which draws high quality sinusoidal supply currents and maintains
good dc link- voltage regulation under wide load variation. The proposed
technique can be applied as a retrofit to a variety of existing thyristor
converters which uses three bidirectional switches operating at low frequency
and a half-bridge inverter operating at high frequency .The total power
delivered to the load is processed by the injection network, the proposed
converter offers high efficiency and not only high power factor but also the
Total Harmonic Distortion is reduced. Theoretical analysis is verified by
digital simulation and a hardware proto type module is implemented in order
to confirm the feasibility of the proposed system. This scheme in general is
suitable for the common variable medium-to high-power level DC load
applications.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A DC Inrush Current Minimisation Method using Modified Z-Source Inverter in A...IAES-IJPEDS
The adjustable speed drives employ PWM converter-inverter system in order
to obtain unity power factor. The DC inrush current in DC link capacitors of
the rectifier limits the operation of power devices. Hence, this paper proposes
a new approach to reduce the DC inrush current by employing modified
Z-source inverter in a Adjustable Speed Drive system. The operating
principles, design procedure and simulation results are shown and compared
with the conventional Z-Source inverter.
The voltage source inverters (VSI) are ever required section in the AC motor drive and power system interface. The electrical drive segment, the VSI based drives are unavoidable and they are closely operated with induction motor, permanent magnate synchronous motor and BLDC motor. These drives are normally needed high torque-power characters. Hence, the input DC-link side voltage is increased with help of increasing input AC in the rectifier input. However, this causes the power quality disturbance in the AC main and DC-link. In order to go for a increasing the AC voltage, the rectifier out is connected with DC to DC boost converter and they are increasing the DC voltage to meet out the drive DC-link voltage demand. With this aim, the paper proposes the idea to connect high step non-isolated high gain coupled DC to DC converter with three phase VSI for drives applications. The proposed converter has an ability to increase the voltage five times and the counter winding arrangement ratio of the converter is help for the further increase of gain. Inn this interface the front end DC to DC converters inductors are charged by making the short circuit with inverter switching. The converter voltage gain is controlled by shoot through of the VSI switch (converter gain directly proportional to inverter shoot through). The proposed converter has a higher degree of freedom in their values of winding and output voltage. Hence, the DC-link voltage of the inverter can be extended in any level. The operation principle and modes of the proposed DC to DC Source tied VSI is analyzed and simulated using MATLAB-Simulink software simulation. The laboratory based small scale power circuit is developed with help of control algorithm. The entire implementation is done through PIC microcontroller platform. The deign Investigation, system simulation and experimentation confirming the proposed DC to DC converter tied VSI drive system.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
Modeling and Analysis of Transformerless High Gain Buck-boost DC-DC ConvertersIAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a transfomerless switched capacitor buck boost converter model, which provides higher voltage gain and higher efficiency when compared to the conventional buck boost converter. The averaged model based on state- space description is analyzed in the paper. The simulation results are presented to confirm the capability of the converter to generate high voltage ratios. The comparison between the proposed model and the traditional model is also provided to reveal the improvement. The proposed converter is suitable for for a wide application which requires high step-up DC-DC converters such as DC micro-grids and solar electrical energy.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
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It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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SIMULATION STUDY OF QZSI Z-SOURCE INVERTER FOR RESISTIVE AND INDUCTIVE LOAD
1. NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
ISSN: 2394-3696
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6, JUNE-2015
1 | P a g e
SIMULATION STUDY OF QZSI Z-SOURCE INVERTER FOR RESISTIVE AND
INDUCTIVE LOAD
Mr. Gundhar Chougule
ME student Dept. of Electrical Engg. GHRIET, Pune.
Dr. Asha Gaikwad
Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engg, GHRIET, Pune.
ABSTRACT
This paper involves design and simulation of a step up dc/dc converter topology connected with the chopper circuit
intended for resistive and inductive load. The topology contains voltage fed qzsi Z Source Inverter (qzsi), a high
frequency isolation transformer with reduced turn’s ratio, a Voltage Doubler Rectifier (VDR). A carrier based Pulse-
Width Modulation (PWM) which employs shoot through state strategy for qzsi is implemented which gives significantly
high voltage gain compared to traditional PWM techniques. To improve the power density of converter, three phase ac-
link and three-phase VDR is implemented. The designed step up dc/dc converter is tested for various kinds of resistive
and inductive load in MATLAB/SIMULIKN platform.
INDEX TERMS: DC to DC converter, qzsi, Shoot through state, Voltage Doubler-Rectifier, Isolation Transformer
INTRODUCTION
Literature Survey
Traditionally, power inverters can be broadly classified as either the voltage-source inverter (VSI) or current- source
inverter (CSI) type, For a VSI, the inverter is fed from a dc voltage source usually with a relatively large capacitor
connected in parallel. It is well known that the maximum ac voltage output of a VSI is limited to 1.15 times half the dc
source voltage (using modulation strategies with triplen offsets added) before being over-modulated. The VSI can
therefore only be used for buck (step-down) dc–ac power conversion or boost (step-up) ac–dc power rectification,
assuming that no additional dc–dc converter is used to buck/boost the dc link voltage. On the other hand, a CSI is fed
from a dc current source, which is usually implemented by connecting a dc source in series with a relatively large
inductor and its ac voltage output is always greater than the dc source voltage that feeds the dc-side inductor. The CSI is
therefore only suitable for boost dc–ac power conversion or buck ac–dc power rectification. For applications requiring
both buck and boost power conversions, -source inverters have recently been proposed as a possible solution with many
performance benefits summarized , where a unique impedance network is coupled between a power source and an
inverter circuit. The power source and inverter circuit can be of either the voltage-source or current source type, and the
impedance network is implemented using a split-inductor (and) and capacitors (and) connected in Z shape. This unique
impedance network allows the Z-source inverter to buck and boost its output voltage, and also provides it with unique
features that cannot be achieved with conventional VSIs and CSIs. Given its many benefits, [1] presents a detailed
analysis on the modulation of voltage-type Z-source inverters.
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Z-Source inverters are new single-stage electronic power converters with both voltage-buck and boost capabilities that
have been proposed for use in fuel cell energy conversion systems and motor drives with a front-end diode rectifier. As
an extension to Z-source inverter investigation, [2] has presented transient modeling and analysis of a VS-type Z-source
inverter to show its non-minimum-phase response caused by a dc-side and an ac-side phenomenon.
Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are being developed by auto manufacturers and have generated interest among industry,
environmentalists, and consumers. A FCV promises the air quality benefits of a battery-powered electric vehicle, with
the driving range and convenience of a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Because of its nature, a FC
prefers to be operated under constant power to prolong its lifetime and it is also more efficient in this way. However, the
traction power the vehicle demands is ever changing. To balance the difference of these two and also to handle the
regenerative energy, a battery is often used as an energy storage device in FCVs, which forms a FC-Battery Hybrid
Electric Vehicle (FCHEV). A Z-source inverter control strategy used to control power from the fuel cell, power to the
motor, and State of Charge (SOC) of the battery for fuel cell (FC)—battery hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV) in [3].
Traditional pulse width modulation inverter always requires an extra dc/dc converter to interface the battery in FCHEVs.
The Z-source inverter utilizes an exclusive Z-source network to link the main inverter circuit to the FC (or any dc power
source). By substituting one of the capacitors in the Z-source with a battery and controlling the shoot through duty ratio
and modulation index independently, one is able to control the FC power, output power, and SOC of the battery at the
same time. These facts make the Z-source inverter highly desirable for use in FCHEVs, as the cost and complexity is
greatly reduced when compared to traditional inverters.
The connection of two traditional Voltage-Source Inverters (VSIs) to form a three-level inverter has been reported for
use in either open-end-winding or dual-voltage induction motor drives. Compared with the popular Neutral-Point-
Clamped (NPC) inverter a dual inverter does not suffer from neutral-point voltage unbalance, does not require any
clamping diodes, and has more redundant states that can be used for equalizing the switching losses among the
numerous controlled switches. It therefore offers an attractive topological alternative for implementing a three-level
inverter, and a number of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) algorithms have been reported since then. As for other three-
level inverters (or VSIs in general), the dual inverter is expected to suffer from some performance limitations. First, it
generates a significantly large common-mode voltage when controlled using traditional carrier disposition or Space
Vector Modulation (SVM) schemes. This generated common-mode voltage is known to cause premature motor bearing
failure in variable-speed ac drives, and its induced leakage current to ground can cause electromagnetic interference and
false tripping of ground current protection relays. The design of a dual Z-source inverter that can be used with either a
single dc source or two isolated dc sources is presented in [4].
The traditional Z-source inverter topology shows the following drawbacks: 1) the voltage across Z-source capacitors is
no less than input voltage, thus high-voltage capacitors should be used, which may result in larger volume and prove to
be cost expensive to the system; 2) it cannot suppress the inrush current and the resonance introduced by Z-source
capacitors and inductors at startup, thus causing the voltage and current surge, which, in turn, may destroy the devices.
To solve the a foresaid drawbacks in traditional Z-source inverter, a new Z-source inverter topology is presented with
reduced Z-source capacitor voltage stress and inherent inrush current limitation at startup. It can suppress the resonance
well by adopting a proper soft-start strategy. A soft-start strategy is proposed in [5] to suppress the inrush surge and the
resonance of Z-source capacitors and inductors.
High-performance voltage- and current-source inverters (VSI and CSI) are widely required in various industrial
applications. However, the traditional VSI and CSI have been seriously restricted due to their narrow obtainable output
voltage range, shoot-through problems caused by misgating and some other theoretical difficulties due to their bridge-
type structures. In 2002, the topology of the Z-source inverter was proposed to overcome the problems in the traditional
inverters in which the functions of the traditional dc–dc boost converter and the bridge-type inverter have been
successfully combined. As a research hotspot in power electronics, the Z-source topology has been greatly explored
from various aspects, but the related research on its improvement techniques of boost inversion ability and impedance
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network are seldom reported in open literatures. On the basis of the classical Z-source inverter, [6] presents a developed
impedance-type power inverter that is termed the switched inductor (SL) Z-source inverter. To enlarge voltage
adjustability, the proposed inverter employs a unique SL impedance network to couple the main circuit and the power
source. Compared with the classical Z-source inverter, the proposed inverter increases the voltage boost inversion ability
significantly. Only a very short shoot-through zero state is required to obtain high voltage conversion ratios, which is
beneficial for improving the output power quality of the main circuit. In addition, the voltage buck inversion ability is
also provided in the proposed inverter for those applications that need low ac voltages.
Traditional voltage-source inverters (VSIs) and current-source inverters (CSIs) have similar limitations and problems.
For VSIs: 1) the obtainable ac output voltage cannot exceed the dc source voltage. So a dc–dc boost converter is needed
in the applications, for instance, with limited available dc voltage or with the demand of higher output voltage. 2) Dead
time is required to prevent the shoot-through of the upper and lower switching devices of each phase leg. However, it
induces waveform distortion. For CSIs: 1) their output voltage cannot be lower than the dc input voltage; and. 2) overlap
time between phase legs is required to avoid the open circuit of all the upper switching devices or all the lower devices.
The Z-source inverter (ZSI), as well as the derived quasi-Z-source inverters (qzsi), can overcome the aforementioned
problems.. The voltage-fed Z-source inverter can have theoretically infinite voltage boost gain. A class of trans-Z-source
inverters has been presented in [7] for voltage-fed and current-fed dc–ac inversion systems. When the turns ratio of the
two windings is over 1, the voltage-fed trans- Z-source inverter can obtain a higher boost gain with the same shoot-
through duty ratio and modulation index, compared with the original Z-source inverter; the current-fed trans-Z-source
inverter can extend the motoring operation range to more than that can be achieved in the original Z-source and quasi-Z-
source inverters. In this paper the output of the designed dc/dc converter is observed for various kinds of resistive and
inductive loads in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.
Inverter
Traditionally, power inverters can be broadly classified as either the voltage-source inverter (VSI) or current-source
inverter (CSI).
Half-Bridge VSI
Fig 1.1 shows the power topology of a half-bridge VSI, where two large capacitors are required to provide a neutral
point N, such that each capacitor maintains a constant voltage (Vi)/2. Because the current harmonics injected by the
operation of the inverter are low-order harmonics, a set of large capacitors (C+ and C-) is required. It is clear that both
switches S+ and S- cannot be ON simultaneously because a short circuit across the dc link voltage source Vi would be
produced. There are two defined (states 1 and 2) and one undefined (state 3) switch states. In order to avoid the short
circuit across the dc bus and the undefined ac output voltage condition, the modulating technique should always ensure
that at any instant either the top or the bottom switch of the inverter leg is on.
Fig 1.1 Half-Bridge VSI
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Full-Bridge VSI
Fig. 1.2 shows the power topology of a full-bridge VSI. This inverter is similar to the half-bridge inverter; however, a
second leg provides the neutral point to the load. As expected, both switches S1+ and S1- (or S2+ and S2-) cannot be on
simultaneously because a short circuit across the dc link voltage source Vi would be produced. There are four defined
(states 1, 2, 3, and 4) and one undefined (state 5) switch states. The undefined condition should be avoided so as to be
always capable of defining the ac output voltage. It can be observed that the ac output voltage can take values up to the
dc link value Vi, which is twice that obtained with half-bridge VSI topologies. Several modulating techniques have been
developed that are applicable to full-bridge VSIs. Among them are the PWM (bipolar and unipolar) techniques.
Fig1.2Full-Bridge VSI
Three Phase Voltage Source Inverters
Single-phase VSIs cover low-range power applications and three-phase VSIs cover the medium- to high-power
applications. The main purpose of these topologies is to provide a three-phase voltage source, where the amplitude,
phase, and frequency of the voltages should always be controllable. Although most of the applications require sinusoidal
voltage waveforms (e.g., ASDs, UPSs, FACTS, VAR compensators), arbitrary voltages are also required in some
emerging applications (e.g., active filters, voltage compensators). The standard three-phase VSI topology is shown fig
1.3. As in single-phase VSIs, the switches of any leg of the inverter (S1 and S4, S3 and S6, or S5 and S2) cannot be
switched on simultaneously because this would result in a short circuit across the dc link voltage supply. Similarly, in
order to avoid undefined states in the VSI, and thus undefined ac output line voltages, the switches of any leg of the
inverter cannot be switched off simultaneously as this will result in voltages that will depend upon the respective line
current polarity. Of the eight valid states, two of them produce zero ac line voltages. In this case, the ac line currents
freewheel through either the upper or lower components. The remaining states produce non-zero ac output voltages. In
order to generate a given voltage waveform, the inverter moves from one state to another. Thus the resulting ac output
line voltages consist of discrete values of voltages that are Vi, 0, and -Vi for the topology. The selection of the states in
order to generate the given waveform is done by the modulating technique that should ensure the use of only the valid
states.
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Fig: 1.3Three Phase Voltage Source Inverters
Applications of Inverters
Voltage source inverters (VSI) have been widely used in uninterruptible power supplies, unified power flow controllers
or unified power quality conditioners, and distributed generation systems (DGS). VSIs are inherently efficient, compact,
and economical devices used to control power flow and provide quality supply
qzsi z- source inverter
Shoot Through State in qzsi:
The voltage-fed qzsi with continuous input current implemented at the converter input side has a unique feature: The
input voltage is boosted by utilizing extra switching state—the shoot-through state. The shoot-though state here is the
simultaneous conduction of both switches of the same phase leg of the inverter. In the traditional voltage source inverter
(VSI) this state of operation is forbidden because it causes the short circuit of the dc-link capacitors. The shoot-through
state is used to boost the magnetic energy stored in the dc-side inductor and without short-circuiting the dc
capacitors. This increase in inductive energy,in turn, provides the boost of voltage seen on the transformer primary
winding during the traditional operating states (active state) of the inverter, thus the varying input voltage is first pre-
regulated by adjusting the shoot-through duty cycle; afterward, the isolation transformer is being supplied with a voltage
of constant amplitude value. Although the control principle of the qszi is more complicated than that of a traditional VSI,
it provides a potentially cheaper, more powerful, reliable, and efficient approach to be used for varying-input-low-
powered systems.
The voltage-fed qzsi with continuous input current was first presented & modified of a currently popular voltage-
fed z-source inverter (zsi). The drawback associated with the conventional zsi is substantial—discontinuous input
current during the boost mode that could have a negative influence on the input source. The qzsi shown in Fig. 2.1
features continuous current drawn from the input as well as lower operating voltage of the capacitor , as Compared to
the qzsi topology. The operating dc voltages of the capacitors and could be estimated as
=
=
Where is the duty cycle of the shoot-through state,
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Fig.2.1Simplified power circuit diagram of the converter
=
Where the duration of the shoot-through state and T is the operating period
When the input voltage is high enough, the shoot-through states are eliminated, and the qzsi starts to operate as a
traditional VSI, thus performing only the buck function of the input voltage. Thus, the qzsi could realize both the voltage
boost and the buck functions without any additional switches using a special control algorithm only.
2.2Voltage Boost Control Method of qzsi-based Single-Phase DC/DC Converter
Fig.2.2shows the control principle of the single-phase qzsi in the shoot-through (voltage boost) operating mode. Fig
2.2(a) shows the switching pattern of the traditional single-phase VSI. These switching states are known as active states
when one and only one switch in each phase leg conducts. To generate the shoot-through states, two reference signals
(UpandUn) were introduced [Fig. 2.2(b)].
If the triangle waveform is greater than Up or lower than Un, the inverter switches turn into the shoot-through state.
During this operating mode, the current through the inverter switches reaches its maximum. Depending on the control
algorithm, the shoot-through current could be distributed between one or both inverter legs. The dc-link voltage and the
primary winding voltage waveforms of the isolation transformer during shoot-through are shown in Fig2.2(c), (d)
respectively.
Fig2.2operating principle and resulting voltages of the single-phase Qzsi in the shoot-through (Voltage boost) mode
According to the presented control methodology, the shoot-through states are created during the zero states of the full-
bridge inverter, where the primary winding of the isolation transformer is shorted through either the top (T1 andT3) or
bottom (T2 andT4) inverter switches. To provide a sufficient regulation margin, the zero-state time should always
exceed the maximum duration of the shoot-through state ts , max per one switching period
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> max
Thus, each operating period of the qzsi during the shoot-through always consists of an active state , shoot-through
state , and zero state
T = + +
Equation could be represented as
= + + = 1
Where is the duty cycle of an active state, is the duty cycle of a shoot-through state, and
is the duty cycle of a zero state. It should be noted that the duty cycle of the shoot-through state must never exceed
0.5. It should be noted here that, in the presented control scheme, the shoot-through time interval is evenly split into two
intervals of half the duration. In that case, the operating frequency of the qszi network will be two times higher, and the
resulting switching frequency of the power transistors will be up to three times higher than the fundamental harmonic
frequency of the isolation transformer. That fact is very relevant for proper component and operating frequency
selection. In the operating points, when the input voltage is high enough, the shoot-through states are eliminated, and
the qzsi operates as a traditional VSI. Thus, the qzsi discussed could provide both the voltage boost and buck functions
by the single-stage energy conversion.
2.3. Applications of Quasi z source inverter:
The proposed qzsi based dc/dc converter for dc motor drives with a high frequency step up transformer & a VDR could
be positioned as a new alternative for the front end dc/dc converter for residential power system. The proposed converter
could be extended to photovoltaic & regenerative Fuel cell application as well as to
1. Traction system,
2. Mobile equipment such as golf carts & mining application
3. For dc drives application
4. Telecommunication
5 Aerospace fields
6 Isolated distribution systems
PROPOSED DC/DC CONVERTER
Block diagram:
Fig : block diagram of model
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The block diagram in fig 3.1 shows the conversation of low dc voltage to high dc voltage, the low dc voltage (40-80
volt) from fuel cell is applied to auxiliary boost converter which boost the low dc voltage and reduce the current. Due to
the reduction in the current, the loss in the converter switches is reduced. The output of the auxiliary boost converter is
applied to high frequency duty ratio voltage source inverter (VSI). The PWM fed VSI convert the dc voltage into ac
voltage. The output of VSI is connected to high frequency step isolation transformer. The output of the isolation
transformer is applied to rectifier and filter circuit. The rectifier circuit converter the ac voltage into dc voltage, which is
further applied to voltage doubler circuit and the output is 600 volt. The function of each block is explained in detail
below.
Auxiliary boost converter:
Auxiliary boost converter steps-up the varying FC voltage to a certain constant voltage level (80–100 Vdc). This voltage
is then applied to the input terminals of High frequency duty ratio controlled voltage source inverter. A Boost converter
is a switch mode DC to DC converter in which the output voltage is greater than the input voltage. It is also called as
step up converter. The name step up converter comes from the fact that analogous to step up transformer the input
voltage is stepped up to a level greater than the input voltage. By law of conservation of energy the input power has to
be equal to output power.
High frequency duty ratio controlled voltage source inverter:
An inverter is basically a device that converts electrical energy of DC form into that of AC. The DC-AC inverters
usually operate on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. The PWM is a very advance and useful technique in
which width of the Gate pulses are controlled by various mechanisms. PWM inverter is used to keep the output voltage
of the inverter at the rated voltage (depending on the user’s choice) irrespective of the output load. To nullify this effect
of the changing loads, the PWM inverter correct the output voltage by changing the width of the pulses and the output
AC output of the inverter depends on the switching frequency and pulse width which is adjusted according to the value
of the load connected at the output so as to provide constant rated output. The inverters usually operate in a pulse width
modulated (PWM) way and switch between different circuit topologies, which means that the inverter is a nonlinear,
specifically piecewise smooth system.
High frequency step up isolation transformer:
An isolation transformer is a transformer, often with symmetrical windings, which is used to decouple two circuits. An
isolation transformer allows an AC signal or power to be taken from one device and fed into another without electrically
connecting the two circuits. Isolation transformers block transmission of DC signals from one circuit to the other, but
allow AC signals to pass. They also block interference caused by ground loops.
Rectifier & filter circuit:
It rectifies the ac voltage into dc voltage which required for load. The ZRF comprises a coupled inductor based filter
for minimizing the high-frequency switching ripple and an active power filter for mitigating the low-frequency ripple.
3.2Simulation diagram
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Fig: quasi z source isolated dc / dc converter closed loop system with dc motor load
Fig 3.3 block diagram of gating signal generator
RESULT
Fig. A) For input voltage = 40 volt
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Fig. B) input voltage = 80 volt
Fig (A&B) waveform shows the output voltage of qzsi for various input voltages 40, 80 for resistive load
Fig. A) for input voltage =40 volt
Fig. B) for input voltage =80 volt
Fig 4.2 (A&B) waveform shows the output voltage of qzsi with open loop system for various input voltages 40V,
80V for DC Motor load.
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Fig. A) Input voltage = 40 volt
Fig. B) for input voltage = 80 volt
(A&B) waveform shows the output voltage of qzsi with closed loop system for various input voltages 40V, 80V for DC
or load
When resistive load is connected to qzsi with open loop system, the output voltages for various input voltages are given
in below table 1
Table 1
Sr.No Input voltage (volt) Output voltage (volt)
1 40 525
2 80 1050
3 160 2105
4 320 4210
When resistive load is connected to qzsi with open loop system, maximum voltage obtained is more as compared to
inductive load connected to the system.
When DC motor (inductive load) is connected to qzsi with open loop system, the output voltages for various input
voltages are given in below table 2:
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Table 2
Sr.No Input voltage
(volt)
Output voltage
(volt)
1 40 80
2 80 304
3 160 875
4 320 2250
From Table 2 it can be concluded that when inductive load is connected to system the maximum voltage obtained for
same input is less as compared to resistive load. Due to inductive load large voltage drop occurs in qzsi.
When DC motor (inductive load) is connected to qzsi with close loop system, the output voltages for various input
voltages are given in below table 3.
Table 3
Sr.No Input voltage (volt) Output voltage (volt)
1 40 100
2 80 313
3 160 895
4 320 2255
From Table 3 it can be concluded that when DC motor (inductive load) is connected to qzsi with closed loop system,
constant maximum dc voltage is easily obtained as compare to open loop system.
CONCLUSION
This paper has presented an isolated step-up dc/dc converter topology with qzsi for resistive & inductive load. It has
been analyzed, designed, simulated using MATLAB software .The topology is intended for applications with widely
varying input voltage and to get stabilized output voltage and where the galvanic separation of input and output sides is
required. The high-frequency transformer stack is responsible for providing the input/output galvanic isolation
demanded in many applications. Moreover, to improve the power density and reliability, the updated converter topology
with the three-phase auxiliary a clink and the three-phase VDR are proposed and verified. With the simulation, the
following are the key features in comparison to traditional topologies.
1) The qzsi implemented on the primary side of the converter could provide both the voltage boost and buck functions
with no additional switches, only by use of a special control algorithm.
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2) The qzsi has excellent immunity against the cross conduction of the bottom-side inverter switches. Moreover, the
qzsi implemented can boost the input voltage by introducing a shoot-through operation mode, which is forbidden in
traditional VSIs.
3) The qzsi implemented has continuous input current (input current never drops to zero) during the shoot-through
(voltage boost) mode.
4) The high-frequency step-up isolation transformer provides the required voltage gain as well as input–output galvanic
isolation demanded in several applications.
5) The VDR implemented on the converter secondary side has the improved rectification efficiency due to the reduced
voltage drop (twice reduced number of rectifying diodes and full elimination of the smoothing inductor).
6) For open loop feeding resistive load the output remains at set value
7) For open loop feeding inductive load voltage decreases
8) For closed loop system output voltage remains constant irrespective of load
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