Short Vowel Sound Phonograms
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This document lists common short vowel sounds and example words to demonstrate each sound: a as in apple, i as in igloo, o as in octopus, u as in umbrella, and e as in echo.
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The document provides instructions on producing the /æ/ sound:
1. To produce the /æ/ sound, the tip of the tongue is slightly upward above the lower front teeth while the lips are widely opened and stretched upward.
2. The /æ/ sound is voiced with no vibration, and it occurs in initial and medial positions of words.
3. Several examples of words containing the /æ/ sound are provided, along with notes on silent letters that can precede the /æ/ sound.
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1. To produce the /æ/ sound, the tip of the tongue is slightly upward above the lower front teeth while the lips are widely opened and stretched upward.
2. The /æ/ sound is voiced with no vibration, and it occurs in initial and medial positions of words.
3. Several examples of words containing the /æ/ sound are provided, along with notes on silent letters that can precede the /æ/ sound.
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1. To make nouns plural, usually add 's' or 'es' depending on whether the word ends in s, sh, ch, x, or z. Words ending in 'y' after a consonant change to 'ies'.
2. The suffix 'ed' is used for past tense verbs and can be pronounced as either /t/ or /d/ depending on the preceding sound.
3. The suffix 'ly' turns adjectives into adverbs, with some exceptions for words ending in 'l', 'c-le', or consonant + 'y'.
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1. The 111 Doubling Rule specifies doubling the final consonant before adding a suffix if a one-syllable word ends in one consonant after one vowel.
2. The 211 Doubling Rule specifies doubling the final consonant before adding a suffix if a multi-syllable word with accent on last syllable ends in one consonant after one vowel.
3. The Silent e Rule specifies dropping the final silent e before adding a suffix.
Several common vowel suffixes and example words applying the rules are provided.
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This document discusses root words, prefixes, and suffixes. It explains that root words are the basic words that can have prefixes added to the beginning or suffixes added to the end to change the meaning. Prefixes and suffixes are groups of letters that are added to root words. Common prefixes discussed include "un", "mis", "sub", and "pre", along with their meanings. Examples are given of how prefixes change the meaning of words. Suffixes are also explained as changing the meaning when added to the end of words. Some common suffixes and their meanings are outlined such as "-s", "-ing", "-er", and "-ful".
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The document discusses common problems with English vowel and consonant spelling, including:
- English has more vowel sounds than letters to represent them
- Vowel letters can represent long or short vowel sounds
- Consonant substitutions often involve replacing voiced sounds with unvoiced ones
It provides examples of rules for determining long and short vowel sounds based on spelling, and discusses how consonants like /θ/ and /ð/ can be confused with /t/ and /d/. The differences between consonants like /ʒ/ and /j/ are also outlined.
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This document discusses several key concepts relating to pronunciation in the English language:
1. It describes the sound system of English including phonemes, the International Phonetic Alphabet, pronunciation difficulties from a learner's first language, and challenging English sounds.
2. It explains features of English prosody like stressed and unstressed syllables, rhythm, and sentence stress and how they can be difficult for English language learners.
3. Intonation patterns in English are outlined as well as their purposes and challenges for ELLs.
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Short Vowel Sound Phonograms
- 1. PHONOGRAMS short vowel sounds