a brief presentation on the causes and effects of some sexually transmitted infections and h.i.v.

1. PREPARED BY: S. BRYAN

2. WHAT IS A STI?

3. DEFINITION:
 Sexually Transmitted Infections are illnesses
that have a significant probability of
transmission between humans by means of
human sexual behavior, including; vaginal
intercourse, oral sex and anal sex, as well
as: through childbirth or breastfeeding, and
via the us of IV drug needles.

4. WHAT IS THE
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN A STI
AND A STD?

5. STI’S AND STD’S:
 In the past, these illnesses have mostly been
referred to as sexually transmitted diseases
(STD’s) or venereal diseases (VD), but in
recent years the term ‘sexually transmitted
infections’ has been preferred, as it has a
broader range of meaning; a person may be
infected, and may potentially affect others,
without having a disease.

6. HOW CAN I
KNOW IF I’M
INFECTED?

8. SIGNS EFFECTS
Sores or blisters on the genitals on or
around the anus, or mouth
Irregular growths (warts) in genital area
Vaginal or penile discharge (may be
unusual-smelling or discoloured)
Discomfort in the genital area
Infertility
Genital itching
Pain with urination or having a bowel
movement
Pain with intercourse
Vaginal bleeding or spotting after sexual
intercourse
Lower abdominal pain
Pain or swelling of glands in groin area
Rash
Complications related to pregnancy, such
as ectopic pregnancy or transmission of
infection to a fetus
Reproductive system cancers
PelviEnhanced transmission of HIV
Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Epididymitis

9. HOW CAN I
PREVENT MYSELF
FROM BEING
INFECTED?

11. EXAMPLES OF
STI’S

14.  What causes syphilis?
Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Treponenia Pallidum.
This is easily passed from one infected person to a healthy one, via
sexual contact.
How do I know if I’m infected?
Symptoms include: open sores, rashes, fever, swollen lymph glands,
muscle aches, fatigue, patchy hair loss, sore throat… etc…
 How can it affect my body?
If left untreated, syphilis can eventually cause damage to: the brain, eyes,
heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and also one’s joints. In extreme
cases it can cause: difficulty co-ordinating muscle movements,
paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, mental illness, and
eventually; death.
 What is the required treatment for syphilis?

19. SYMPTOMS
Abdominal pain Puss-like discharge from the genital
Bleeding between menstrual cycles Pain or burning while urinating
fever Itching of the anus
Painful intercourse Swelling or tenderness of the vulva
The urge to urinate more often rashes

20. EFFECTS
Gonorrhea, which is sometimes it is called
“the drip” or “the clap” can affect various
parts of the body including: the penis,mouth,
vagina, cervix, anus,urethra, throat..etc…
Gonorrhea can lead to serious complications
if it is not treated.

21. TREATMENT
“The drip” is easy to treat.
Most professionals will prescribe ‘antibiotics.’
These can be taken via injections or orally;
depending on the health of the patient.
If the infected person is under the age of 18
years old or pregnant, then a pill is recommended
by health professionals.
Infected persons are to abstain from all forms of
sexual activities until the treatment gets

24. DEFINITION
 Herpes is a common infection caused by two
different but closely related viruses. These
are: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and herpes simplex
virus type 2 (hsv-2). Both are easy to catch. They
remain in the body for life and can produce
symptoms that come and go.

25. ORAL HERPES (HSV-1)

26. GENITAL HERPES (HSV-2)

27. SYMPTOMS
Cold sores/ fever blisters headache
Open sores & chills Achy, flu-like feeling
Burning-feeling if urine
flows over sores
Inability to urinate if severe swelling
of sores block the urethra

28. TREATMENT
Using herpes treatment is usually very
effective in speeding up the healing of
sores and preventing it from returning
frequently.
Warm baths may give some pain relief.
Keep the sores dry – moisture can slow healing.
Pain relievers such as aspirins, acetaminophen, or
ibuprofen may help relieve discomfort and fear.

29. WARNING:
Although
herpes’
treatments
are helpful;
there is NO
cure.

32. DEFINITION
 Chlamydia is an infection caused by a very
small parasitic bacterium (genus Chlamydia) that,
like a virus, requires the biological
mechanisms of another cell in order to
reproduce. Bacteria of this type causes
various diseases including: trachoma,
psittacosis, and uretheritis.

34. SYMPTOMS

35. SYMPTOMS
 ABDOMINAL PAIN
 PAINFUL INERCOURSE
 SWELLING AROUND THE ANUS
 SWOLLEN OR TENDER TESTICLES
 BLEEDING BETWEEN MENSTRUAL CYCLES

36. TREATMENT
 Antibiotics

37. * Do NOT share your medicines with
any one.
* Ensure your partner gets tested before
having sex again.
* Take ALL prescribed medications even
if the symptoms go away; the infection
may still be in your body.

40. DEFINITION
 H.P.V. occurs when the virus enters the body
through a cut, abrasion or small tear on the
outermost part of your skin. The virus is
transferred primarily by skin-skin contact.

41. EFFECTS
 H.P.V. infections are very common; as there
are over 100 different types. Most of which
have no harmful effect at all. Some types of
H.P.V.’s may cause warts. These are called
‘low-risk’ types of H.P.V. Some types may
cause cell changes that sometimes lead to
cancer. These are called ‘high-risk’ types.

43. SYMPTOMS
There aren’t any symptoms
for ‘high-risk’ types of
H.P.V.

44. TREATMENT
There is currently NO H.P.V. treatment to cure
H.P.V. itself.
However; treatment is available for the abnormal
cell change in the cervix that are caused by
H.P.V. These include:
 colpscopy
 eryotherapy
 LEEP

47. DEFINITION
 Tiny insects that attach themselves to the
skin and hair in the pubic area. They are also
called “crabs.”

48. SYMPTOMS
 People don’t usually get any symptoms
until having pubic lice for about 5days. Some
people never get symptoms. However; when
they do appear, they may include:
 intense itching in the genitals or anus
 mild fever
 irritability
 feeling ‘run-down’

49. TREATMENT
Treatment is available for “crabs.” Some
common brands of over-the-counter pubic
lice medicines are: A-200, RID and NIX.
 shaving, hot baths, or other “home-remedies”
will not work.
 pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and
infants must use products designed for them.
 anyone exposed to crabs should be treated
immediately.

50. HUMAN
IMMUNE
DEFICIENCY
VIRUS (H.I.V.)

52. DEFINITION
 H.I.V. is an infectious agent that causes
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). It is a
disease that leaves a person vulnerable to
life-threatening infections. There are two
types of H.I.V.: H.I.V.-1 and H.I.V.-2.

54. SYMPTOMS
 PROLONGED FATIGUE AND
TIREDNESS
 WHITISH COATING OF THE
TONGUE
 SWEATING AT NIGHTS  SORES
 LOSS OF WEIGHT  SWOLLEN LYMPH GLANDS

57. EFFECTS
 Deaths resulting from hiv/aids represent a
wastage of life and human potential.
 Decrease in productivity as infected persons
are incapable of performing effectively at the
work-place.
 The cost of treating aids patients runs into millions of
dollars annually for Caribbean countries; this represents
a wastage of capital which could have been put to
alternative uses.

58. TREATMENT
There is NO cure for
H.I.V./AIDS.

59. TREATMENT
Abstaining from sexual
activities outside of marriage.
Refraining from homosexual
activities.
Desisting from intravenous
drug use.

60. DID
YOU
KNOW?
??

61. People diagnosed
with gonorrhea
often have
Chlamydia also.

62. Sexually transmitted
infections increase
the risk of HIV.

63. The initial herpes
symptoms appear 2 –
20 days after
infection.

65. Herpes is spread by touching,
kissing, and sexual contact and
can be passed from one partner
to another; or from one part of
the body to another part.

66. A combination of
treatments called
cocktails can be taken
to treat H.I.V.

67. Because herpes may have
no symptoms for years,
sometimes it is difficult to
know who passed it to
whom.

68. Chlamydia is 5x as
common as
gonorrhea; and 30x
as common as syphilis.

70. NO RUBBER, NO
RIDE!!!

72. QUESTIONS