Final Artifact for International Studies

1. Health Care Prevention
HIV, MOSQUITO-BORNE ILLNESS, EBOLA

2. What is HIV?
 The stage of infection with HIV-1, or HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), in which an infected
person's immune system has become so weak that he or she is at risk of developing other infections
or cancers (or has already developed them) that can potentially lead to death.
 All people with AIDS are infected with HIV-1, not all people with HIV-1 infection have AIDS, nor
will all of them develop AIDS.
The human body cannot get rid of HIV. That means that once you have HIV, you have it for life.

3. Where did HIV originate?
They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called
simian immunodeficiency virus or SIV) most likely was transmitted to humans and
mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into
contact with their infected blood.
A subspecies of chimpanzees native to west equatorial Africa had been identified
as the original source of the virus.

4. How HIV is transmitted
Sex
You may become infected if you have vaginal, anal or oral sex with an infected partner whose blood, semen or vaginal
secretions enter your body. The virus can enter your body through mouth sores or small tears that sometimes develop in the
rectum or vagina during sexual activity.
Blood Transfusions
In some cases, the virus may be transmitted through blood transfusions. American hospitals and blood banks now screen the
blood supply for HIV antibodies, so this risk is very small.
Sharing needles
HIV can be transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood. Sharing intravenous drug
paraphernalia puts you at high risk of HIV and other infectious diseases, such as hepatitis.
During pregnancy, or delivery, or through breast feeding
Infected mothers can infect their babies. But receiving treatment for HIV infection during pregnancy, mothers significantly
lower the risk to their babies.

5. Symptoms of HIV
dry cough or shortness of breath.
difficult or painful swallowing.
diarrhea lasting for more than a week.
white spots or unusual blemishes in and around the mouth.
pneumonia-like symptoms.
fever.
vision loss.
nausea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.

6. Preventative Care for HIV
There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS.
However, one may prevent from getting HIV by:
 Safe Sex (Use a condom every time)
Use Clean needles
Inform your partner if he/she may have HIV
The Treatment you receive if you do suffer from HIV/Aids:
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Entry or fusion inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors

7. HIV Statistics on an International Scale

8. What is Mosquito-Borne Illness?
 Disease caused by bacterial, viruses or parasites transmitted by
mosquitoes. They can transmit disease without being affected themselves.

9. Where did Mosquito-Borne Illness
Originate?
 Mosquito-Borne Illness is a virus found in tropical and
subtropical areas in South America and Africa. Yellow fever
virus is a very rare case of illness in U.S. travelers to these
areas.

10. Symptoms and Treatment of
Mosquito-Borne Illness (Yellow Fever)
Symptoms include:
Onset of fever
Chills
Severe headache
Back pain, general body aches
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue and weakness
Treatments Include:
 No specific Treatments have been found
to help patients with yellow fever.

11. Preventative care of
Mosquito-Borne Illness (Yellow Fever)
Mosquito-Borne Illness can be prevented by vaccination.
Also, when outdoors, use an effective insect repellent on exposed skin.
When Weather permits, wear long sleeves, long plant and socks when outdoors.
Staying in lodging with screened or air conditioned rooms will also reduce risk of
mosquito bites.

12. Mosquito-Borne Illness Internationally

13. What is Ebola?
Ebola is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with a strain of Ebola virus.
Ebola is also a virus that causes severe bleeding, organ failure, and can lead to
death.

14. Where did Ebola Originate?
The Ebola virus outbreak that's
ravaging West Africa probably started
with a single infected person, a new
genetic analysis shows. This West
African variant can be traced
genetically to a single introduction,
perhaps a person infected by a bat,
researchers report in the journal
Science.

15. Symptoms and Prevention of Ebola
Symptoms Include:
 Fever
Severe Headache
Muscle Pain
Weakness
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Abdominal
Unexplained hemorrhage
Prevention Includes:
 Practice careful hygiene
 Do not handle items that may have come in
contact with an infected person’s blood or body
fluids
 Avoid funeral or burial rituals that require
handling the body of someone who has dies from
Ebola
 Avoid contact with bats and non human
primates or blood, fluids, and raw food meat
prepared from these animals
 Do not have contact with the semen from a man
who has recovered from Ebola
 After you return, monitor your health for 21
days and seek medical care immediately if you
develop symptoms of Ebola

16. Health Care Prevention
And
International Studies
The three diseases I have informed the audience of have a significant impact on the
subject international studies. These diseases are infected by people internationally. In
the modules we have learned about, these diseases can correlate to the following:
geography, sociology, technology and political science.

17. Conclusion of HIV, Mosquito-Borne
Illness and Ebola
I chose to present this artifact with the focus on these three diseases because the viruses have
significantly impacted a lot of people in society within the past ten years.
The transmission of these diseases have come in contact with many more people than ever before.
There also is not a cure for HIV, Mosquito-Borne Illness and Ebola.
I am passionate about informing others of these viruses because they can be prevented with the
help of others sharing the knowledge.