1. P L A N T S R E P R O D U C E I N T W O
W AY S :
S E X U A L R E P R O D U C T I O N
A N D
A S E X U A L R E P R O D U C T I O N
2. PLANTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO:
1. Flowering Plants – plants that bear seeds and produce flowers.
Ex: sunflower
2. Nonflowering Plants – plants that bear spores (similar to seeds
of flowering plants and carry reproductive cells) and do not
flowers.
Ex: ferns, liverworts, and mosses
5. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
FLOWERING PLANTS
• Focused around the flower
• Besides in petals, the flower has parts that are vital in the process
of reproduction.
• Parts that support and protect the flower are: sepal, receptacle,
and pedicel.
• Two main reproductive parts of flower: pistil and stamen
6. Parts that provides
support and
protection to the
flower:
1. Sepal – protects
the bud until it
opens and
blooms
2. Receptacle –
base that holds
the whole flower
and also
connected to
pedicel
3. Pedicel -
Flower’s stalk
7. Main reproductive organ of
flower:
1. Pistil – female
reproductive part
- inside it is the ovary
where the ovule that
contains the eggs can be
found.
2. Stamen – male
reproductive organ
- Has anther where
powdery substances
(pollen grains encases
the sperm cells) located.
- filament is a long and
slender stalk that support
the anther in place.
8. HOW SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF
FLOWERING PLANTS HAPPEN?
• It undergoes pollination or the process by which the pollen is
transferred from the anther to the stigma, allowing the pollen to
reach and fertilize the egg.
1. Pollination starts when the petal (colorful part) attracts insects.
2. When insects get the nectar from flowers, pollen grains sticks to
the hairy legs.
3. As they move, they also carry the pollen grains with them until
the pollen grains fall into the sticky opening of the style called
the stigma.
9. 4. Pollen moves into the style (tube connected to the ovary of the stigma)
5. Pollen produces pollen tube that grows and reaches the egg, then the
sperm cell from the pollen moves through the pollen tube and fertilizes
the egg.
6. The fertilized egg cell becomes the seed’s embryo. The ovary develops
into a fruit (it protects the seed).
7. As the fruit ripens, it detaches from the branch and falls to the ground.
8. The fruit decomposes, releasing the seeds, and given proper conditions
the seeds will grow into a new plants.
10. AIDS THE POLLINATION
• Insects like bees, and
butterflies
• Birds
• Bats
• Other fruit-eating animals
ANIMALS CAN AID IN
SEED DISPERSAL
• Animals eat the fruit, they
deposit the seeds in
different areas, allowing
them to grow.
11. EXAMPLE OF FLOWERING PLANTS
• Mango and apple trees
– Before the fruits are seen, you can observe flowers bloom on
theses trees.
• Another example are used in garden plants because of their
attractive flowers: orchids, sampaguita, and santan.
13. • Nonflowering plants have spores that allow reproduction.
• SPORES – pollen-like structures of nonflowering plants that
grow into a gametophyte.
• GAMETOPHYTE – tiny plant that grows low on the ground
and produces both sperm and egg cells.
• Life cycle of plants with spores includes two different stages:
1. Sporophyte stage – plant produces spores
2. Gametophyte stage – plant produces its sex cells: egg cells
and sperm cells.
14. SPOROPHYTE
• Example of spore-bearing plant is fern.
• The yellow, sometimes reddish, powdery stuff on the underside of
fern leave are the spore cases (sporangia) and inside them are the
spores.
• SORUS – a cluster of sporangia
– When the spore of ferns and mosses mature, they are released
into the air.
– If a spore lands in a suitable place where it can receive enough
water, sunlight, and nutrients, it germinates and forms a
gametophyte.
15. GAMETOPHYTE
• Gametophyte then develops structures that produce egg and
sperm cells.
• For fertilization to happen, the sperm cells needs to swim in water,
from rain or dew, to the egg cell.
• The fertilized egg grows into a young sporophyte then into a
mature sporophyte, ready to release new batches of spores.
