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Prevention,
Prohibition, and
Redressal of
Sexual Harassment
of Women at
Workplace in India
Act & Rules
Legal Framework
• The sexual harassment of women at workplace
(Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013
• The sexual harassment of women at workplace
(Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Rules, 2013
• Erstwhile Vishaka Guidelines of 1997 by Supreme
Court now replaced
Legislative progress of the Law
Date Event
2007 Bill introduced by Women & Child Dev Minister Krishna Tirath
Jan, 2010 Union cabinet approved the bill
3rd Sep, 2012 Lok Sabha passed the bill
26th Feb, 2013 Rajya Sabha passed the bill
11th Mar, 2013 Lok Sabha again passed bill with changes
22nd Apr, 2013 The bill got President’s assent
9th Dec, 2013 Issuance of Rules
9th Dec, 2013 Act & Rules Notified, Law comes in force
Speed in implementation was a response to the public outrage over Nirbhaya case
Why this Law
Sexual harassment results in violation of the
fundamental rights of a woman to equality under
articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution of India and
her right to life and to live with dignity under article 21
of the Constitution and
her right to practice any profession or to carry on any
occupation, trade or business which includes a right to
a safe environment free from sexual harassment under
article 19(1)g
Why this Law
The protection against sexual harassment and the right
to work with dignity are universally recognised human
rights by international conventions and instruments
such as Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of
Discrimination against Women, which has been
ratified on the 25th June, 1993 by the Government of
India and
it is expedient to make provisions for giving effect to
the said Convention for protection of women against
sexual harassment at workplace.
Preamble
An Act to provide protection against sexual harassment
of women at workplace and for the prevention and
redressal of complaints of sexual harassment and for
matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
The Act extends to Whole of India
According to PIB of GOI
• The Act will ensure that women are protected against
sexual harassment at all the work places, be it in public
or private
• This will contribute to realisation of their right to
gender equality, life and liberty and equality in
working conditions everywhere
• The sense of security at the workplace will improve
women's participation in work, resulting in their
economic empowerment and inclusive growth
Vishaka v State of Rajasthan (1997)
• The Act uses a definition of sexual harassment which
was laid down by the case
• Case established that actions resulting in a violation of
one's rights to ‘Gender Equality’ and ‘Life and Liberty’
is in fact a violation of the victim’s fundamental right
under Article 19 (1) g
• The case ruling establishes that sexual harassment
violates a woman's rights in the workplace and is thus
not just a matter of personal injury
Preliminary
Important Definitions
Aggrieved Woman
• At workplace, any woman
• whether employed or not
• irrespective of any age
• who alleges to have been subject to any act of sexual
harassment by the respondent*
(* A person against whom an aggrieved woman has made a complaint)
• At a dwelling place or house, a woman
• of any age
• who is employed in that dwelling place or house
Important Definitions
Domestic Worker
Means a woman who is employed to do the household
work in any household for a remuneration whether in
cash or kind, either directly or through any agency on a
temporary, permanent, part time or full time basis,
but does not include any member of the family of
the employer
Important Definitions
Employer means
• (i) in relation to any department, organisation,
undertaking, establishment, enterprise, institution,
office, branch or unit of the appropriate Government
or a local authority, the head of that department,
organisation, undertaking, establishment, enterprise,
institution, branch or unit or such other officer as the
appropriate Government or a local authority, as the
case may be, may by an order specify in this behalf.
Important Definitions
Employer means
• (ii) in any workplace not covered above, any person
responsible for management, supervision and control
of the workplace
“management” includes a person or board or committee
responsible for administration and formulation of
policies for such organisation
• (iii) in relation to workplace covered above, the person
discharging contractual obligations with respect to his
or her employees
Important Definitions
Employer means
• (iv) in relation to a dwelling place or house, a person or
a household who employs or benefits from the
employment of domestic worker, irrespective of the
number, time period or type of such worker employed,
or the nature of the employment or activities
performed by the domestic worker.
Important Definitions
Sexual Harassment
Includes any one or more of the following unwelcome
acts or behaviour (whether directly or by implication)
namely:-
• Physical contact or advances or
• A demand or request for sexual favours or
• Making sexually coloured remarks
• Showing pornography
• Any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non verbal
conduct of sexual nature
Important Definitions
Workplace includes
• Any department, organisation, undertaking,
establishment, enterprise, institution, branch or unit
which is established, owned, controlled or wholly or
substantially financed by funds provided directly or
indirectly by the appropriate Government or local
authority or a Government company or a corporation
or a co-operative society
• Any private sector organisation or a private
venture……including trust, society……
• Hospitals or nursing homes
Important Definitions
Workplace includes
• any sports institute, stadium, sports complex or
competition or games venue, whether residential or
not used for training, sports or other activities relating
thereto
• Any place visited by the employee arising out of or
during the course of employment including
transportation provided by the employer for
undertaking such journey
• A dwelling place or a house
Important Definitions
Unorganised sector in relation to a workplace means
• An enterprise owned by individuals or self employed
workers and engaged in the production or sale of
goods or providing service of any kind whatsoever and
where the enterprise employs workers, the number of
such worker is less than ten
Prevention of Sexual Harassment (Sec 3)
• No woman shall be subjected to sexual harassment at
any workplace
• Following circumstances, among other circumstances,
if it occurs or is present in relation to or connected
with any act or behaviour of sexual harassment may
amount to sexual harassment:-
• Implied or explicit (a) preferential treatment or (b)
threat of detrimental treatment or (c) threat about her
present or future employment status, in her
employment or
• Interference with her work or creating an intimidating
or offensive or hostile work environment for her or
• Humiliating treatment likely to affect health or safety
Constitution of Internal Complaints Committee
(ICC)
Constitution of ICC (Sec 4)
• Every employer in a workplace to constitute ICC by an
order in writing
• ICC to be constituted at each place of administrative
units or offices
• ICC to constitute following members nominated by
employer: (at least 50% should be women)
• Senior level woman employee as presiding officer
• 2 employees committed to cause of women or having
exp in social work or having legal knowledge
• 1 person from NGO or association committed to the
cause of women or familiar with sexual harassment
issues
Constitution of ICC (Sec 4)
• ICC members may be nominated max for 3 years.
• NGO member on ICC to be paid fees by employer as
prescribed (Rule 3)
• Any member of the ICC shall be removed if he/she
• Contravenes the provisions of Sec 16
• Has been convicted for an offence
• An enquiry into an offence under law is pending
against..
• Has been found guilty in any disciplinary proceedings or
if any disciplinary proceeding is pending against…
• Has abused the position ….prejudicial to public interest
• Casual vacany to be filled in by fresh nomination
Constitution of Local Complaints Committee
(LCC)
• Sec 5 of the Act
• Appropriate Govt to notify a district officer for every
District
• To exercise power or discharge functions under this
Act
• District Officer (DO) shall be either District
Magistrate or Additional District Magistrate or
Collector or Deputy Collector
Notification of District Officer
• Every DO to constitute LCC in District
• LCC to receive complaints from establishment
where ICC is not constituted due to less than 10
workers or if complaint is against employer
• DO to designate one Nodal Officer (NO) in every
• Block, taluka and tehsil in rural area and
• Ward or municipality in urban area
• DO to receive complaints and forward to LCC
within 7 days
• Jurisdiction of LCC shall be the area in which it is
constituted
Constitution & Jurisdiction of LCC (Sec 6)
Constitution etc of LCC (Sec 7)
• LCC to constitute following members nominated by DO:
• Chairman to be nominated from amongst eminent women in
the filed of social work or committed to the cause of women
• 1 member from women working in block or taluka or tehsil or
ward or municipality in the district (Fees as per Rule 5)
• 2 members (atleast 1 woman) from NGO or association
committed to cause of women or familiar with SH issues
which may be prescribed (Defined in Rule 4)
• (provided 1 nominee to have legal knowledge or background
and 1 woman nominee to be from SC/ST/OBC)
• 1 ex-officio member-officer dealing with social welfare or
women & child development in district (Fees as per Rule 5)
• Max tenure of office by every member shall not exceed 3 years
Constitution etc of LCC (Sec 7)
• Chairman & NGO member on LCC to be paid fees as
prescribed
• Any member of the LCC shall be removed if he/she
• Contravenes the provisions of Sec 16
• Has been convicted for an offence
• An enquiry into an offence under law is pending
against..
• Has been found guilty in any disciplinary proceedings or
if any disciplinary proceeding is pending against…
• Has abused the position ….prejudicial to public interest
• Casual vacany to be filled in by fresh nomination
Grants & Audit (Sec 8)
• CG to provide grants to State Governments (SG) for
payment of fees to Chairman & NGO member on LCC
• SG to make agency and transfer grants to agency
• Agency to pay requisite sums to DO
• Accounts of Agency to be audited and maintained as
prescribed in consultation with Accountant General of
the State
Complaint
Complaint of Sexual Harassment (Sec 9)
• Aggrieved woman to complain of Sexual Harassment (SH)
within 3 months of the of incident and in case of series of
incidents, within 3 months from the last such incident
• Complain to be made to ICC if constituted or else LCC
• Complain to be in writing
• Reasonable assistance to be provided by member of ICC or
LCC as the case may be to the aggrieved for lodging a
written complaint in case of any inability.
• Time limit of 3 months could be extended by ICC or LCC by
a maximum of another 3 months
• If aggrieved is incapacitated to make complain, her legal
heir can make complaint in the manner prescribed (Rule 6)
Conciliation (Sec 10)
• ICC or LCC before making an enquiry into a complaint
may take steps to settle the matter between the
aggrieved and respondent through non monetary
conciliation.
• In case of settlement, recorded proceedings to be sent
to DO/Employer with recommendation for necessary
action.
• Copies of settlement to be provided to both the parties
• No further enquiry shall be permissible in case of a
settlement.
Inquiry into Complaint (Sec 11)
• In case of a respondent who is an employee, the ICC to
carry out enquiry proceedings as per service rules
applicable to employee. If no rules exist then in a manner
prescribed. (Rule 7)
• LCC in case of a domestic worker to carry such proceedings
• Proceedings to begin by forwarding a complaint to Police
within 7 days of its registration under the applicable
provisions of the IPC.
• Also if the aggrieved informs the ICC or LCC as the case
may be of non adherence of the terms of the settlement by
the respondent, such proceedings shall be accordingly
initiated in the manner stated above
• Inquiry to be completed within 90 days
Inquiry into Complaint (Sec 11)
• In case both parties are employees, an opportunity of being
heard shall be given to both the parties during the course
of enquiry.
• Findings to be shared with both of them
• To enable them to represent their case against the
findings of the Committee.
• Notwithstanding anything contained in Sec 509 of IPC, the
Court may order such sum of payment as it may consider fit
by the Respondent to the Aggrieved having regard to the
provisions of Sec 15
• When trying a suit, ICC or LCC to have same powers of a
Court as in CPC 1908 in respect of summoning,
examination of a person on oath or production of
documents or any other matter as may be prescribed
Inquiry into Complaint
Action during pendency of Inquiry (Sec 12)
• The aggrieved woman may make a written request
during the pendency of inquiry
• On such request, the ICC or LCC may recommend to
the employer:
• To transfer her to any other workplace
• To grant her leave of upto 3 months
• To grant her such other relief as prescribed (Rule 8)
• The leave of 3 months mentioned herein would be in
addition to the otherwise entitled leave
• The employer shall implement the recommendations
• The employer to then send a report of such
implementation to the ICC/ LCC as the case may be
Inquiry Report (Sec 13)
• On completion of inquiry the ICC or the LCC will have
to forward the copy of the report within 10 days of
completion to the employer/ DO (as the case may be)
and to the parties concerned
• Where on completion of inquiry the allegation against
the respondent is not proved, the recommendation by
the ICC/ LCC to the employer/ DO would be: no
action to be taken against the respondent
• If allegation proved: (i)(a) to take action for sexual
harassment as a misconduct under the service rules
(i)(b) if no service rules, then in
such manner as may be prescribed (Rule 9)
contd…Inquiry Report (Sec 13)
• If allegation proved: (ii) Notwithstanding anything in
the service rules, deduction from salary or wages, such
sum as may be prescribed
- To the aggrieved woman or to
her legal heir, as it may determine
• In case the employer is unable to deduct from salary or
wages due to his absence from duty or cessation of
employment
• In that case, the respondent is directed to pay
• In case respondent fails, DO to recover the dues from
the respondent, treating it as arrears of land revenue
• Recommendations to be acted upon within 60 days
of its receipt by the Employer/ DO
Punishment for false complaint (Sec 14)
• False or malicious compliant against the respondent
• False evidence (forged or misleading document)
If on an inquiry by the ICC/ LCC, any of the above is
established against the:
• Aggrieved woman
• Person making the compliant
• Witness(es)
It may recommend to the Employer/ DO to take
action against the woman or the person making the
compliant, as per the service rules or in the absence of
service rules, in the manner as may be prescribed.
(Rule 10)
contd…Punishment-false complaint (Sec 14)
Before imposing punishment under sec 14, conditions
has been laid down:
• Mere inability to substantiate a compliant
• Mere inability to provide adequate proof
Need not attract against the complainant under sec 14
Most importantly:
• Before any action is recommended under sec 14,
malicious intent have to be established on the part of
the complainant after an inquiry in accordance with
the procedure prescribed
contd…Punishment-false complaint (Sec 14)
Section 14(2)
• If the ICC/ LCC reaches to a conclusion that during the
inquiry, any witness has given:
- any false evidence or
- produced any forged or misleading document
It may recommend to the Employer of the witness/ DO
to take action as per the service rules of the witness’s
employment or in absence of service rules, as may be
prescribed.
Determination of compensation (Sec 15)
While determining the amount of compensation as
has been mentioned in section 13(3)(ii) of the Act, the
ICC/ LCC shall regard the following points:
• The mental trauma and emotional distress caused to
the aggrieved woman
• The loss in the career opportunity due to the incident
of sexual harassment
• Medical expenses incurred by the victim for physical
or psychiatric treatment
• The income and financial status of the respondent
• Feasibility of such payment in lump sum or in
instalments
Proh of publication of inquiry proc (Sec 16)
The following shall not be published, communicated
or made known to the public, press and media in any
manner:
• The contents of the complaint made u/s 9
• The identity and addresses of the aggrieved woman,
respondent and witnesses
• Any information relating to conciliation and inquiry
proceedings
• Recommendations of the ICC/ LCC and the
• Action taken by the Employer/ DO
Information may be disseminated without disclosing
the above. The provision is without prejudice to RTI
Act
Penalty for not following sec 16 (Sec 17)
• On contravening the provisions of section 16:
• The person entrusted with the duty to handle with the
compliant, inquiry or any recommendations or action
to be taken under the provisions of this Act
• Shall be liable to penalty
• As per the service rules applicable to the said person
• In the absence of service rules, in the manner as may
be prescribed (As per Rule 12 it is Rs 5000/-)
Appeal (Sec 18)
• Any person aggrieved from the recommendations
made under sections 13(2), 13(3)(i), 13(3)(ii), 14(1), 14(2)
or section 17
• Any person aggrieved from the non-implementation
of the recommendations made
• May prefer any appeal to the Court or Tribunal in
accordance with the service rules applicable to the said
person
• And if no service rules exist, in the manner as may be
prescribed (without prejudice to the provisions of any
other existing law)- Rule 11
• Important: Appeal to be made within 90 days of the
making of recommendations
Duties of Employer
Duties of employer (Sec 19) –See Rule 13
• Provide a safe working environment
• Display at a conspicuous place at the work place
• Penal consequences of SH
• Order constituting the ICC
• Organise regular programmes
• Awareness workshops for sensitizing the employees
• Orientation programmes for ICC members
• Provide necessary facilities to ICC or LCC as the case
may be for dealing with a complaint & conducting
inquiry
• Assist in securing the attendance of respondent and
witness before the ICC or LCC
Duties of employer (Sec 19)
• Make necessary information available to ICC or LCC in
regard to the complaint made
• Provide assistance to woman if she chooses to file
complaint under the IPC or any other law in force
• Cause to initiate action under the applicable law in
force against the perpetrator or if the aggrieved woman
so desires where the perpetrator is not an employee, in
the workplace in which the incident of SH took place
• Treat SH as misconduct under the service rules and
initiate action accordingly
• Monitor the timely submission of report by ICC
Duties & Powers of District Officer
Duties & Powers of DO (Sec 20)
• District Officer to
• Monitor the timely submission of report filed by LCC
• Take such measures as may be necessary for engaging
NGOs for creation of awareness on SH and rights of
women
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30)
• ICC or LCC as the case may be to prepare annual report
every calendar year in prescribed format (Rule 13) and
submit to the Employer and DO.
• DO to send brief report on the annual reports received
to State Government.
• The Employer to include in its report no of cases filed
and their disposal. Also to be included in the annual
report of the organisation. If no such annual report is
required to be prepared then submit to DO.
• Appropriate Government (AG) to monitor
implementation and maintain data under this Act
• AG to spread awareness, conduct workshops, training &
orientation programs subject to availability of funds.
Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30)
• AG on being satisfied in interest of public or women at workplace
may by order in writing
• Call upon employer or DO to furnish information in writing
relating to SH
• Authorise any officer to inspect and submit a report as directed.
• Every employer and DO shall produce on demand records and
information before the aforesaid inspector.
• Initial punishment to a employer who fails to comply with the
provisions of this Act is a max of Rs 50000/-
• For repeat of same offence
• Double the above punishment
• Court to take cognizance of higher punishment prescribed under
any other law
• Cancellation, non approval of business license
Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30)
• No court to take cognizance of any offence punishable
under this Act or related Rules save on a complaint
made by aggrieved Woman or any person authorized by
ICC or LCC
• No Court inferior to that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or
a Judicial Magistrate of first class shall try any offence
punishable under this Act
• Every offence under this Act to be non-cognizable
• CG to make rules for carrying out provisions of this Act
Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30)
• CG to make rules on following matters:
Fees or allowance to be paid to members under 4(4)-Rule 3
Nomination of members under 7(1)(c)-Rule 4
Fees or allowance to be paid to Chairperson, Members under
7(4)-Rule 5
The person who may make complain under 9(2)-Rule 6
The manner and power of inquiry under 11-Rule 7
Relief to be recommended under 12(1)(c)-Rule 8
Manner of action to be taken under 13, 14 & 17-Rule 9 & 10
Manner of appeal under 18-Rule 11
Manner of organising programmes under 19-Rule 12
Form and time of preparation of annual reports by ICC and
LCC under 21-Rule 13
Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30)
• Rules made by CG to be passed by both the houses of
Parliament
• Rules made by SG to be approved by each house of the
State Legislature
• CG has powers to remove difficulties in giving effect to
the provisions of this Act by an appropriate order.
• Every such order made by CG if any to be laid before
both the houses of the Parliament
Fees or Allowance of ICC Member (Rule 3)
• Member appointed from NGO entitled to an allowance
• of Rs 200/- per day for holding ICC Proceedings
• and reimbursement of travel cost
• Train AC Three Tier
• AC Bus
• Auto-rickshaw
• Actual whichever is less
• Employer to pay above allowances
Person familiar with SH Issues (Rule 4)
• Person having expertise pertaining to SH issues and
includes the following
• Social worker with 5 yrs experience in the field of social
work which leads to creation of societal conditions
favorable towards empowerment of women and in
particular addressing the workplace SH
• A person who is familiar with labor, service, civil or
criminal law
Fees or Allowance of LCC Member (Rule 5)
• Chairperson entitled to an allowance of Rs 250/- per day for
holding LCC Proceedings.
• 1 member from women working in block or taluka or tehsil
or ward or municipality in the district and the ex-offico
member is entitled to an allowance of Rs 2o0/- per day for
holding LCC Proceedings
• and reimbursement of travel cost
• Train AC Three Tier
• AC Bus
• Autorickshaw
• Actual whichever is less
• DO shall be responsible for payment of allowances
SH Complaints (Rule 6)
• Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to
make one due to physical incapacity?
• Relative
• Friend
• Co-worker
• Officer of National Commission for the Women
• State Women’s Commission
• A person who has knowledge of the incident with written
consent of the woman
• Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to
make one due to mental incapacity?
• Relative
• Friend
SH Complaints (Rule 6)
• Special Educator (means a person trained in communication
with people with special needs in a way that addresses their
individual differences and needs)
• Qualified Psychologist or Psychiatrist
• A guardian or authority under whose care she is receiving
treatment or care
• A person who has knowledge of the incident jointly with any
of the abovementioned persons
• Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to
make one due to any other reason?--A person who has
knowledge of the incident with her written consent
• Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to
make one due to any other reason?--A person who has
knowledge of the incident with written consent of her legal heir
Manner of Enquiry into Complaints (Rule 7)
• Complainant to submit 6 copies of complaints along with
supporting documents and names and addresses of
witnesses to CC
• CC to send 1 copy to the respondent within 7 working days
• Respondent to file reply within 10 working days
• CC to make enquiry in accordance with principle of natural
justice
Manner of Enquiry into Complaints (Rule 7)
• No legal practitioner allowed to be brought in by any of the
parties
• Minimum of 3 members of the CC including the Presiding
Officer or the Chairperson as the case may be shall be
present in inquiry conduction.
• CC has to right to terminate inquiry proceedings or give an ex-
parte order if the respondent refrains from attending three
consecutive hearing proceedings without proper reason after
giving 15 days written notice
Relief to Complainant (Rule 8)
• Reliefs to complainant as follows may be provided during
pendency of the inquiry
• CC may at the written request of the aggrieved woman may
recommend the employer to
• Restrain the respondent from reporting on the work
performance of aggrieved woman or writing her
confidential report and assign the same to another officer;
• Restrain the respondent in case of an educational
institution from supervising any academic activity of the
aggrieved woman
Manner of Taking Action for SH (Rule 9)
• If Service Rules exist…the same needs to be followed
• Else if CC concludes that allegation against respondent is
proved, it shall recommend to the employer or DO as the
case may be to take any action including a
• written apology
• Warning, reprimand or censure
• Withholding of promotion, pay rise or increments
• Termination from service
• Undergoing a counselling session
• Carrying out community service
Action for false or malicious complaint(Rule 10)
• If Service Rules exist…the same needs to be followed
• Else if CC concludes that allegation against respondent is
malicious or false or based on misleading document it shall
recommend to the employer or DO as the case may be to
take any action including a
• written apology
• Warning, reprimand or censure
• Withholding of promotion, pay rise or increments
• Termination from service
• Undergoing a counselling session
• Carrying out community service
Where will the Appeal Lie (Rule 11)
• Appeal u/s 18
• Appellate authority notified under Sec 2(a) of the
Industrial Employment (Standing Order)Act, 1946 (20 of
1946)
Manner to Organise Workshop(Rule 13)
• Every employer (subject to Sec 19) shall
• Formulate and widely disseminate SH policy
• Promoter gender sensitive safe spaces
• Remove factors contributing to hostile work environment against
women
• Carry out orientation programs and seminars for members of ICC
• Carry out awareness programs
• Create forum for dialogues involving panchayati raj institution,
gram sabha, women’s groups, mothers’ committee, adolescent
groups, urban local bodies or any other bodies considered necessary
• conduct capacity building and skill building programs for members
of ICC
• Declare contact details of all members of ICC
• Use modules developed by state government to sensitize the
provisions of SH amongst employees, to create awareness & conduct
workshops
Preparation of Annual Report (Rule 14)
• Annual Report of CC under Sec 21 shall contain
• No of complaints on SH received in a year
• No of complaints disposed off in a year
• No of cases pending form more than 90 days
• No of workshop or awareness programs against SH
carried out
• Nature of action taken by Employer or DO
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Law on Sexual Harassment Against Women-Prevention, Prohibition & Redressal

  • 1. Room No.6, 4th Floor, Commerce House 2A, Ganesh Chandra Avenue, Kolkata 700013 Connect me @ : (033) 3028 8955-57; (033) 3002 5630-33; 98310 99551 mamtab@mamtabinani.com Visit me @ : www.mamtabinani.com Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace in India Act & Rules
  • 2. Legal Framework • The sexual harassment of women at workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013 • The sexual harassment of women at workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Rules, 2013 • Erstwhile Vishaka Guidelines of 1997 by Supreme Court now replaced
  • 3. Legislative progress of the Law Date Event 2007 Bill introduced by Women & Child Dev Minister Krishna Tirath Jan, 2010 Union cabinet approved the bill 3rd Sep, 2012 Lok Sabha passed the bill 26th Feb, 2013 Rajya Sabha passed the bill 11th Mar, 2013 Lok Sabha again passed bill with changes 22nd Apr, 2013 The bill got President’s assent 9th Dec, 2013 Issuance of Rules 9th Dec, 2013 Act & Rules Notified, Law comes in force Speed in implementation was a response to the public outrage over Nirbhaya case
  • 4. Why this Law Sexual harassment results in violation of the fundamental rights of a woman to equality under articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution of India and her right to life and to live with dignity under article 21 of the Constitution and her right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business which includes a right to a safe environment free from sexual harassment under article 19(1)g
  • 5. Why this Law The protection against sexual harassment and the right to work with dignity are universally recognised human rights by international conventions and instruments such as Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, which has been ratified on the 25th June, 1993 by the Government of India and it is expedient to make provisions for giving effect to the said Convention for protection of women against sexual harassment at workplace.
  • 6. Preamble An Act to provide protection against sexual harassment of women at workplace and for the prevention and redressal of complaints of sexual harassment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The Act extends to Whole of India
  • 7. According to PIB of GOI • The Act will ensure that women are protected against sexual harassment at all the work places, be it in public or private • This will contribute to realisation of their right to gender equality, life and liberty and equality in working conditions everywhere • The sense of security at the workplace will improve women's participation in work, resulting in their economic empowerment and inclusive growth
  • 8. Vishaka v State of Rajasthan (1997) • The Act uses a definition of sexual harassment which was laid down by the case • Case established that actions resulting in a violation of one's rights to ‘Gender Equality’ and ‘Life and Liberty’ is in fact a violation of the victim’s fundamental right under Article 19 (1) g • The case ruling establishes that sexual harassment violates a woman's rights in the workplace and is thus not just a matter of personal injury
  • 10. Important Definitions Aggrieved Woman • At workplace, any woman • whether employed or not • irrespective of any age • who alleges to have been subject to any act of sexual harassment by the respondent* (* A person against whom an aggrieved woman has made a complaint) • At a dwelling place or house, a woman • of any age • who is employed in that dwelling place or house
  • 11. Important Definitions Domestic Worker Means a woman who is employed to do the household work in any household for a remuneration whether in cash or kind, either directly or through any agency on a temporary, permanent, part time or full time basis, but does not include any member of the family of the employer
  • 12. Important Definitions Employer means • (i) in relation to any department, organisation, undertaking, establishment, enterprise, institution, office, branch or unit of the appropriate Government or a local authority, the head of that department, organisation, undertaking, establishment, enterprise, institution, branch or unit or such other officer as the appropriate Government or a local authority, as the case may be, may by an order specify in this behalf.
  • 13. Important Definitions Employer means • (ii) in any workplace not covered above, any person responsible for management, supervision and control of the workplace “management” includes a person or board or committee responsible for administration and formulation of policies for such organisation • (iii) in relation to workplace covered above, the person discharging contractual obligations with respect to his or her employees
  • 14. Important Definitions Employer means • (iv) in relation to a dwelling place or house, a person or a household who employs or benefits from the employment of domestic worker, irrespective of the number, time period or type of such worker employed, or the nature of the employment or activities performed by the domestic worker.
  • 15. Important Definitions Sexual Harassment Includes any one or more of the following unwelcome acts or behaviour (whether directly or by implication) namely:- • Physical contact or advances or • A demand or request for sexual favours or • Making sexually coloured remarks • Showing pornography • Any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non verbal conduct of sexual nature
  • 16. Important Definitions Workplace includes • Any department, organisation, undertaking, establishment, enterprise, institution, branch or unit which is established, owned, controlled or wholly or substantially financed by funds provided directly or indirectly by the appropriate Government or local authority or a Government company or a corporation or a co-operative society • Any private sector organisation or a private venture……including trust, society…… • Hospitals or nursing homes
  • 17. Important Definitions Workplace includes • any sports institute, stadium, sports complex or competition or games venue, whether residential or not used for training, sports or other activities relating thereto • Any place visited by the employee arising out of or during the course of employment including transportation provided by the employer for undertaking such journey • A dwelling place or a house
  • 18. Important Definitions Unorganised sector in relation to a workplace means • An enterprise owned by individuals or self employed workers and engaged in the production or sale of goods or providing service of any kind whatsoever and where the enterprise employs workers, the number of such worker is less than ten
  • 19. Prevention of Sexual Harassment (Sec 3) • No woman shall be subjected to sexual harassment at any workplace • Following circumstances, among other circumstances, if it occurs or is present in relation to or connected with any act or behaviour of sexual harassment may amount to sexual harassment:- • Implied or explicit (a) preferential treatment or (b) threat of detrimental treatment or (c) threat about her present or future employment status, in her employment or • Interference with her work or creating an intimidating or offensive or hostile work environment for her or • Humiliating treatment likely to affect health or safety
  • 20. Constitution of Internal Complaints Committee (ICC)
  • 21. Constitution of ICC (Sec 4) • Every employer in a workplace to constitute ICC by an order in writing • ICC to be constituted at each place of administrative units or offices • ICC to constitute following members nominated by employer: (at least 50% should be women) • Senior level woman employee as presiding officer • 2 employees committed to cause of women or having exp in social work or having legal knowledge • 1 person from NGO or association committed to the cause of women or familiar with sexual harassment issues
  • 22. Constitution of ICC (Sec 4) • ICC members may be nominated max for 3 years. • NGO member on ICC to be paid fees by employer as prescribed (Rule 3) • Any member of the ICC shall be removed if he/she • Contravenes the provisions of Sec 16 • Has been convicted for an offence • An enquiry into an offence under law is pending against.. • Has been found guilty in any disciplinary proceedings or if any disciplinary proceeding is pending against… • Has abused the position ….prejudicial to public interest • Casual vacany to be filled in by fresh nomination
  • 23. Constitution of Local Complaints Committee (LCC)
  • 24. • Sec 5 of the Act • Appropriate Govt to notify a district officer for every District • To exercise power or discharge functions under this Act • District Officer (DO) shall be either District Magistrate or Additional District Magistrate or Collector or Deputy Collector Notification of District Officer
  • 25. • Every DO to constitute LCC in District • LCC to receive complaints from establishment where ICC is not constituted due to less than 10 workers or if complaint is against employer • DO to designate one Nodal Officer (NO) in every • Block, taluka and tehsil in rural area and • Ward or municipality in urban area • DO to receive complaints and forward to LCC within 7 days • Jurisdiction of LCC shall be the area in which it is constituted Constitution & Jurisdiction of LCC (Sec 6)
  • 26. Constitution etc of LCC (Sec 7) • LCC to constitute following members nominated by DO: • Chairman to be nominated from amongst eminent women in the filed of social work or committed to the cause of women • 1 member from women working in block or taluka or tehsil or ward or municipality in the district (Fees as per Rule 5) • 2 members (atleast 1 woman) from NGO or association committed to cause of women or familiar with SH issues which may be prescribed (Defined in Rule 4) • (provided 1 nominee to have legal knowledge or background and 1 woman nominee to be from SC/ST/OBC) • 1 ex-officio member-officer dealing with social welfare or women & child development in district (Fees as per Rule 5) • Max tenure of office by every member shall not exceed 3 years
  • 27. Constitution etc of LCC (Sec 7) • Chairman & NGO member on LCC to be paid fees as prescribed • Any member of the LCC shall be removed if he/she • Contravenes the provisions of Sec 16 • Has been convicted for an offence • An enquiry into an offence under law is pending against.. • Has been found guilty in any disciplinary proceedings or if any disciplinary proceeding is pending against… • Has abused the position ….prejudicial to public interest • Casual vacany to be filled in by fresh nomination
  • 28. Grants & Audit (Sec 8) • CG to provide grants to State Governments (SG) for payment of fees to Chairman & NGO member on LCC • SG to make agency and transfer grants to agency • Agency to pay requisite sums to DO • Accounts of Agency to be audited and maintained as prescribed in consultation with Accountant General of the State
  • 30. Complaint of Sexual Harassment (Sec 9) • Aggrieved woman to complain of Sexual Harassment (SH) within 3 months of the of incident and in case of series of incidents, within 3 months from the last such incident • Complain to be made to ICC if constituted or else LCC • Complain to be in writing • Reasonable assistance to be provided by member of ICC or LCC as the case may be to the aggrieved for lodging a written complaint in case of any inability. • Time limit of 3 months could be extended by ICC or LCC by a maximum of another 3 months • If aggrieved is incapacitated to make complain, her legal heir can make complaint in the manner prescribed (Rule 6)
  • 31. Conciliation (Sec 10) • ICC or LCC before making an enquiry into a complaint may take steps to settle the matter between the aggrieved and respondent through non monetary conciliation. • In case of settlement, recorded proceedings to be sent to DO/Employer with recommendation for necessary action. • Copies of settlement to be provided to both the parties • No further enquiry shall be permissible in case of a settlement.
  • 32. Inquiry into Complaint (Sec 11) • In case of a respondent who is an employee, the ICC to carry out enquiry proceedings as per service rules applicable to employee. If no rules exist then in a manner prescribed. (Rule 7) • LCC in case of a domestic worker to carry such proceedings • Proceedings to begin by forwarding a complaint to Police within 7 days of its registration under the applicable provisions of the IPC. • Also if the aggrieved informs the ICC or LCC as the case may be of non adherence of the terms of the settlement by the respondent, such proceedings shall be accordingly initiated in the manner stated above • Inquiry to be completed within 90 days
  • 33. Inquiry into Complaint (Sec 11) • In case both parties are employees, an opportunity of being heard shall be given to both the parties during the course of enquiry. • Findings to be shared with both of them • To enable them to represent their case against the findings of the Committee. • Notwithstanding anything contained in Sec 509 of IPC, the Court may order such sum of payment as it may consider fit by the Respondent to the Aggrieved having regard to the provisions of Sec 15 • When trying a suit, ICC or LCC to have same powers of a Court as in CPC 1908 in respect of summoning, examination of a person on oath or production of documents or any other matter as may be prescribed
  • 35. Action during pendency of Inquiry (Sec 12) • The aggrieved woman may make a written request during the pendency of inquiry • On such request, the ICC or LCC may recommend to the employer: • To transfer her to any other workplace • To grant her leave of upto 3 months • To grant her such other relief as prescribed (Rule 8) • The leave of 3 months mentioned herein would be in addition to the otherwise entitled leave • The employer shall implement the recommendations • The employer to then send a report of such implementation to the ICC/ LCC as the case may be
  • 36. Inquiry Report (Sec 13) • On completion of inquiry the ICC or the LCC will have to forward the copy of the report within 10 days of completion to the employer/ DO (as the case may be) and to the parties concerned • Where on completion of inquiry the allegation against the respondent is not proved, the recommendation by the ICC/ LCC to the employer/ DO would be: no action to be taken against the respondent • If allegation proved: (i)(a) to take action for sexual harassment as a misconduct under the service rules (i)(b) if no service rules, then in such manner as may be prescribed (Rule 9)
  • 37. contd…Inquiry Report (Sec 13) • If allegation proved: (ii) Notwithstanding anything in the service rules, deduction from salary or wages, such sum as may be prescribed - To the aggrieved woman or to her legal heir, as it may determine • In case the employer is unable to deduct from salary or wages due to his absence from duty or cessation of employment • In that case, the respondent is directed to pay • In case respondent fails, DO to recover the dues from the respondent, treating it as arrears of land revenue • Recommendations to be acted upon within 60 days of its receipt by the Employer/ DO
  • 38. Punishment for false complaint (Sec 14) • False or malicious compliant against the respondent • False evidence (forged or misleading document) If on an inquiry by the ICC/ LCC, any of the above is established against the: • Aggrieved woman • Person making the compliant • Witness(es) It may recommend to the Employer/ DO to take action against the woman or the person making the compliant, as per the service rules or in the absence of service rules, in the manner as may be prescribed. (Rule 10)
  • 39. contd…Punishment-false complaint (Sec 14) Before imposing punishment under sec 14, conditions has been laid down: • Mere inability to substantiate a compliant • Mere inability to provide adequate proof Need not attract against the complainant under sec 14 Most importantly: • Before any action is recommended under sec 14, malicious intent have to be established on the part of the complainant after an inquiry in accordance with the procedure prescribed
  • 40. contd…Punishment-false complaint (Sec 14) Section 14(2) • If the ICC/ LCC reaches to a conclusion that during the inquiry, any witness has given: - any false evidence or - produced any forged or misleading document It may recommend to the Employer of the witness/ DO to take action as per the service rules of the witness’s employment or in absence of service rules, as may be prescribed.
  • 41. Determination of compensation (Sec 15) While determining the amount of compensation as has been mentioned in section 13(3)(ii) of the Act, the ICC/ LCC shall regard the following points: • The mental trauma and emotional distress caused to the aggrieved woman • The loss in the career opportunity due to the incident of sexual harassment • Medical expenses incurred by the victim for physical or psychiatric treatment • The income and financial status of the respondent • Feasibility of such payment in lump sum or in instalments
  • 42. Proh of publication of inquiry proc (Sec 16) The following shall not be published, communicated or made known to the public, press and media in any manner: • The contents of the complaint made u/s 9 • The identity and addresses of the aggrieved woman, respondent and witnesses • Any information relating to conciliation and inquiry proceedings • Recommendations of the ICC/ LCC and the • Action taken by the Employer/ DO Information may be disseminated without disclosing the above. The provision is without prejudice to RTI Act
  • 43. Penalty for not following sec 16 (Sec 17) • On contravening the provisions of section 16: • The person entrusted with the duty to handle with the compliant, inquiry or any recommendations or action to be taken under the provisions of this Act • Shall be liable to penalty • As per the service rules applicable to the said person • In the absence of service rules, in the manner as may be prescribed (As per Rule 12 it is Rs 5000/-)
  • 44. Appeal (Sec 18) • Any person aggrieved from the recommendations made under sections 13(2), 13(3)(i), 13(3)(ii), 14(1), 14(2) or section 17 • Any person aggrieved from the non-implementation of the recommendations made • May prefer any appeal to the Court or Tribunal in accordance with the service rules applicable to the said person • And if no service rules exist, in the manner as may be prescribed (without prejudice to the provisions of any other existing law)- Rule 11 • Important: Appeal to be made within 90 days of the making of recommendations
  • 46. Duties of employer (Sec 19) –See Rule 13 • Provide a safe working environment • Display at a conspicuous place at the work place • Penal consequences of SH • Order constituting the ICC • Organise regular programmes • Awareness workshops for sensitizing the employees • Orientation programmes for ICC members • Provide necessary facilities to ICC or LCC as the case may be for dealing with a complaint & conducting inquiry • Assist in securing the attendance of respondent and witness before the ICC or LCC
  • 47. Duties of employer (Sec 19) • Make necessary information available to ICC or LCC in regard to the complaint made • Provide assistance to woman if she chooses to file complaint under the IPC or any other law in force • Cause to initiate action under the applicable law in force against the perpetrator or if the aggrieved woman so desires where the perpetrator is not an employee, in the workplace in which the incident of SH took place • Treat SH as misconduct under the service rules and initiate action accordingly • Monitor the timely submission of report by ICC
  • 48. Duties & Powers of District Officer
  • 49. Duties & Powers of DO (Sec 20) • District Officer to • Monitor the timely submission of report filed by LCC • Take such measures as may be necessary for engaging NGOs for creation of awareness on SH and rights of women
  • 51. Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30) • ICC or LCC as the case may be to prepare annual report every calendar year in prescribed format (Rule 13) and submit to the Employer and DO. • DO to send brief report on the annual reports received to State Government. • The Employer to include in its report no of cases filed and their disposal. Also to be included in the annual report of the organisation. If no such annual report is required to be prepared then submit to DO. • Appropriate Government (AG) to monitor implementation and maintain data under this Act • AG to spread awareness, conduct workshops, training & orientation programs subject to availability of funds.
  • 52. Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30) • AG on being satisfied in interest of public or women at workplace may by order in writing • Call upon employer or DO to furnish information in writing relating to SH • Authorise any officer to inspect and submit a report as directed. • Every employer and DO shall produce on demand records and information before the aforesaid inspector. • Initial punishment to a employer who fails to comply with the provisions of this Act is a max of Rs 50000/- • For repeat of same offence • Double the above punishment • Court to take cognizance of higher punishment prescribed under any other law • Cancellation, non approval of business license
  • 53. Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30) • No court to take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act or related Rules save on a complaint made by aggrieved Woman or any person authorized by ICC or LCC • No Court inferior to that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of first class shall try any offence punishable under this Act • Every offence under this Act to be non-cognizable • CG to make rules for carrying out provisions of this Act
  • 54. Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30) • CG to make rules on following matters: Fees or allowance to be paid to members under 4(4)-Rule 3 Nomination of members under 7(1)(c)-Rule 4 Fees or allowance to be paid to Chairperson, Members under 7(4)-Rule 5 The person who may make complain under 9(2)-Rule 6 The manner and power of inquiry under 11-Rule 7 Relief to be recommended under 12(1)(c)-Rule 8 Manner of action to be taken under 13, 14 & 17-Rule 9 & 10 Manner of appeal under 18-Rule 11 Manner of organising programmes under 19-Rule 12 Form and time of preparation of annual reports by ICC and LCC under 21-Rule 13
  • 55. Miscellaneous (Sec 21 to 30) • Rules made by CG to be passed by both the houses of Parliament • Rules made by SG to be approved by each house of the State Legislature • CG has powers to remove difficulties in giving effect to the provisions of this Act by an appropriate order. • Every such order made by CG if any to be laid before both the houses of the Parliament
  • 56.
  • 57. Fees or Allowance of ICC Member (Rule 3) • Member appointed from NGO entitled to an allowance • of Rs 200/- per day for holding ICC Proceedings • and reimbursement of travel cost • Train AC Three Tier • AC Bus • Auto-rickshaw • Actual whichever is less • Employer to pay above allowances
  • 58. Person familiar with SH Issues (Rule 4) • Person having expertise pertaining to SH issues and includes the following • Social worker with 5 yrs experience in the field of social work which leads to creation of societal conditions favorable towards empowerment of women and in particular addressing the workplace SH • A person who is familiar with labor, service, civil or criminal law
  • 59. Fees or Allowance of LCC Member (Rule 5) • Chairperson entitled to an allowance of Rs 250/- per day for holding LCC Proceedings. • 1 member from women working in block or taluka or tehsil or ward or municipality in the district and the ex-offico member is entitled to an allowance of Rs 2o0/- per day for holding LCC Proceedings • and reimbursement of travel cost • Train AC Three Tier • AC Bus • Autorickshaw • Actual whichever is less • DO shall be responsible for payment of allowances
  • 60. SH Complaints (Rule 6) • Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to make one due to physical incapacity? • Relative • Friend • Co-worker • Officer of National Commission for the Women • State Women’s Commission • A person who has knowledge of the incident with written consent of the woman • Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to make one due to mental incapacity? • Relative • Friend
  • 61. SH Complaints (Rule 6) • Special Educator (means a person trained in communication with people with special needs in a way that addresses their individual differences and needs) • Qualified Psychologist or Psychiatrist • A guardian or authority under whose care she is receiving treatment or care • A person who has knowledge of the incident jointly with any of the abovementioned persons • Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to make one due to any other reason?--A person who has knowledge of the incident with her written consent • Who can make complaints if aggrieved woman is unable to make one due to any other reason?--A person who has knowledge of the incident with written consent of her legal heir
  • 62. Manner of Enquiry into Complaints (Rule 7) • Complainant to submit 6 copies of complaints along with supporting documents and names and addresses of witnesses to CC • CC to send 1 copy to the respondent within 7 working days • Respondent to file reply within 10 working days • CC to make enquiry in accordance with principle of natural justice
  • 63. Manner of Enquiry into Complaints (Rule 7) • No legal practitioner allowed to be brought in by any of the parties • Minimum of 3 members of the CC including the Presiding Officer or the Chairperson as the case may be shall be present in inquiry conduction. • CC has to right to terminate inquiry proceedings or give an ex- parte order if the respondent refrains from attending three consecutive hearing proceedings without proper reason after giving 15 days written notice
  • 64. Relief to Complainant (Rule 8) • Reliefs to complainant as follows may be provided during pendency of the inquiry • CC may at the written request of the aggrieved woman may recommend the employer to • Restrain the respondent from reporting on the work performance of aggrieved woman or writing her confidential report and assign the same to another officer; • Restrain the respondent in case of an educational institution from supervising any academic activity of the aggrieved woman
  • 65. Manner of Taking Action for SH (Rule 9) • If Service Rules exist…the same needs to be followed • Else if CC concludes that allegation against respondent is proved, it shall recommend to the employer or DO as the case may be to take any action including a • written apology • Warning, reprimand or censure • Withholding of promotion, pay rise or increments • Termination from service • Undergoing a counselling session • Carrying out community service
  • 66. Action for false or malicious complaint(Rule 10) • If Service Rules exist…the same needs to be followed • Else if CC concludes that allegation against respondent is malicious or false or based on misleading document it shall recommend to the employer or DO as the case may be to take any action including a • written apology • Warning, reprimand or censure • Withholding of promotion, pay rise or increments • Termination from service • Undergoing a counselling session • Carrying out community service
  • 67. Where will the Appeal Lie (Rule 11) • Appeal u/s 18 • Appellate authority notified under Sec 2(a) of the Industrial Employment (Standing Order)Act, 1946 (20 of 1946)
  • 68. Manner to Organise Workshop(Rule 13) • Every employer (subject to Sec 19) shall • Formulate and widely disseminate SH policy • Promoter gender sensitive safe spaces • Remove factors contributing to hostile work environment against women • Carry out orientation programs and seminars for members of ICC • Carry out awareness programs • Create forum for dialogues involving panchayati raj institution, gram sabha, women’s groups, mothers’ committee, adolescent groups, urban local bodies or any other bodies considered necessary • conduct capacity building and skill building programs for members of ICC • Declare contact details of all members of ICC • Use modules developed by state government to sensitize the provisions of SH amongst employees, to create awareness & conduct workshops
  • 69. Preparation of Annual Report (Rule 14) • Annual Report of CC under Sec 21 shall contain • No of complaints on SH received in a year • No of complaints disposed off in a year • No of cases pending form more than 90 days • No of workshop or awareness programs against SH carried out • Nature of action taken by Employer or DO