The document summarizes the evolution of computers over five generations from 1940 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes for logic and magnetic drums for memory. The second generation replaced vacuum tubes with transistors and used magnetic cores for memory. The third generation saw the rise of integrated circuits with small-scale and medium-scale integration, along with larger magnetic core memories and disk storage. The fourth generation introduced microprocessors and personal computers connected through the internet. The fifth generation involves artificial intelligence technologies like superconductors, quantum computing, and natural language interfaces.

1. SUBMITED TO-:
Mrs. Vinay
SUBMITED BY-:
Swayam Gagneja

2. First (1940-1956) VACUUMTUBES
-:
• Vacuum tubes
• Magnetic drums for memory
• Input on punched cards and paper tapes
:
• Machine language
• Solved only one problem at a time
-:
• Bulky in size
• Highly Unreliable
• Difficult to use

3. Second (1956-1963) TRANSISTORS
-:
• Transistors
• Magnetic cores memory
• Magnetic tapes
-:
• Batch processing system
• Assembly language
• Scientific and commercial applications
-:
• Faster, Smaller, more reliable
• Easier to program then previous generations systems

4. Third (1964-1971) INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS
-:
• IC’s with SSI and MSI technologies
• Larger magnetic cores memory
• Larger capacity disks and magnetic tapes secondary storage
-:
• Timesharing operating system
• Unbundling of software from hardware
-:
• Faster, Smaller, more reliable, easier and cheaper to produce
• Scientific, Commercial and online applications

5. FOURTH (1964-1971) MICROPROCESSORS
-:
• Personal computers
• Internet
• Larger capacity main memory, hard disks
-:
• Multiprocessing OS
• World Wide Web
• JAVA
-:
• Portable computers
• General purpose machines
• Easier to upgrade

6. FIFTH (present and beyond) ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
-:
• Superconductors
• Inter space
• Cluster computing
-:
• Natural language input
-:
Voice recognition
Capable of learning and self organization