This document discusses seven threats and vulnerabilities in cloud computing. It begins by introducing cloud computing and how it has evolved IT solutions by moving computing resources and data to large data centers. While this provides benefits, it also introduces security risks if threats and vulnerabilities are not addressed. The top seven issues identified are: abuse and nefarious use of cloud services, insecure interfaces and APIs, malicious insiders, virtual machine escape vulnerabilities, risk of data loss or leakage, account or service hijacking, and unknown risk profiles for organizations. Addressing these issues is important for organizations to trust cloud computing with their critical data and applications.
IRJET- A Survey on Cloud Data Security Methods and Future DirectionsIRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues related to cloud data storage. It provides an overview of cloud computing and defines key terms like integrity, confidentiality and availability as major security risks. The document then surveys recent research on methods to ensure cloud data integrity and highlights challenges. It identifies 12 common security threats to cloud data like data breaches, weak identity management, insecure interfaces, system vulnerabilities, account hijacking and data loss. The survey concludes by noting future research directions are needed for efficient and secure cloud storage systems.
MIST Effective Masquerade Attack Detection in the CloudKumar Goud
Abstract: Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. We propose a different approach for securing data in the cloud using offensive decoy technology. We monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns. When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge questions, we launch a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of decoy information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the user’s real data. Experiments conducted in a local file setting provide evidence that this approach may provide unprecedented levels of user data security in a Cloud environment.
Keywords: Mist, Insider data stealing, Bait information, Lure Files, Validating user
Cloud has major security challenges which can be a nightmare for any organization or clients. This paper published in IEEE discusses the cloud implementation security challenges with greater details. It is really a good reference for cloud security and privacy researchers.
Fundamentals of information systems security ( pdf drive ) chapter 1newbie2019
This document discusses the growth of the internet and increased connectivity of devices beyond just computers. It notes that as internet usage has increased, issues of privacy, data security, and protecting sensitive information have become more important for both personal and business use. The document provides an overview of common security concepts and terms to help understand how to prevent cyberattacks and secure sensitive data. It also includes a table summarizing several high-profile data breaches between 2013-2015 at companies like Target, Anthem, and Sony Pictures that compromised personal and financial information for millions of customers.
Internal & External Attacks in cloud computing Environment from confidentiali...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document discusses information system security. It defines information system security as collecting activities to protect information systems and stored data. It outlines four components of an IT security policy framework: policies, standards, procedures, and guidelines. It also discusses vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and trends in attacks. Vulnerabilities refer to weaknesses, while threats use tools and scripts to launch attacks like reconnaissance, access, denial of service, and viruses/Trojans. Common attacks trends include malware, phishing, ransomware, denial of service, man-in-the-middle, cryptojacking, SQL injection, and zero-day exploits.
This document discusses security considerations for cloud computing. It covers security challenges like privacy, portability, interoperability, reliability and availability. It also discusses security planning, boundaries based on infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS) models. Additional topics include data security, software as a service security, security monitoring, and security architecture design.
IRJET- A Survey on Cloud Data Security Methods and Future DirectionsIRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues related to cloud data storage. It provides an overview of cloud computing and defines key terms like integrity, confidentiality and availability as major security risks. The document then surveys recent research on methods to ensure cloud data integrity and highlights challenges. It identifies 12 common security threats to cloud data like data breaches, weak identity management, insecure interfaces, system vulnerabilities, account hijacking and data loss. The survey concludes by noting future research directions are needed for efficient and secure cloud storage systems.
MIST Effective Masquerade Attack Detection in the CloudKumar Goud
Abstract: Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. We propose a different approach for securing data in the cloud using offensive decoy technology. We monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns. When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge questions, we launch a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of decoy information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the user’s real data. Experiments conducted in a local file setting provide evidence that this approach may provide unprecedented levels of user data security in a Cloud environment.
Keywords: Mist, Insider data stealing, Bait information, Lure Files, Validating user
Cloud has major security challenges which can be a nightmare for any organization or clients. This paper published in IEEE discusses the cloud implementation security challenges with greater details. It is really a good reference for cloud security and privacy researchers.
Fundamentals of information systems security ( pdf drive ) chapter 1newbie2019
This document discusses the growth of the internet and increased connectivity of devices beyond just computers. It notes that as internet usage has increased, issues of privacy, data security, and protecting sensitive information have become more important for both personal and business use. The document provides an overview of common security concepts and terms to help understand how to prevent cyberattacks and secure sensitive data. It also includes a table summarizing several high-profile data breaches between 2013-2015 at companies like Target, Anthem, and Sony Pictures that compromised personal and financial information for millions of customers.
Internal & External Attacks in cloud computing Environment from confidentiali...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document discusses information system security. It defines information system security as collecting activities to protect information systems and stored data. It outlines four components of an IT security policy framework: policies, standards, procedures, and guidelines. It also discusses vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and trends in attacks. Vulnerabilities refer to weaknesses, while threats use tools and scripts to launch attacks like reconnaissance, access, denial of service, and viruses/Trojans. Common attacks trends include malware, phishing, ransomware, denial of service, man-in-the-middle, cryptojacking, SQL injection, and zero-day exploits.
This document discusses security considerations for cloud computing. It covers security challenges like privacy, portability, interoperability, reliability and availability. It also discusses security planning, boundaries based on infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS) models. Additional topics include data security, software as a service security, security monitoring, and security architecture design.
Running head technology vulnerabilities in the cloud AKHIL969626
This document discusses technology vulnerabilities in cloud computing. It identifies several common vulnerabilities, including misconfigured cloud storage that can expose sensitive data, unstable APIs that can be exploited by attackers if not properly authenticated and authorized, and intellectual property theft if confidential files are shared on cloud platforms without security. Cloud computing brings benefits of scalability and cost savings but also risks, as vulnerabilities can enable threats like data breaches or malicious attacks on cloud services and infrastructure. Proper security controls are needed to protect against exploitation of vulnerabilities in cloud technology.
This presentation was discussed in a Webinar with MetricStream in September 2016. It is applicable for small, medium and large businesses when considering information and cyber security risk.
Security and Privacy Issues of Cloud Computing; Solutions and Secure FrameworkIOSR Journals
This document discusses security and privacy issues related to cloud computing. It begins by defining cloud computing and noting its benefits. However, it also acknowledges security concerns, such as lack of control over data, network security issues, and potential insider threats. The document then examines specific security risks like weak client security, insecure APIs, lack of encryption, and not having backups and disaster recovery plans. It proposes some solutions like access controls, encryption, firewalls, regular security audits and penetration testing. Finally, the document presents a secure framework for cloud computing that incorporates many of these solutions to help providers and consumers mitigate risks and enhance security.
Challenges and Security Issues in Future IT Infrastructure ComponentsMubashir Ali
Over the past 2 decades, the information technology infrastructure has gone through an exponential change with the introduction and evolution of new technologies and trends. Organizations previously having their data on-premise and their infrastructure comprising of multiple server machines on multiple server racks and dedicated client personal computers (PCs) are moving towards cloud computing & virtualization to Smartphone and tablets. This rapid advancement and constant change, although increasing productivity for the organizations is resulting in a rising number of challenges and security issues for the organizations, their managers, IT administrators and technology architects. This paper discusses the future IT infrastructure components and the challenges & security issues that arise after their implementation that needs to be taken care of in order to get the full advantage of IT.
Cloud Computing has emerged as the premier infrastructure for creating affordable, scalable and reliable IT solutions for companies of all sizes. However, as with all new technologies, Cloud Computing poses many demanding security considerations, and each must be addressed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and privacy of a developer’s product.
OneTK: Key Distribution Center at Cloud Providers towards End to End, Securit...Editor IJMTER
Using End to End Connection in packet Switching networks for providing higher
security in Cloud Computing. In cloud computing a major role is provide security to services that
may be PaaS( Platform as a Service), SaaS( Software as a Service) , CaaS( Communication as a
Service) , IaaS( Infrastructure as a Services) , MaaS ( Monitoring as a Service)n, XaaS( X: Platform,
Software, Monitoring, Infrastructure). Cloud computing provides wide range of services. Large,
Small and medium businesses are depending on out sourcing of data services and computation on
cloud this is mainly deals with SaaS. The cloud provides a very high efficient service for the business
organizations. These business organizations trust cloud service providers on their data security. But
providing security is highly risk in cloud through the third party, especially in private cloud services.
Existing data security methods are not so effective. By using this End to End Connection and Session
Keys and attempts is to be covered secularism in the area of Cloud computing users.
A new approach for securing the data from cloud. OTK – “One Time Key Distribution File” is a
service that protects unauthorized file downloading form the cloud.
SECURITY APPREHENSIONS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF CLOUD CAPTIOUS GROUNDSIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing is a new innovative model for enterprise in which information is permanently stored on the servers and also manage how and when different resources are allocate to the requested users. It provides distributed approach through which resources are allocated dynamically to the users without investing in the infrastructure or licensing the software’s on the client side. Using the cloud makes processing of information is more commodious but it also present them with new security problems about reliability.This phenomenon introduces serious problems regarding access mechanism to any information stored in the database and resources in the cloud. For the successful implementation of cloud computing it is necessary that we must know different areas where the security is needed. For this there should also governess strategy needed for secure communication between multi-clouds located in different geographical areas or in different countries. In this paper we discuss how to safely utilizing the benefit of cloud computing through the network where data security, provide authentication, integration, recovery, IP spoofing and Virtual Servers are the most captiousfields in the cloud.
Data Stream Controller for Enterprise Cloud ApplicationIJSRD
Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm where computing resources are provided as services over Internet while residing in a large data center. Even though it enables us to dynamically provide servers with the ability to address a wide range of needs, this paradigm brings forth many new challenges for the data security and access control as users outsource their sensitive data to clouds, which are beyond the same trusted domain as data owners. The occupier need not be concerned with how the Paas system achieves expansion under high load.MAC systems differ as security policy is defined for the entire system, typically by administrators. Information flow control (IFC) is a MAC approach, developed originally from military information management methodologies. IFC can be used to enforce more general policies, using appropriate labeling and checking schemes. The labels can be used to manage both confidentiality and integrity concerns, tracking “secrecy†and “quality†of data, respectively. Decentralized Information Flow Control (DIFC) is an approach to security that allows application writers to control how data flow between the pieces of application and the outside world. As applied to privacy DIFC allows un trusted software to compute with private data while trusted security code controls the release of that data. As applied to integrity DIFC allows trusted code to protect un trusted software from unexpected inputs.
This document discusses challenges in information assurance and authentication. It introduces common web authentication methods like SAML and Shibboleth that enable single sign-on across domains using federated identity. SAML allows sharing of authentication and authorization data in XML format. Shibboleth is an open source single sign-on system that uses SAML and allows identity federations. OpenID is also discussed as a decentralized authentication standard used by many websites. The document compares and contrasts these different authentication methods.
Trust based Mechanism for Secure Cloud Computing Environment: A Surveyinventionjournals
Ubiquitous computing has revolutionized interaction of humans and machines. Cloud computing has been mainly used for storing data and various computational purposes. It has changed the face of using the internet. But, as we know every technology has its pros and cons. Securing cloud environment is the most challenging issue for the researchers and developers. Main aspects which cloud security should cover are authentication, authorization, data protection etc. Establishing trust between cloud service providers (CSP) is the biggest challenge, when someone is discussing about cloud security. Trust is a critical factor which mainly depends on perception of reputation and self-assessment done by both user and CSP. The trust model can act as security strength evaluator and ranking service for cloud application and services. For establishing trust relationship between two parties, mutual trust mechanism is reliable, as it does verification from both sides. There are various trust models which mainly focuses on securing one party i.e., they validate either user or service node. In this survey paper, the study of various trust models and their various parameters are discussed.
Healthcare IT Security Threats & Ways to Defend ThemCheapSSLsecurity
Encryption is required under HIPAA to protect electronic personal healthcare information being transferred or stored. SSL encryption protects data in motion by encrypting connections between computers but other vulnerabilities need addressing. Healthcare organizations should educate employees, secure wireless networks, vet third parties, and limit potential network damage from breaches through measures like network segregation.
The document discusses authentication, authorization, and accounting (the three As) as a leading model for access control. It describes authentication as identifying users, usually with a username and password. Authorization gives users access to resources based on their identity. Accounting (also called auditing) tracks user activity like time spent and services accessed. The document provides details on different authentication methods like passwords, PINs, smart cards, and digital certificates. It emphasizes the importance of strong passwords and changing them regularly.
E-COMMERCE SYSTEMS SECURITY FOR SMALL BUSINESSESIJNSA Journal
Small business e-commerce websites make an excellent target for malicious attacks. Small businesses do not have the resources needed to effectively deal with attacks. Large and some mid-size organization have teams that are dedicated to dealing with security incidents and preventing future attacks. Most small businesses do not have the capabilities of dealing with incidents the way large organizations do. Security of e-commerce websites is essential for compliance with laws and regulations as well as gaining and maintaining the trust of consumers, partners and stakeholders. Many security standards have been established by various organizations to help guide security of small business servers, however, many of those standards or guidelines are too costly or time consuming. This paper1 will discuss how attacks are carried out and how a small business can effectively secure their networks with minimum cost.
MESSAGING GATEWAY large business edition is an easy to use email virus protection that delivers effective and accurate antispam protection with no user peer user fees and available as a VMware-based virtual appliance Messaging gateway large business edition can be implemented on your existing hardware making it one of the most affordable gateway appliance solutions available.
ZS Infotech is an IT support services and security solutions provider located in Selangor, Malaysia. They offer a full range of IT services customized for businesses, including acting as the client's internal IT department. Their services include IT staff augmentation, endpoint security, cyber security, risk management, and infrastructure management. For IT staff augmentation, they provide additional IT expertise on an as-needed basis. Their endpoint security protects company devices from threats. Cyber security helps secure companies from online threats. They assess risks and help with risk mitigation. And they manage clients' IT infrastructure services.
The document discusses several cybersecurity challenges facing service providers as networks become more virtualized and complex. It notes that virtualization is not new but brings operational challenges from enterprise IT. Securing access to physical and virtual networks is key, and security incidents involving virtual machines have higher recovery costs. As networks use more software-defined networking and network function virtualization, security strategies must adapt to hybrid environments. The hypervisor is a critical component to protect due to the risks of attacks from rogue virtual machines. Privileged identity management is also a challenge as the boundaries between network elements blur and many more accounts exist than needed. Fraud is a major threat costing over $40 billion annually through various schemes.
Automation alley day in the cloud presentation - formattedMatthew Moldvan
The document discusses securing a network by utilizing secure cloud strategies. It notes that only 25% of cloud providers consider security a top responsibility. It then introduces Security Inspection Inc. and an individual, detailing their experience. The document outlines cloud computing architectures and the benefits and potential security issues of cloud adoption. It stresses that security features like authentication, authorization, encryption, and segmentation are needed to mitigate risks. Security Inspection Inc. offers cloud security solutions like security as a service and virtualized firewalls. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of maintaining good security practices.
This document identifies and categorizes various vulnerabilities and threats in cloud computing. It discusses 8 categories of threats: abuse of resources, insecure interfaces, technology sharing issues, data leakages, service hijacking, malicious insiders, data separation, and unknown risks. For each threat, it provides details on how attackers can exploit vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for cloud service providers to mitigate risks, such as implementing strong access controls, encryption, monitoring, and auditing. The conclusion states that while cloud computing is widely adopted, organizations must still be aware of security issues and work to address them.
Identified Vulnerabilitis And Threats In Cloud ComputingIOSR Journals
This document identifies and categorizes various vulnerabilities and threats in cloud computing. It discusses 8 categories of threats: abuse of resources, insecure interfaces, technology sharing issues, data leakages, service hijacking, malicious insiders, data separation, and unknown risks. For each threat, it provides details on how attackers can exploit vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for cloud service providers to mitigate risks, such as implementing strong access controls, encryption, monitoring, and auditing. The conclusion states that while cloud computing is widely adopted, organizations must still be aware of security issues and work to address them.
There are many threats to cloud security. The main treats arise from account hijacking, data breaches, inadequate cloud security architecture and strategy, insecure interfaces and APIs, insider threats, limited visibility with regard to cloud usage etc.
Running head technology vulnerabilities in the cloud AKHIL969626
This document discusses technology vulnerabilities in cloud computing. It identifies several common vulnerabilities, including misconfigured cloud storage that can expose sensitive data, unstable APIs that can be exploited by attackers if not properly authenticated and authorized, and intellectual property theft if confidential files are shared on cloud platforms without security. Cloud computing brings benefits of scalability and cost savings but also risks, as vulnerabilities can enable threats like data breaches or malicious attacks on cloud services and infrastructure. Proper security controls are needed to protect against exploitation of vulnerabilities in cloud technology.
This presentation was discussed in a Webinar with MetricStream in September 2016. It is applicable for small, medium and large businesses when considering information and cyber security risk.
Security and Privacy Issues of Cloud Computing; Solutions and Secure FrameworkIOSR Journals
This document discusses security and privacy issues related to cloud computing. It begins by defining cloud computing and noting its benefits. However, it also acknowledges security concerns, such as lack of control over data, network security issues, and potential insider threats. The document then examines specific security risks like weak client security, insecure APIs, lack of encryption, and not having backups and disaster recovery plans. It proposes some solutions like access controls, encryption, firewalls, regular security audits and penetration testing. Finally, the document presents a secure framework for cloud computing that incorporates many of these solutions to help providers and consumers mitigate risks and enhance security.
Challenges and Security Issues in Future IT Infrastructure ComponentsMubashir Ali
Over the past 2 decades, the information technology infrastructure has gone through an exponential change with the introduction and evolution of new technologies and trends. Organizations previously having their data on-premise and their infrastructure comprising of multiple server machines on multiple server racks and dedicated client personal computers (PCs) are moving towards cloud computing & virtualization to Smartphone and tablets. This rapid advancement and constant change, although increasing productivity for the organizations is resulting in a rising number of challenges and security issues for the organizations, their managers, IT administrators and technology architects. This paper discusses the future IT infrastructure components and the challenges & security issues that arise after their implementation that needs to be taken care of in order to get the full advantage of IT.
Cloud Computing has emerged as the premier infrastructure for creating affordable, scalable and reliable IT solutions for companies of all sizes. However, as with all new technologies, Cloud Computing poses many demanding security considerations, and each must be addressed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and privacy of a developer’s product.
OneTK: Key Distribution Center at Cloud Providers towards End to End, Securit...Editor IJMTER
Using End to End Connection in packet Switching networks for providing higher
security in Cloud Computing. In cloud computing a major role is provide security to services that
may be PaaS( Platform as a Service), SaaS( Software as a Service) , CaaS( Communication as a
Service) , IaaS( Infrastructure as a Services) , MaaS ( Monitoring as a Service)n, XaaS( X: Platform,
Software, Monitoring, Infrastructure). Cloud computing provides wide range of services. Large,
Small and medium businesses are depending on out sourcing of data services and computation on
cloud this is mainly deals with SaaS. The cloud provides a very high efficient service for the business
organizations. These business organizations trust cloud service providers on their data security. But
providing security is highly risk in cloud through the third party, especially in private cloud services.
Existing data security methods are not so effective. By using this End to End Connection and Session
Keys and attempts is to be covered secularism in the area of Cloud computing users.
A new approach for securing the data from cloud. OTK – “One Time Key Distribution File” is a
service that protects unauthorized file downloading form the cloud.
SECURITY APPREHENSIONS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF CLOUD CAPTIOUS GROUNDSIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing is a new innovative model for enterprise in which information is permanently stored on the servers and also manage how and when different resources are allocate to the requested users. It provides distributed approach through which resources are allocated dynamically to the users without investing in the infrastructure or licensing the software’s on the client side. Using the cloud makes processing of information is more commodious but it also present them with new security problems about reliability.This phenomenon introduces serious problems regarding access mechanism to any information stored in the database and resources in the cloud. For the successful implementation of cloud computing it is necessary that we must know different areas where the security is needed. For this there should also governess strategy needed for secure communication between multi-clouds located in different geographical areas or in different countries. In this paper we discuss how to safely utilizing the benefit of cloud computing through the network where data security, provide authentication, integration, recovery, IP spoofing and Virtual Servers are the most captiousfields in the cloud.
Data Stream Controller for Enterprise Cloud ApplicationIJSRD
Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm where computing resources are provided as services over Internet while residing in a large data center. Even though it enables us to dynamically provide servers with the ability to address a wide range of needs, this paradigm brings forth many new challenges for the data security and access control as users outsource their sensitive data to clouds, which are beyond the same trusted domain as data owners. The occupier need not be concerned with how the Paas system achieves expansion under high load.MAC systems differ as security policy is defined for the entire system, typically by administrators. Information flow control (IFC) is a MAC approach, developed originally from military information management methodologies. IFC can be used to enforce more general policies, using appropriate labeling and checking schemes. The labels can be used to manage both confidentiality and integrity concerns, tracking “secrecy†and “quality†of data, respectively. Decentralized Information Flow Control (DIFC) is an approach to security that allows application writers to control how data flow between the pieces of application and the outside world. As applied to privacy DIFC allows un trusted software to compute with private data while trusted security code controls the release of that data. As applied to integrity DIFC allows trusted code to protect un trusted software from unexpected inputs.
This document discusses challenges in information assurance and authentication. It introduces common web authentication methods like SAML and Shibboleth that enable single sign-on across domains using federated identity. SAML allows sharing of authentication and authorization data in XML format. Shibboleth is an open source single sign-on system that uses SAML and allows identity federations. OpenID is also discussed as a decentralized authentication standard used by many websites. The document compares and contrasts these different authentication methods.
Trust based Mechanism for Secure Cloud Computing Environment: A Surveyinventionjournals
Ubiquitous computing has revolutionized interaction of humans and machines. Cloud computing has been mainly used for storing data and various computational purposes. It has changed the face of using the internet. But, as we know every technology has its pros and cons. Securing cloud environment is the most challenging issue for the researchers and developers. Main aspects which cloud security should cover are authentication, authorization, data protection etc. Establishing trust between cloud service providers (CSP) is the biggest challenge, when someone is discussing about cloud security. Trust is a critical factor which mainly depends on perception of reputation and self-assessment done by both user and CSP. The trust model can act as security strength evaluator and ranking service for cloud application and services. For establishing trust relationship between two parties, mutual trust mechanism is reliable, as it does verification from both sides. There are various trust models which mainly focuses on securing one party i.e., they validate either user or service node. In this survey paper, the study of various trust models and their various parameters are discussed.
Healthcare IT Security Threats & Ways to Defend ThemCheapSSLsecurity
Encryption is required under HIPAA to protect electronic personal healthcare information being transferred or stored. SSL encryption protects data in motion by encrypting connections between computers but other vulnerabilities need addressing. Healthcare organizations should educate employees, secure wireless networks, vet third parties, and limit potential network damage from breaches through measures like network segregation.
The document discusses authentication, authorization, and accounting (the three As) as a leading model for access control. It describes authentication as identifying users, usually with a username and password. Authorization gives users access to resources based on their identity. Accounting (also called auditing) tracks user activity like time spent and services accessed. The document provides details on different authentication methods like passwords, PINs, smart cards, and digital certificates. It emphasizes the importance of strong passwords and changing them regularly.
E-COMMERCE SYSTEMS SECURITY FOR SMALL BUSINESSESIJNSA Journal
Small business e-commerce websites make an excellent target for malicious attacks. Small businesses do not have the resources needed to effectively deal with attacks. Large and some mid-size organization have teams that are dedicated to dealing with security incidents and preventing future attacks. Most small businesses do not have the capabilities of dealing with incidents the way large organizations do. Security of e-commerce websites is essential for compliance with laws and regulations as well as gaining and maintaining the trust of consumers, partners and stakeholders. Many security standards have been established by various organizations to help guide security of small business servers, however, many of those standards or guidelines are too costly or time consuming. This paper1 will discuss how attacks are carried out and how a small business can effectively secure their networks with minimum cost.
MESSAGING GATEWAY large business edition is an easy to use email virus protection that delivers effective and accurate antispam protection with no user peer user fees and available as a VMware-based virtual appliance Messaging gateway large business edition can be implemented on your existing hardware making it one of the most affordable gateway appliance solutions available.
ZS Infotech is an IT support services and security solutions provider located in Selangor, Malaysia. They offer a full range of IT services customized for businesses, including acting as the client's internal IT department. Their services include IT staff augmentation, endpoint security, cyber security, risk management, and infrastructure management. For IT staff augmentation, they provide additional IT expertise on an as-needed basis. Their endpoint security protects company devices from threats. Cyber security helps secure companies from online threats. They assess risks and help with risk mitigation. And they manage clients' IT infrastructure services.
The document discusses several cybersecurity challenges facing service providers as networks become more virtualized and complex. It notes that virtualization is not new but brings operational challenges from enterprise IT. Securing access to physical and virtual networks is key, and security incidents involving virtual machines have higher recovery costs. As networks use more software-defined networking and network function virtualization, security strategies must adapt to hybrid environments. The hypervisor is a critical component to protect due to the risks of attacks from rogue virtual machines. Privileged identity management is also a challenge as the boundaries between network elements blur and many more accounts exist than needed. Fraud is a major threat costing over $40 billion annually through various schemes.
Automation alley day in the cloud presentation - formattedMatthew Moldvan
The document discusses securing a network by utilizing secure cloud strategies. It notes that only 25% of cloud providers consider security a top responsibility. It then introduces Security Inspection Inc. and an individual, detailing their experience. The document outlines cloud computing architectures and the benefits and potential security issues of cloud adoption. It stresses that security features like authentication, authorization, encryption, and segmentation are needed to mitigate risks. Security Inspection Inc. offers cloud security solutions like security as a service and virtualized firewalls. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of maintaining good security practices.
This document identifies and categorizes various vulnerabilities and threats in cloud computing. It discusses 8 categories of threats: abuse of resources, insecure interfaces, technology sharing issues, data leakages, service hijacking, malicious insiders, data separation, and unknown risks. For each threat, it provides details on how attackers can exploit vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for cloud service providers to mitigate risks, such as implementing strong access controls, encryption, monitoring, and auditing. The conclusion states that while cloud computing is widely adopted, organizations must still be aware of security issues and work to address them.
Identified Vulnerabilitis And Threats In Cloud ComputingIOSR Journals
This document identifies and categorizes various vulnerabilities and threats in cloud computing. It discusses 8 categories of threats: abuse of resources, insecure interfaces, technology sharing issues, data leakages, service hijacking, malicious insiders, data separation, and unknown risks. For each threat, it provides details on how attackers can exploit vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for cloud service providers to mitigate risks, such as implementing strong access controls, encryption, monitoring, and auditing. The conclusion states that while cloud computing is widely adopted, organizations must still be aware of security issues and work to address them.
There are many threats to cloud security. The main treats arise from account hijacking, data breaches, inadequate cloud security architecture and strategy, insecure interfaces and APIs, insider threats, limited visibility with regard to cloud usage etc.
IRJET- Survey on Security Threats and Remedies in Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
This document discusses security threats and remedies in cloud computing. It begins by introducing cloud computing and its deployment models including public, private, and hybrid clouds. It then describes the different cloud service models such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. The document proceeds to outline several security threats in cloud computing including backdoor channel attacks, denial-of-service attacks, insecure APIs, and SQL injection attacks. Finally, it discusses some potential improvements and controls for cloud security like strong encryption, activity monitoring, and user authentication.
This document discusses security threats in cloud computing environments from the perspectives of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It identifies internal and external attacks that can threaten cloud systems. Internally, malicious insiders like users, providers, or third parties can access data. Externally, remote software or hardware attacks are possible from external attackers. Specific threats are organized by their impact on confidentiality like data leakage; integrity like incorrect resource segregation; and availability like denial of service attacks. The document concludes that security efforts should focus on both prevention of threats and detection of security issues.
IRJET- An Effective Protection on Content based Retrieval in Cloud StorehouseIRJET Journal
This document discusses content-based retrieval in cloud storage and proposes an effective protection method. It begins with background on cloud computing and discusses traditional encrypted search methods and their limitations, including vulnerabilities to attacks. The proposed system design generates an order-preserving encrypted password and splits files and indexes into encrypted parts. It then splits an uploaded secure image into a source image and key image using a binocular visual cryptography algorithm. The encrypted files, source image, and password are stored in the cloud. When a user requests a file, the cloud verifies and sends the password and key image. To access the file, the user must submit the matching key image. This prevents unauthorized access while allowing efficient encrypted searching and retrieval from the cloud.
A survey on cloud security issues and techniquesijcsa
This document summarizes security issues and techniques related to cloud computing. It discusses common cloud security threats such as multi-tenancy, elasticity, insider and outsider attacks, loss of control, data loss, network attacks, malware injection, and flooding attacks. The document also outlines techniques for securing data in the cloud, including authentication, encryption, privacy, availability, and information management. Finally, it briefly discusses cloud computing security standards like SAML, OAuth, OpenID and SSL/TLS.
This document proposes a novel framework for dependable cloud computing. It discusses security risks associated with cloud computing including vulnerabilities, accessibility issues, authentication, data tampering and privacy concerns. The framework aims to address these issues by involving all stakeholders to securely store and transfer encrypted data between private clouds and cloud service providers. An encryption system was designed using Java programming to encrypt and decrypt data in transit to test the dependability of stored and transferred data from the cloud. The goal is to improve security techniques and build trust in cloud computing by preventing and detecting security flaws.
Cloud Security - Types, Common Threats & Tips To Mitigate.pdfDataSpace Academy
With businesses increasingly relying on the cloud, hackers are fast targeting cloud computing networks. There is an urgent need for robust cloud security measures to keep your network and data safe from prying eyes. The blog begins with a discussion on the significance of cloud security and types of cloud security. It also talks about the common threats faced by a cloud network. The blog further wraps up with a detailed list of the best security practices to follow to ensure a powerful security infrastructure for cloud networks.
IRJET- A Survey on SaaS-Attacks and Digital ForensicIRJET Journal
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information is available for on demand service users. Security issue in Cloud computing is the important and critical issues
because the resources are distributed. Both the Cloud provider and the cloud consumer should be fully sure that the cloud is safe
enough from all the external threats so that the customer does not face any kind of problem like loss or theft of their valua ble
data. There is also a possibility where a malicious user can penetrate the cloud by imitate an authorized user, and affect with a
virus to the entire cloud and affects many customers who are sharing the infected cloud. In this paper we firstly lists the
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Challenges and Mechanisms for Securing Data in Mobile Cloud Computingijcnes
Cloud computing enables users to utilize the services of computing resources. Now days computing resources in mobile applications are being delivered with cloud computing. As there is a growing need for new mobile applications, usage of cloud computing can not be overlooked. Cloud service providers offers the services for the data request in a remote server. Virtualization aspect of cloud computing in mobile applications felicitates better utilization of resources. The industry needs to address the foremost security risk in the underlying technology. The cloud computing environment in mobile applications aggravated with various security problems. This paper addresses challenges in securing data in cloud for mobile Cloud computing and few mechanisms to overcome.
Cloud computing is a new term to provide application and hardware as service over the internet. Demand for cloud has increased dramatically in recent years. However, a major drawback for cloud adoption is lack of security so that we will try to solve some security issues related to cloud storage by design and implement a secure system to store privet data in cloud storage. This secure system provide secure login to cloud by using third parity authentication (smart phone) and one time password depend on chaotic system to prevent unauthorized people from get access to cloud and modified AES algorithms to encrypt the data in the cloud storage.
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Seven deadly threats and vulnerabilities in cloud
1. Mervat Adib Bamiah* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 9, Issue No. 1, 087 - 090
Seven Deadly Threats and Vulnerabilities in Cloud
Computing
Mervat Adib Bamiah
Advanced Informatics School
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
mervatbamiah@yahoo.com
Keywords- Illegal access, Threats, Vulnerabilities
INTRODUCTION
IJ
A
I.
The traditional era of computing involves the use of
software, hardware and storage to achieve the required
computational service whereas cloud computing has isolated
the services from resources (networks, storage, servers). The
required services are provided to the users by utilizing the
resources of provider. Users are no longer required to
purchase hardware, software or to manage storages. Due the
evolution of this technology users are required to pay for
cloud services on consumption basis. New cloud based
business models are being discussed, defined, and
implemented as solutions in form of on-demand services that
allows businesses to enhance their efficiency and scalability.
Success or failure of this technology relies on users’ trust
whether the service provided is reliable, available and secure.
Considering the benefits of cloud computing various
organizations are moving towards IT solutions that are based
on cloud however, before starting the journey to cloud,
organizations must considers the possible threats and
vulnerabilities that may convert their dreams of enhancing
scalability and saving management cost into a nightmare of
data loss and misuse. The users must consider that cloud can
ISSN: 2230-7818
T
be rainy as well, in other words this technology is not
trustworthy as it is affected with threats and vulnerabilities.
We have termed a cloud with threats and vulnerabilities as a
stormy cloud. Based on Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) and
our research, we have identified top seven threats and
vulnerabilities that are the causes behind the creation of a
stormy cloud [1]. The identified threats and vulnerabilities are
ranked from top to bottom as shown in Fig.1.
ES
Abstract— Cloud computing has been developed to reduce IT
expenses and to provide agile IT services to individual users as
well as organizations. It moves computing and data away from
desktop and portable PCs into large data centers. This
technology gives the opportunity for more innovation in
lightweight smart devices and it forms an innovative method of
performing business. Cloud computing depends on the internet
as a medium for users to access the required services at any time
on pay-per-use pattern. However this technology is still in its
initial stages of development, as it suffers from threats and
vulnerabilities that prevent the users from trusting it. Various
malicious activities from illegal users have threatened this
technology such as data misuse, inflexible access control and
limited monitoring. The occurrence of these threats may result
into damaging or illegal access of critical and confidential data of
users. This research paper describes the characteristics (threats,
vulnerabilities) associated with a stormy cloud.
Sarfraz Nawaz Brohi
Advanced Informatics School
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
sarfraz_brohi@hotmail.com
Abuse and
Nefarious use of
Cloud
Session Riding
and Hijacking
STORMY CLOUD
Virtual Machine
Escape
Insecure
Interfaces and
APIs
Reliability and
Availability of
Service
Insecure
Cryptography
Vulnerabilities
Malicious Insider
Virtualized
Technology
Threats
Data Protection
and Portability
Data Loss or
Leakage
Vendor Lock-in
Account or
Service Hijacking
Internet
Dependency
Unknown Risk
Profile
Figure 1. Characteristics of stormy cloud.
In order to create awareness and protect the cloud users from
adopting a stormy cloud, we are describing the impacts of threats
and vulnerabilities in cloud computing so that organizations or
users can adopt this technology with trust and from a trusted
provider who has the powerful and trusted security polices as
well as efficient techniques for securing the users’ data on cloud.
@ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
Page 87
2. Mervat Adib Bamiah* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 9, Issue No. 1, 087 - 090
CLOUD COMPUTING THREATS
As we already mentioned, there are several significant
threats that should be considered before adopting the paradigm
of cloud computing, these threats are discribed as follows :
A. Abuse and Nefarious Use of Cloud
Cloud providers facilitate the users with various types of
services including unlimited bandwidth and storage capacity.
Some cloud service providers offer free limited trial periods
that gives an opportunity for hackers to access the cloud
immorally, their impact includes decoding and cracking of
passwords, launching potential attack points and executing
malicious commands. Spammers, malicious code authors and
other cybercriminals can conduct their activities with relative
impunity, as cloud service providers are targeted for their
weak registration systems and limited fraud detection
capabilities. For example some cybercriminals use rich
content applications such as flash files that enable them to
hide their malicious code and utilize users’ browsers to install
malware [1].
D. Virtualized Technology
Due to the cloud virtualization, cloud providers are residing
the user’s applications on virtual machines (VMs) within a
shared infrastructure. The VMs are virtualized based on the
physical hardware of cloud provider. In order to maintain the
security of users, providers are isolating the VMs from each
other so if any of them is malicious, it will not affect the other
VMs under the same provider. The VMs are managed by
hypervisor in order to provide virtual memory as well as CPU
scheduling policies to VMs. As the hypervisor is main source
of managing a virtualized cloud platform, hackers are
targeting it to access the VMs and the physical hardware,
because hypervisor resides between VMs and hardware [3], so
attack on hypervisor can damage the VMs and hardware.
Strong isolation should be employed to ensure that VMs are
not able to impact or access the operations of other users
running under the same cloud service provider. Several
vendors such as Xen and KVM are providing strong security
mechanisms of securing the cloud hypervisors, but still it is
identified that sometimes security of VMs is compromised.
E. Data Loss or Leakage
Data loss can occur due to operational failures, unreliable
data storage and inconsistent use of encryption keys.
Operational failure refers to deletion or alteration of records
without a backup of the original content that can take place
intentionally or unintentionally. Unreliable data storage refers
to saving of data on unreliable media that will be
unrecoverable if data is lost [4]. The inconsistent use of
encryption keys will result into loss and unauthorized accesses
of data by illegal users that will lead to the destruction of
sensitive and confidential information. Example of data loss
is Twitter hacks. The online accounts of Twitter accessed by
hackers and their numerous sensitive corporate documents
were stolen. These documents were housed in Google's online
web office service Google Docs. Although Google was not the
one to be blamed for security break-in as the security of
documents from twitter was not efficient enough. Instead, the
entire company data was only one password crack away from
discovery [5]. It’s clear from this example that data loss or
leakage can damage one’s brand, reputation and cause a loss
that may significantly impact employee, partner and users’
morale as well as trust. Loss of core intellectual property can
have competitive and financial implications beside the
compliance violations and legal consequences.
IJ
A
ES
B. Insecure Interfaces and APIs
Cloud users are using software interfaces and APIs to
access and manage the cloud services. These APIs need to be
secured because they play an integral part during provisioning,
management, orchestration and monitoring of the processes
running in a cloud environment. The security and availability
of cloud services is dependent upon the security of these APIs
so they should include features of authentication, access
control, encryption and activity monitoring. APIs must be
designed to protect against both accidental and malicious
attempts to avoid threats. If cloud service provider relies on
weak set of APIs, variety of security issues will be raised
related to confidentiality, integrity, availability and
accountability such as malicious or unidentified access, API
dependencies, limited monitoring/logging capabilities,
inflexible access controls, anonymous access, reusable
tokens/passwords and improper authorizations[1].
insider attacks can damage the financial value as well as brand
reputation of an organization.
T
II.
C.
Malicious Insider
Insider attacks can be performed by malicious employees at
the provider’s or user’s site. Malicious insider can steal the
confidential data of cloud users. This threat can break the trust
of cloud users on provider. A malicious insider can easily
obtain passwords, cryptographic keys and files. These attacks
may involve various types of fraud, damage or theft of
information and misuse of IT resources. The threat of
malicious attacks has increased due to lack of transparency in
cloud provider’s processes and procedures [2]. It means that a
provider may not reveal how employees are granted access and
how this access is monitored or how reports as well as policy
compliances are analyzed. Additionally, users have little
visibility about the hiring practices of their provider that could
open the door for an adversary, hackers or other cloud intruders
to steal confidential information or to take control over the
cloud. The level of access granted could enable attackers to
collect confidential data or to gain complete control over the
cloud services with little or no risk of detection. Malicious
ISSN: 2230-7818
F.
Account or Service Hijacking
Account or service hijacking refers to unauthorized access
gained by attackers to control the users’ accounts, such as
phishing, fraud and exploitation of software vulnerabilities.
For example if an attacker gains access to users’ credentials,
they can spy on their activities/transactions, manipulate their
data, return falsified information and redirect them to
illegitimate sites [6]. Users’ account or service instances may
become a new base for the attackers who can leverage the
@ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
Page 88
3. Mervat Adib Bamiah* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 9, Issue No. 1, 087 - 090
cloud service providers’ reputation by launching subsequent
attacks. With stolen credentials, attackers can often access
critical areas of deployed cloud computing services, allowing
them to compromise the confidentiality, integrity and
availability of those services. Authentication and authorization
through the use of roles and password protecting is a common
way to maintain access control when using web-browsers to
access cloud computing systems. However, this method is not
sufficient enough to secure sensitive and critical data.
G.
III.
CLOUD COMPUTING VULNERABILITIES
Figure 2. VM Escape.
It allows the attacker to access the host OS and all other
VMs running on that particular host. Hypervisors and VM’s
complexity may cause an increase threat to attack surface that
weakens security such as paging, check pointing and
migration of VMs [8].
ES
There are several significant vulnerabilities that should be
considered when an organization is ready to move their critical
applications and data to a cloud compuitng environment, these
vulnerabilities are discribed as follows :
T
Unknown Risk Profile
It is important for the users to know software versions,
security practices, code updates and intrusion attempts. While
adopting cloud computing services, these features and
functionality may be well advertised but what about the details
or compliance of the internal security procedures,
configuration hardening, patching, auditing and logging. Users
must be clarified how and where their data and related logs are
stored. However, there is no clear answer that leaves users
with an unknown risk profile that may include serious threats
[1].
the VM within the virtualized cloud environment.VM escape
is a vulnerability that enables a guest-level VM to attack its
host. Under this vulnerability an attacker runs code on a VM
that allows an OS running within it to break out and interact
directly with the hypervisor as shown in Fig.2 [8].
IJ
A
A. Session Riding and Hijacking
Session hijacking refers to use of a valid session key to gain
unauthorized access for the information or services residing on
a computer system, it also refers to theft of a cookie used to
authenticate a user to a remote server and it is relevant to web
application technologies weaknesses in the web application
structure at their disposal that gives the chance to hackers in
order to accomplish a wide variety of malicious activities.
While session riding refers to the hackers sending commands
to a web application on behalf of the targeted user by just
sending that user an email or tricking the user into visiting a
specially crafted website. Session riding deletes user data,
executes online transactions like bids or orders, sends spam to
an intranet system via internet and changes system as well as
network configurations or even opens the firewall [12].
However, the web technologies evolution and refinement also
brings new techniques that compromise sensitive data, provide
access to theoretically secure networks and pose threats to the
daily operation of online businesses.
B. Virtual Machine Escape
Cloud computing servers use the same OS, enterprise and
web applications as localized VMs and physical servers. The
ability for an attacker or malware to remotely exploit
vulnerabilities in these systems and applications is a
significant threat to virtualized cloud computing environments
[7]. In addition, co-location of multiple VMs increases the
attack surface and risk of VM-to-VM compromise. Intrusion
detection and prevention systems need to be able to detect
malicious activity at VM level, regardless of the location of
ISSN: 2230-7818
C. Reliability and Availability of Service
In terms of reliability and availability, cloud computing is
not a perfect technology. For-example in February 2008,
Amazon's Web Service (Amazons-S3) cloud storage
infrastructure went down for several hours, causing data loss
and access issues with multiple Web 2.0 services. With more
services being built on top of cloud computing infrastructures,
an outage or failure can create a domino effect
by taking down large amounts of Internet based services and
applications which raise several questions such as in cases of
failure, what forms of settlement exist for stakeholders? What
is the responsibility of cloud providers? What will be
appropriate procedures to overcome these issues? [9].
D. Insecure Cryptography
Attackers’ can decode any cryptographic mechanism or
algorithm as main methods to hack them are discovered. It’s
common to find crucial flaws in cryptographic algorithm
implementations, which can twist strong encryption into weak
encryption or sometimes no encryption at all. For example in
cloud virtualization providers uses virtualization software to
partition servers into images that are provided to the users as
on-demand services [10]. Although utilization of those VMs
into cloud providers' data centres provides more flexible and
efficient setup than traditional servers but they don't have
enough access to generate random numbers needed to properly
encrypt data. This is one of the fundamental problems of
cryptography. How do computers produce truly random
numbers that can't be guessed or replicated? In PCs, OS
@ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
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4. Mervat Adib Bamiah* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 9, Issue No. 1, 087 - 090
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The glory of accomplishing this research paper goes to our
parents for their moral support. We are also thankful to our
supervisor for encouraging us to write this research journal.
Finally, we are thankful to IJAEST for assisting us to review
this journal and providing us timely response.
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ES
E. Data Protection and Portability
Although the cloud services are offered based on a contract
among client and a provider but what will happen when the
contract is terminated and client doesn’t wants to continue
anymore. The question is, will the sensitive data of client be
deleted or misused by the provider. Secondly if the provider
went out of business due to any reason, what will happen to
the services and data of the client? Will the provider handout
the data of client to some other provider, if yes, will client
trust the new provider? Considering these questions we can
say that data protection and portability remains as one of main
weaknesses of cloud computing.
believe there is still tremendous opportunity for researchers to
make revolutionary contributions in this field and bring
significant impact of their development to the industry. There
is need to develop and design in-depth security techniques and
policies in terms of people, processes and technology. By
considering the contributions from several IT industries
worldwide, it’s obvious that cloud computing will be one of
the leading strategic and innovative technologies in the near
future.
T
typically monitors users' mouse movements and key strokes to
gather random bits of data that are collected in a so-called
Entropy Pool (a set of unpredictable numbers that encryption
software automatically pulls to generate random encryption
passkeys). In servers, one that don't have access to a keyboard
or mouse, random numbers are also pulled from the
unpredictable movements of the computer's hard drive. VMs
that act as physical machines but are simulated with software
have fewer sources of entropy. For example Linux-based
VMs, gather random numbers only from the exact millisecond
time on their internal clocks and that is not enough to generate
strong keys for encryption [11].
IJ
A
F. Vendor Lock-in
This vulnerability occurs due to immature providers and
new business models which raise the risk of failure and going
out of the business. Lock-in, makes a client dependent on a
provider for products and services so they will be unable to
deal with another provider without substantial switching costs.
Clients must be sure of their potential provider prior to
provider selection process. Lack of standards may also lock-in
the clients with only one provider. Due to heterogeneous
standards and policies settled by each provider, clients are not
able to easily migrate from one provider to another even
though they want to do so [13].
G. Internet Dependency
Cloud computing is an internet dependent technology where
users are accessing the services via web browser. What if
internet is not available or service is down, what will happen
to users systems and operations that are very critical and need
to run 24 hours such as Healthcare and Banking systems. In
some Asian and African underdeveloped countries where
service of internet is not considered as reliable enough, will
organizations adopt this paradigm to move their significant
systems on cloud?
IV.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
In this research paper we have discussed the characteristics
of a stormy cloud that contains threats and vulnerabilities.
Cloud computing has a dynamic nature that is flexible,
scalable and multi-shared with high capacity that gives an
innovative shape of carrying out business [14]. However,
beside these benefits there are seven deadly threats and
vulnerabilities encountered in this technology. Therefore, we
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[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
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