The OECD’s Regional Policy Network on Education and Skills aims to foster knowledge exchange in support of national growth and regional integration. The Network encourages a whole-of-government approach to formulating and implementing sound skills policies. It draws on the growing participation by Southeast Asian countries in the OECD’s education surveys and local job creation policy reviews, which provide valuable comparative data and analysis that can help countries in the region build more efficient and effective employment and skills systems.

1. Youth Employment Challenges and
Korean Government’s Solutions through
Work-Learning Dual Systems
Yoon-Ho Kim
HRD Center, KOREATECH
1
2015.10
Do-Hyung Kim
Director, Labor Market Policy Division
Ministry of Employment and Labor

2. 2
※ Statistics Korea, 2015.6
Hard-to-employ
Youth
Youth
unemployment
Youth time-related
underemployment
(<36hours/week)
Youth
inactivity
440.9K 60.5K 640.3K 1.16 million
Unemployed Youth 440.9 thousand
Youth unemployment rate 10.2%
Hard-to-employ Youth 1.16 million
Continuing the Challenges of Youth Employment
15-29 year-olds
15-64 year-olds
2.5 times
2.5 times of the overall unemployment rate

3. 3
 Labor mismatch in the market due to inadequate academic-oriented
education
 Too much cost in retraining new employees (USD 60,000 per)*
 For youth population, getting a good job is hard.
Mismatch in the labor market
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
25-34 25-64
Population that has attained tertiary education (%, 2011)
OECD Factbook 2014: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics - © OECD 05-05-2014
* Survey on the status of recruitment and retraining for newly hired employees by KEF(‘08)

4. Youth “Employment Cliff” is predicted
during the next 3-4 years.
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The government developed a comprehensive youth employment
package, which covers increasing jobs for youth, addressing skill
mismatches in the job market, and improving support.

5. 5
Increase Youth Employment
Public Sector
• Around 15,000 teaching jobs to be made available in 2016-2017 as the government
will accept more early retirements as many as 2,000 a year
• Gradually increase jobs for those teaching students with disabilities
• Around 10,000 nursing jobs to be added by 2017 with the introduction of total
patient care services at hospitals
• Steadily increase nurses at daycare centers
• Create a total of 4,500 civil service jobs with flexible hours by 2017
• As many as 8,000 young adults to find jobs at public institutions due to the peak wage
system
Private Sector
• Give tax incentives to companies for increasing permanent jobs for youth compared
to the previous year
• Provide wage support1 to companies hiring young employees through the peak wage
system or by reforming their wage systems
• Internships at promising SMEs to be increased to 50,000 a year, and the government
will revise support for these opportunities to lead to permanent employment
• Provide strengthened job training opportunities in promised areas to 50,000 job
seekers

6. 6
Address Skill Mismatches in the Job Market
Promote Industry-School Joint Training
• Students’ job finding performance to be looked at when evaluating Leaders in
Industry-University Cooperation (LINC)
• Continue to promote technical high schools, colleges and workplace training for
university students, in order to encourage work and learning dual systems
Restructure University Programs
 Restructure university programs to meet industrial demand and prepare for the
future
 Release 5 and 10 year labor force supply and demand outlooks by university major, in
order for universities to refer to the outlooks when restructuring their programs
 Finalize the plan for PRIME2 by the end of 2015, and provide up to 30 billion won in
support per university to accelerate restructuring
Promote Working in SMEs
• Provide better work environment including housing, transportation and childcare
services
• Increase opportunities for young SME employees to be enlisted as skilled industrial
personnel serving their military duty

7. Challenges of vocational education and
training in Korea (OECD recommendations)
• VET institutions often see themselves as having a largely
academic orientation but they are expected to provide job-
ready recruits for industry.
• School-industry partnerships are typically established to
satisfy the needs of local firms rather than to provide
broader occupation-specific and transferable skills.
• Workplace training is not systematically provided in VET
programmes and quality standards for workplace training are
weak.
OECD reviews of vocational education and training: Learning for Jobs (POINTERS FOR POLICY DEVELOPMENT), 2011, p. 37
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8. Work-learning Dual System
• Students have an opportunity to learn on and off
the site simultaneously.
• The quality standard is more rigorously built up
with the national competency standard(NCS).
2015_Introduction to HRDKorea and GIFTS(Work-Learning Dual System), https://gifts.hrdkorea.or.kr
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9. 9
Work-learning Dual System
Apprenticeship school
 Going back and forth between school(3days) and company(2days)
 Extending into all technical high school within 2017. Under consideration of including service sector (hotel…)
Uni-Tech (employment guarantee program )
 Application of dual enrollment program between colleges and tech. high school
Plans to select 16 demonstrative Uni-tech by the end of 2015
IPP (Industry Professional Practice)
13 universities in 2015 -> extending to 30% of total universities by 2017
KOREATECH
High
School
College
University
•Disseminate the dual systems to high schools, colleges and
universities
• Strengthen financial supports such as training program
development, training expenses

10. Why is Dual System needed?
2015_Introduction to HRDKorea and GIFTS(Work-Learning Dual System), https://gifts.hrdkorea.or.kr
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11. Operation of Dual System: Financial supports
2015_Introduction to HRDKorea and GIFTS(Work-Learning Dual System), https://gifts.hrdkorea.or.kr
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12. IPP(Industry Professional Practice)
in KOREATECH: Introduction
• A new industrial-academic training for solving the employment problem of the young
generation which resulted from hiring mismatches by universities and companies.
• Work and Study in Parallel System is a Korean apprenticeship that KOREATECH has
had since 2012.
• Helping students to have business practice experiences and employment capabilities
• The programs are designed with the NCS (national competence standard) based S-
OJT.
• During IPP program, 3rd and 4th graders are sent to the companies which have made
agreements with KOREATECH and work for 4 to 10 months.
• Students may acquire up to 15 credits with some allowances (IPP scholarship)
Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
semester Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter
A-Track - Lecture Lecture IPP
4-month
IPP
2-month
Lecture Lecture IPP
4-month
-
B-Track Lecture IPP
4-month
IPP
2-month
Lecture Lecture IPP
4-month
- Lecture -
An illustration of IPP educational system
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13. IPP(Industry Professional Practice)
in KOREATECH: Performance
Global IPPDomestic IPP
FirmsStudents
StudentsCountries
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14. IPP(Industry Professional Practice)
in KOREATECH: Outcomes
For Students For Companies
 Improving job-specific skills
 Improving human relations skills
 Establishing their career plan
 Obtaining economic income
 Acquiring a stable workforce
 Pre-employment screening
 Utilizing the employee effectively
 Saving on training costs
KOREATECH
Ranked No.1 in the graduate employment rate of all four-year
universities nationwide by the Ministry of Education & Science
Technology (2014)
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