The document outlines a framework for developing financing solutions to support Indonesia's industrial sectors' transition to net-zero emissions by 2060. It proposes engaging stakeholders to select a focus area, researching its current situation, identifying business cases and projects, and developing market and financing solutions to address barriers. The cement and steel sectors are identified as strategic areas due to their emissions and importance to Indonesia's economy. The framework aims to support the country in achieving its climate goals through facilitating private investment in low-carbon technologies and international cooperation.
Green Industry Policy in support of Net-Zero Emission achievements: Astika An...OECD Environment
"Challenges and best practices in financing to accelerate industry decarbonisation", OECD Series of Webinars on low carbon hydrogen and industry decarbonisation, 14 June 2023
Sri Lanka- Prioritised mitigation options in the third national communication...Maxwell Ranasinghe
This document summarizes Sri Lanka's mitigation assessment and options presented in its Third National Communication to the UNFCCC. It identifies the electricity generation, transport, and industry sectors as top contributors to GHG emissions. Mitigation scenarios are developed for each sector out to 2030 based on UNFCCC methodology. Key mitigation options include increasing renewable energy and energy efficiency, promoting public transport and electric vehicles, fuel switching and cleaner production in industry, and waste diversion through composting and waste-to-energy. Significant GHG reductions of 8,000 to 2,100 Gg CO2eq are projected from electricity, transport, and industry mitigation measures respectively by 2030 compared to baseline scenarios.
Jobs Potential of a Transition to a Circular Economy - presentation by Eleono...OECD Environment
This document summarizes the findings of an OECD analysis on the potential jobs impact of transitioning to a circular economy. The analysis uses an economic model to compare a "business as usual" baseline scenario to a "Material Fiscal Reform" scenario that implements taxes on resource extraction and subsidies for recycling and secondary metal production. The model projects that this circular policy package could reduce global material use by 17-40% by 2040 while creating around 10 million new jobs and eliminating around 8 million jobs, resulting in limited overall employment impacts but significant job reallocation across sectors.
Item 3, presentation by Peline Atamer (OECD) on OECD work on industry decarbonisation
and planned activities in the frame of Sustainable Infrastructure Programme in Asia (SIPA) during the GREEN Action Task Force Annual Meeting 2023.
BRIEFING NOTE: ELECTRIFICATION OF TOP-PERFORMING INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADUAurovilleConsulting
Tamil Nadu is one of the most industrialised states in India and accounted for 9.47% of India’s GDP in FY 2020-21. Tamil Nadu aspires to be a leading export state in India at a time when more countries are proposing Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). CBAM includes the introduction of a carbon price on certain products imported into the European Union (EU). This will put restrictions at the borders of the EU on goods produced with carbon and Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). As per an assessment of the World Bank, many countries are considering setting a carbon price in the years to come. Tamil Nadu could be exporting its finished goods to a few of those countries in the future. For the exported goods from Tamil Nadu to be regulation-proof, it is important to decarbonise the production. The first step towards decarbonisation is the electrification of the processes in the industries. This briefing note explores the potential for the electrification of some of the processes in the top-performing (in terms of contribution to the State’s GDP) industrial sectors of Tamil Nadu.
Green Industry Policy in support of Net-Zero Emission achievements: Astika An...OECD Environment
"Challenges and best practices in financing to accelerate industry decarbonisation", OECD Series of Webinars on low carbon hydrogen and industry decarbonisation, 14 June 2023
Sri Lanka- Prioritised mitigation options in the third national communication...Maxwell Ranasinghe
This document summarizes Sri Lanka's mitigation assessment and options presented in its Third National Communication to the UNFCCC. It identifies the electricity generation, transport, and industry sectors as top contributors to GHG emissions. Mitigation scenarios are developed for each sector out to 2030 based on UNFCCC methodology. Key mitigation options include increasing renewable energy and energy efficiency, promoting public transport and electric vehicles, fuel switching and cleaner production in industry, and waste diversion through composting and waste-to-energy. Significant GHG reductions of 8,000 to 2,100 Gg CO2eq are projected from electricity, transport, and industry mitigation measures respectively by 2030 compared to baseline scenarios.
Jobs Potential of a Transition to a Circular Economy - presentation by Eleono...OECD Environment
This document summarizes the findings of an OECD analysis on the potential jobs impact of transitioning to a circular economy. The analysis uses an economic model to compare a "business as usual" baseline scenario to a "Material Fiscal Reform" scenario that implements taxes on resource extraction and subsidies for recycling and secondary metal production. The model projects that this circular policy package could reduce global material use by 17-40% by 2040 while creating around 10 million new jobs and eliminating around 8 million jobs, resulting in limited overall employment impacts but significant job reallocation across sectors.
Item 3, presentation by Peline Atamer (OECD) on OECD work on industry decarbonisation
and planned activities in the frame of Sustainable Infrastructure Programme in Asia (SIPA) during the GREEN Action Task Force Annual Meeting 2023.
BRIEFING NOTE: ELECTRIFICATION OF TOP-PERFORMING INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADUAurovilleConsulting
Tamil Nadu is one of the most industrialised states in India and accounted for 9.47% of India’s GDP in FY 2020-21. Tamil Nadu aspires to be a leading export state in India at a time when more countries are proposing Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). CBAM includes the introduction of a carbon price on certain products imported into the European Union (EU). This will put restrictions at the borders of the EU on goods produced with carbon and Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). As per an assessment of the World Bank, many countries are considering setting a carbon price in the years to come. Tamil Nadu could be exporting its finished goods to a few of those countries in the future. For the exported goods from Tamil Nadu to be regulation-proof, it is important to decarbonise the production. The first step towards decarbonisation is the electrification of the processes in the industries. This briefing note explores the potential for the electrification of some of the processes in the top-performing (in terms of contribution to the State’s GDP) industrial sectors of Tamil Nadu.
The framework is a 5-step guide to help emerging economies transition industry to net-zero emissions. It involves engaging stakeholders, researching current policies and technologies, assessing business cases and projects to close emissions gaps, developing market and financing solutions, and disseminating outcomes. The goal is to understand country priorities and develop bankable projects and innovative financing to scale up low-carbon investments 5-fold for achieving net-zero industry.
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Climate, Growth and Infrastructure:Where to fr...OECD Environment
1) Boosting economic growth does not require locking the world into a high-emissions future if pro-growth reforms are combined with coherent climate policy and alignment across the economy.
2) More ambitious climate policies will not harm growth and the combined actions of climate policies and economic reform still deliver net GDP increase in the long run.
3) Getting investment flowing into infrastructure for a low-carbon future requires a 10% increase in spending, offset by $1.6 trillion in annual fossil fuel savings, to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement.
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Transparency of reporting in technology support...OECD Environment
1. Costa Rica is working to improve its greenhouse gas emissions measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) and projection capacities to support long-term planning for decarbonization.
2. Costa Rica will be launching its long-term strategy and investing in models like TIMES, OSMOSIS, and LEAP to identify cost-effective technologies for transitioning to a low-carbon economy.
3. Long-term planning in Costa Rica includes national development plans, strategic sector plans, regional development plans, and land use plans that define goals and actions at the national, regional, and local levels to achieve long-term
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Climate, Growth and Infrastructure: Where to fr...OECD Environment
1) Boosting economic growth does not require locking the world into a high-emissions future if pro-growth reforms are combined with coherent climate policy and alignment across the economy.
2) More ambitious climate policies will not harm growth and the combined actions of climate policies and economic reform still deliver net GDP increase in the long run.
3) Getting investment flowing into climate solutions requires a 10% increase in infrastructure spending, offset by $1.6 trillion in annual fossil fuel savings, to achieve a well-below 2 degree scenario.
1) The document discusses a public-private roundtable on developing green hydrogen production in Mongolia for sustainable infrastructure.
2) Mongolia has opportunities to develop green hydrogen from its renewable energy potential but faces challenges around infrastructure, technology, and ensuring additionality of emissions reductions.
3) The roundtable aims to increase knowledge of green hydrogen projects in Mongolia, relevant policies, international experience, opportunities and challenges, and establish an ongoing public-private dialogue on developing a vision for a green hydrogen sector.
CarbonFit: An Application to Monitor and Calculate Carbon FootprintIRJET Journal
This document describes an application called CarbonFit that aims to educate people about their carbon footprint and ways to reduce it. CarbonFit calculates a user's total annual carbon footprint in tons of CO2 based on inputs about transportation, food, electricity usage, LPG consumption, and waste production. It provides alternatives to lower high-impact activities and allows users to offset their remaining footprint. The application was created using NodeJS, MongoDB, and Pytorch and calculates footprints using emission factors specific to India. It seeks to increase awareness of individual contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and motivate changes to daily habits and choices to reduce environmental impact.
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Transparency of reporting in technology support...OECD Environment
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Industry2009 IEA roadmaps energy and steel aluminum chemicals cement biomass ...Steve Wittrig
This document provides an overview and analysis of energy use and CO2 emissions from major industrial sectors. It finds that applying best available technologies could reduce industrial energy use by 20-30% globally. However, demand for industrial materials is projected to double or triple by 2050, so additional new low-carbon technologies will be needed to reduce emissions. The report examines technology options and transition paths for key sectors like iron and steel, cement, chemicals and aluminum to identify promising new technologies. It also discusses policy and investment needs to bring about a transition to lower carbon industry.
The document discusses technology solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate security goals. It finds that while the technologies needed to meet emissions reduction targets by 2020 are already proven, greater investment is required to develop technologies like carbon capture and storage that will be critical for deeper long-term cuts by 2050. International cooperation via mechanisms established at Copenhagen will be important to accelerate technology deployment, drive costs down, and support developing countries in adopting low-carbon solutions. Overall, the solutions are achievable but will require concerted global effort across technology development, demonstration, and diffusion.
This document provides a roadmap and technology strategy for green chemical technology in the UK out to 2025. It identifies trends driving the chemical industry to become more sustainable and outlines eight key technology areas that can help address these trends, such as green product design, novel reactions, and separation technology. The roadmap analyzes opportunities within each technology area and notes which are ready for implementation and which need further development. It prioritizes actions like exploiting existing technologies, developing complete technology packages for industry, and demonstrating the business case for green chemical technologies. The roadmap concludes with key messages for government, industry, and academia to work together to realize the economic, social and environmental benefits of this strategy.
IEF programme theme #2 Just & Affordable Clean Energy_20230214.pptxTEPBLEMIGAS
This document outlines the IEF's Strategic Programme Document, which aims to provide accountability, guidance, and an umbrella for IEF programs. It discusses developing the document using a top-down and bottom-up approach based on national policies and stakeholder input. The document then outlines 4 thematic programs on clean energy: renewable energy generation; low-emission transportation; low-emission industry; and green buildings and appliances. Each program discusses objectives, indicative activities, and calls for input on classification, gender mainstreaming, and result indicators. The overall aim is to increase renewable energy and energy efficiency to meet Indonesia's NDC and SDG targets on emissions reduction.
In a joint effort, CDP, the UN Global Compact, WRI and WWF launched the Science Based Targets initiative to engage companies in setting ambitious GHG reduction targets as a response to the urgent call of the IPCC to decarbonize the economy. Ecofys was commissioned as consultancy partner to support the development of a new methodology to guide companies in setting science-based targets.
In this webinar Giel Linthorst will present the developed methodology, called the Sectoral Decarbonization Approach (SDA). Next to this, he will also present the results of applying this SDA-methodology to various multinational companies and highlight some specific cases.
This document discusses Thailand's plans and actions to mitigate climate change through reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It provides background on climate change data and international agreements like the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement. Thailand has pledged to reduce emissions 7-20% below business as usual by 2020 and 20-25% by 2030, using renewable energy, energy efficiency and other measures. The document outlines Thailand's emissions trading schemes, including the voluntary T-VER and T-VETS programs to generate carbon credits and pilot cap-and-trade for industries. It aims to test measurement, reporting, verification and carbon market frameworks to support achieving Thailand's emission reduction targets.
The purpose of this slide is to explore the significance of introducing a carbon pricing
policy to Malaysia and to evaluate its potential role in supporting the country's efforts towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their corresponding targets. By examining the implications of carbon pricing from an economic, environmental, and social perspective, this assignment will determine how a carbon pricing policy could help Malaysia reach its SDG objectives more effectively and efficiently.
Best practice indicators at the sectoral level and where countries standNewClimate Institute
This document discusses best practice indicators for decarbonization at the sectoral level. It presents an overview of a comprehensive list of 35 indicators across 5 sectors plus sub-sectors. The document then provides examples of defining best practice for electricity emission intensity and transport road emission intensity. Countries are identified that best represent current best practice for these indicators. The document concludes that sectoral indicators allow identification of decarbonization trends not apparent at the macro level and help understand drivers of emissions pathways.
OECD Workshop on Regional Trade Agreements and the Environment Session - 2.2 ...OECD Environment
This workshop focused on key issues related to Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) and the environment. It had three main objectives: (i) to take stock of current experience and insights on RTAs and the environment from different stakeholders, and to establish a stakeholder dialogue on this topic; (ii) to investigate how RTAs can serve as a vehicle to advance a resource efficient and circular economy transition; and (iii) to explore the potential of RTAs in addressing the nexus of illegal trade and environmental crime
An Outline of the EBRD’s Approach to the Water Sector.pdfOECD Environment
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by David Tyler, Associate Director – Head of PPI Unit, Sustainable Infrastructure Group, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Financing River Basin Management Planning in RomaniaOECD Environment
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Gheorghe Constantin, Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests of Romania
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1. Costa Rica is working to improve its greenhouse gas emissions measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) and projection capacities to support long-term planning for decarbonization.
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CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Climate, Growth and Infrastructure: Where to fr...OECD Environment
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2) More ambitious climate policies will not harm growth and the combined actions of climate policies and economic reform still deliver net GDP increase in the long run.
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1) The document discusses a public-private roundtable on developing green hydrogen production in Mongolia for sustainable infrastructure.
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CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Transparency of reporting in technology support...OECD Environment
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Transparency of reporting in technology support received and needed, general ideas from the Costa Rican caseby Andrea Meza
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This document provides an overview and analysis of energy use and CO2 emissions from major industrial sectors. It finds that applying best available technologies could reduce industrial energy use by 20-30% globally. However, demand for industrial materials is projected to double or triple by 2050, so additional new low-carbon technologies will be needed to reduce emissions. The report examines technology options and transition paths for key sectors like iron and steel, cement, chemicals and aluminum to identify promising new technologies. It also discusses policy and investment needs to bring about a transition to lower carbon industry.
The document discusses technology solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate security goals. It finds that while the technologies needed to meet emissions reduction targets by 2020 are already proven, greater investment is required to develop technologies like carbon capture and storage that will be critical for deeper long-term cuts by 2050. International cooperation via mechanisms established at Copenhagen will be important to accelerate technology deployment, drive costs down, and support developing countries in adopting low-carbon solutions. Overall, the solutions are achievable but will require concerted global effort across technology development, demonstration, and diffusion.
This document provides a roadmap and technology strategy for green chemical technology in the UK out to 2025. It identifies trends driving the chemical industry to become more sustainable and outlines eight key technology areas that can help address these trends, such as green product design, novel reactions, and separation technology. The roadmap analyzes opportunities within each technology area and notes which are ready for implementation and which need further development. It prioritizes actions like exploiting existing technologies, developing complete technology packages for industry, and demonstrating the business case for green chemical technologies. The roadmap concludes with key messages for government, industry, and academia to work together to realize the economic, social and environmental benefits of this strategy.
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Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.com
Session 7a: Part II -Decarbonising industry - Hakimul Batih-CEFIM
1. FRAMEWORK FOR INDUSTRY’S
NET-ZERO TRANSITION
1
8 March 2023
Hakimul Batih
Indonesia CEFIM
Programme
Representative
Developing financing solutions in emerging and developing
economies
2. Solutions for a net-zero transition requires
understanding of industry / country considerations
Technology
transfer & R&D
Carbon
Markets
Asset
stranding
High costs of
transition &
competitiveness
A flexible approach is
needed to develop
solutions that encompass
many considerations for
emerging and developing
economies
• Improving enabling market
conditions
• Financing
3. Min. of Industry
Min. of Finance
Min. of Energy
Min. of Environment
Min. of Planning
Other government
Financial regulator
…
Motors
Cement
…
MSMEs
Clusters
Iron / steel
…
Heavy
industry
Supply
chains
R&D
Tech.
transfer
Assets
Key stakeholders and Framework’s 3 Pillars
Develop financing
solutions for a
pipeline of bankable
projects
Solutions to improve
the enabling market
conditions
Support international
dialogue by sharing of
best practices
Understanding benefits &
risks of industry’s low-
carbon transition
2. Implementation Outcomes 3. Framework benefits
1. Focus Area
Finance
institutions
Policy
makers
Energy system
and
infrastructures
Regulation, target setting
Implementation, reporting
Industry
4. The Framework is a step-by-step guide
on how to approach industry transition
Deliverables
Activities
Step 1
Stakeholder Engagement
and Focus Area
Step 2
Background Research
Step 3
Business Cases and
Pipeline of Projects
Step 4
Market and Financing
Solutions
Step 5
Disseminate Framework
outcomes
Pillar 1
Focus Area
Pillar 2
Implementation Outcomes
Pillar 3
Framework Benefits
Report:
Country status
and Focus Area
Slide deck:
pathway,
projects,
business cases
Market &
Financing
solutions
Policy
brief(s)
Use cases
Bilateral meetings
Workshops
Desktop Research
Workshops
In-house
analysis
Plenary
session
Workshops
Consultations
Plenary
session
Meetings and
conferences
Website
communication
Envisaged Framework implementation period: around 12 months
5. 5
Overview of Pillar 1: Focus Area
Steps 1 and 2
Engage with the OECD CEFIM programme
counterpart
Identify and understand the stakeholder groups’
priorities
Agree on the Focus Area
1.1
1.2
1.3
Set up a Steering Committee and
prepare Terms of Reference and work plan
1.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
Desktop research on current status of
technology, policy and financing
Regulatory, policy, financial and business status
Inform Step 1 to confirm the Focus Area
6. 6
Overview of Pillar 2: Implementation Outcomes
Step 3: Business Cases and Pipeline of Projects
Evaluate business cases and identify
a pipeline of projects and financing needs
Assess investment needs
Choose a net zero pathway for the Focus Area
Choose a Current Policies scenario as a reference
3.1
3.2
3.3 3.4
Technology solutions
to close the transition gap:
• Energy efficiency
• Direct use of renewables
• Switching to low-carbon fuels
and feedstocks
• Circular economy
• CCUS
Investment needs for the technology
solutions
Based on quantification of technology
solutions (how many tons of low-carbon
fuels, % of recycling, ...)
2020 2050
2030 2040
Emissions of
Focus Area
[Mt CO2/yr]
Current policies
scenario
Net-zero
transition pathway
Choice of scenario/pathway
based on existing analyses for the
Focus area
Business Cases and pipeline of
projects
Based on a subset of technology
solutions consistent with the net-
zero transition pathway
Selection of relevant technologies
and projects:
• Technical parameters
• Economic parameters (CAPEX,
market prices, …)
• Selection of indicators and
metrics (Internal Rate of Return,
public money spend…)
7. 7
Overview of Pillar 2: Implementation Outcomes
Step 4: Market and financing solutions
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.5
Agree on a monitoring and evaluation
mechanism
Identify financing gaps in the available financing
instruments
Match low-carbon projects and financing
solutions
Establish the financing and market barriers
Develop market enabling solutions
4.2 Develop financing solutions
Analysis of gaps and barriers
Based on extended desktop research and
work with stakeholders, supported by
output of business cases in Step 3
Internal Rate of Return
[ % ]
Low-carbon Conventional
Development of solutions
Based on policy toolboxes and
workshops with stakeholder groups;
covering the capital and the operation
and maintenance costs
Internal Rate of Return
[ % ]
Low-carbon Conventional
Matching of solutions with projects
Based on quantitative KPIs (required
financing, CO2 improvement, ...)
Definition of country-level mechanisms
for monitoring and evaluation
Policy maker Industry
Finance institutions
8. Contributing to broader energy, climate and financing
policy dialogue and international cooperation
3. Framework
benefits
Framework
for
Industry’s
net-zero
Transition
Country
priorities
Market &
Financing
solutions
Trade
Industry
Value
Chain
Net-Zero
Pathway
Just
Transition
Carbon
markets
Technology &
Digitalisation
Transition
finance
Blended
finance
Emissions
tracking &
ESG
Projects
develop
ment
Standards &
certification
Finance institutions
Industry
Policy makers
CEFIM
coordination
of the
Framework
Stakeholder groups
September 2022:
Framework
launch
2022-2024:
Indonesia
& Thailand
Timeline
Engage new
countries: Egypt,
India, South Africa and
others
9. • In 2022 the Government of Indonesia pledged to reduce emissions from 2020-2030 by 31.89%
(unconditionally) up to 43.20% (conditionally) against the 2030 business as usual (BAU) scenario.
• 6 strategic steps identified in MEMR's Roadmap for NZE 2060 for the industry sector:
9
Introduction
Nationally Determined Contribution & Net-zero Emission
Fuel switch
Energy
efficiency
Electrification in
industry
Hydrogen Biomass
Carbon Capture
and Storage
(CCS)
• Electricity share
increase from
24% in 2020 to
51% in 2060
• Reduce coal
share from 33%
in 2020 to 7% in
2060
• Reduce natural
gas share from
27% in 2020 to
15% in 2060
• Reduce
specific energy
consumption of
equipment by
50-60% by
2060
• For low
temperature
processes (e.g.,
food &
beverage,
textile,
electronic
devices),
assuming 55%
electrification
in 2060
• Replace fossil
natural gas by
green
hydrogen in
high-
temperature
processes from
2036
• Replace fossil
fuels with
biomass in
high-
temperature
processes,
especially in
the cement
industry
• Use CCS in the
cement and steel
sectors starting
from 2036
• Potential to
reduce 13 million
tons CO2
emissions from
the use of coal
and gas in these
sectors..
10. 10
Introduction
Energy mix outlook for industry in Indonesia
September 2022: Energy Sector Roadmap to
net zero emissions by 2060 in Indonesia by
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
(MEMR) and the International Energy Agency
(IEA)
Based on the IEA’s Announced Pledges
Scenario (APS), with net zero emissions in
Indonesia by 2060
Accelerated scenario: Net Zero Emissions by
2050 (NZE)
Decarbonisation solutions vary for each
industry subsector
Source: IEA, 2022
11. 11
Introduction
Focus Area selection: underlying questions
Role of industry subsectors decarbonisation
to achieve Indonesia’s energy/climate goals?
Which sectors will benefit from the “market”
and “financing” solutions that the OECD
Framework offers?
What is the outlook of industry towards
decarbonization: which subsectors face the
highest urgency and biggest challenges?
What are the strategic industry subsectors
for Indonesia’s economy and society?
12. Breakdown by industry sub-sectors [%] (2016)
12
Contribution to Gross Domestic Product
Manufacturing industry: 20% of Indonesia’s GDP in 2020
Food and beverages,
32.8%
Tobacco products , 5.2%
Textile and apparel,
6.4%
Paper and paper
products, 4.0%
Chemical and pharmacy,
9.9%
Rubber and plastics, 3.5%
Non-metallic
mineral, 3.9%
Basic metal, 4.0%
Fabricated
metal, 10.7%
Transport equipment,
10.5%
Furniture, 1.4%
Wood products, 3.6%
Machinery and
equipment, 1.8%
Source: UNDP, 2018
13. [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
19 Products from Coal and Petroleum Refinery
33 Repair and Installation for Machines and Equipment
28 Machines and Equipment That Cannot Be Classified Elsewhere
21 Pharmaceuticals, Chemical Medicinal Products and Traditional Medicines
30 Other Transport Equipment
18 Printing and Reproduction of Recording Media
26 Computers, Electronic and Optical Goods
27 Electrical Equipment
17 Paper and Paper Goods
24 Metal Base
11 Beverage
29 Motorized Vehicles, Trailers and Semi Trailers
20 Chemicals and Articles of Chemicals
31 Furniture
25 Metal Goods, Not Machinery and Equipment
22 Rubber, Rubber and Plastic Products
32 Other Manufacturing
15 Leather and Leather Goods and Footwear
12 Tobacco Processing
23 Non-Metal Excavated Goods
13 Textile
16 Wood, Wood and Cork Products Excluding Furniture and Woven Products…
14 Apparel
10 Food
0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000
Total Workers by subsector in 2020 (2-digit ISIC)
13
Employment structure varies widely according to the
industry subsector considered
Source: BPS, 2022
Ratio of
the workers in large and medium
companies
to the total number of workers
Number of workers
Sectors dominated by large
and medium companies
Large and medium
companies:
annual revenue
above
IDR 2.5 billion
(USD ~155,000)
14. -
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
45,000,000
50,000,000
Chemicals Fuels Mach and
Elec
Metals Minerals Plastic or
Rubber
Stone and
Glass
Textiles
and
Clothing
Food Wood,
Pulp and
Paper
14
Export/Trade: Indonesia had a neutral balance of payments
in 2016-2020, turning positive to USD 34 bln in 2021
Trade flows of the main industrial sectors in Indonesia, in 1000 US Dollars, 2019
Source: Government of Indonesia, 2021
Main contributor to trade balance
Ferro-nickel
and
Stainless steel
Copper ores
and
concentrates
Natural
rubber and
gums
Coal, briquettes,
lignite
Plywood, chemical
wood pulp and
uncoated paper
Palm oil,
coconut, palm
kernel
15. 15
Total final energy consumption of the industry sector
Total final energy consumption of industrial subsectors, in
Mtoe/y, 2000-2019
Caveat: Based on OECD/IEA data, almost half of the energy
consumption of the industry is not allocated to a specific
subsector.
Note: Mtoe = million tonnes of oil equivalent
Source: OECD, 2022
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Non-energy use
Industry not
elsewhere specified
Textile and leather
Wood and wood
products
"Paper, pulp and
printing"
Food and tobacco
Machinery
Transport equipment
Non-metallic
minerals
Non-ferrous metals
Chemical and
petrochemical
Iron and steel
Construction
Mining and
quarrying
Total final consumption [Mtoe/year]
Total final energy consumption of the industry sector by
energy source (left axis, in %) and total in Mtoe/y (labels)
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Coal Gas Oil Biomass and waste Electricity District heat
Total final energy consumption [Mtoe/year]
16. 16
CO2 emissions breakdown by industry subsectors
284 Mt CO2e in 2019
Contributions of subsectors of the manufacturing industry to the GHG emissions, 2019
b) Industrial Process and Product Use: 58 Mt CO2-eq/yr
Source: Government of Indonesia, 2021
Iron and
Steel, 18.4%
Chemical,
7.7%
Pulp, Paper,
and Print,
9.5%
Food
Processing,
Beverages,
and Tobacco,
10.4%
Non-
Metallic
Mineral
Industry,
14.9%
Non-specified
Industry,
39.0%
Cement
production,
51.8%
Ammonia
production,
16.7%
Iron & Steel
production,
11.9%
Paraffin
wax use,
6.7%
Others,
12.9%
a) Energy-related emissions: 136 Mt CO2-eq/yr
c) 30% of electricity generation: 90 Mt CO2-eq/yr
e
17. 17
Scenario analysis
Industry sector energy use and CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions reach a peak around 2030 in a net-zero scenario. The majority of CO2 emissions are energy-related
in the next decades.
As renewable electricity develops in a net-zero scenario, the relative share of industry emissions increases.
CO2 emissions by sector in a net-zero emission pathway
Source: MEMR's Roadmap for NZE 2060 (modeling result)
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Electricity Industry Transportation
Buildings Total Energy
Energy-related CO2 emissions breakdown
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Mt CO2-eq /
yr
Waste Industrial Processes and Product Use
Agriculture Energy
Food and Land Use Net emissions
18. [CELLRAN
GE]
[CELLRAN
GE]
[CELLRAN
GE]
[CELLRAN
GE]
[CELLRAN
GE]
[CELLRAN
GE]
[CELLRAN
GE]
-5
0
18
Strategic matrices of sectors
Strategic matrix – Economic and social criteria
Bubble size:
% of fossil fuels
in subsector
energy
consumption
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
2
20
30000 600000
Strategic matrix – Environment criteria
GDP
Contribution
(%
of
GDP)
Number of employees High
Low
Low
High
Bubble size
Trade balance
(USD)
Blue: Positive
Orange: Negative
High
Low
Low
High
Energy use
(Mtoe)
GHG
emissions
(Mt
CO
2
)
Caveat: all bubbles have the same size, because in the OECD/IEA
data, the share of fossil fuels is 100% for every industry sector
19. 19
Discussion for Focus Area selection
• Which subsectors combine a strategic importance for Indonesia’s economic and
social indicators and are large emitters of CO2?
• Which subsectors will need to transform their industrial processes to achieve the
country’s objective of net-zero emissions?
• Which technology or fuel switch could have the highest impact to reduce CO2
emissions?
• Which sectors, technology and low-carbon fuels face barriers to finance investments
in projects consistent with a net-zero pathway?
20. 20
Please visit our webpage:
www.oecd.org/cefim/
For more information, please contact:
Hakimul Batih
Hakimul.BATIH@oecd.org
Joseph Cordonnier
Joseph.CORDONNIER@oecd.org
Editor's Notes
Worldwide, the manufacturing industry contributes to 16% of the global GDP.
In ASEAN countries, this indicator ranges between 8% in Lao PDR and 26% in Thailand.
The manufacturing industry contributed to 20% of Indonesia’s GDP in 2020.
In 2016, food and beverages was the industry sub-sector that contributed the most to GDP.
Energy-intensive industries such as chemical, basic metal, non-metallic mineral account to 3-9% of the GDP.
In addition to manufacturing, mining and quarrying contributed to 6-10% of GDP over the last years.
Indonesia had a close to neutral balance of payments over 2016-2020.
Since 2020, the balance of payments improved, reaching a 2021 surplus of USD 34 bln, driven by the non-oil and gas activities.
At high-level, fuels are the main contributors from the industry to the positive trade balance.
At lower granularity, the main contributors are:
In food products: Palm oil, coconut, palm kernel, ...
In minerals: copper ores and concentrates
In fuels: coal, briquettes and lignite
In rubber and plastics: natural rubber and gums
In metals: ferro-nickel and stainless steel
In wood: plywood, chemical wood pulp and uncoated paper
Today, the industry sector accounts for more than 40% of final energy consumption in Indonesia
It corresponds to more than half of CO2 emissions from the three main end‐use sectors – industry, transport and buildings.
Non-metallic minerals and Iron and steel are the two sectors consuming the most energy.
Caveat: Based on OECD/IEA data, almost half of the energy consumption of the industry is not allocated to a specific subsector.
Most of the industry subsectors rely on different fossil fuels:
Non-metallic minerals, iron and steel and pulp and paper rely mainly on coal.
Textile and leather and food and tobacco rely mainly on oil.
Chemical and petrochemical rely mainly on gas
Caveat: Based on OECD/IEA data, almost half of the energy consumption of the industry is not allocated to a specific subsector. In particular, all biomass and waste and electricity consumptions are not allocated.
E.g., we expect that Pulp and Paper industry consumes a significant share of biomass, and that Iron and Steel industry consumes a significant share of electricity.
Evolution: The recent development of Blast Furnaces in Iron and Steel sector may increase coal consumption for non-energy use
The sectors contributing the most to Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in Indonesia are dominated by CO2 emissions.
Industrial Process and Product Use (58 Mt CO2e): Cement production (30 Mt CO2e), followed by ammonia and iron and steel production, is the major contributor.
For energy-related emissions of the manufacturing industry (136 Mt CO2e), the main contributors are Iron and Steel (25 Mt CO2e) and Non-Metallic Mineral Industry (20 Mt CO2e).
Electricity generation is responsible for additional 274 Mt CO2e, out of which 30%, i.e. 90 Mt CO2e, can be allocated to the industry
Caveat: data not allocated to industry subsector as per OECD/IEA data.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and the International Energy Agency (IEA) have been working on an Energy Sector Roadmap to net zero emissions by 2060 in Indonesia. The report was released in September 2022.
The analysis is centred on the IEA’s Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), in which Indonesia reaches net zero emissions on an economy‐wide basis by 2060. The report also develops an accelerated scenario, the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE).
CO2 emissions reach a peak around 2030 in a net-zero scenario. The majority of CO2 emissions are energy-related in the next decades.
As renewable electricity develops in a net-zero scenario, the relative share of industry emissions increases.