This document outlines an approach called Life Cycle Design (LCD) that designers can take to address environmental issues throughout a product's life cycle. The LCD approach involves conducting a Life Cycle Assessment before designing a new product to identify and address sustainability issues related to things like resource consumption, pollution, and waste. The document provides examples of how designers could help reduce water, food, material and energy needs at each stage of a product's life cycle from raw material extraction to use and disposal. It also discusses how design can help counteract problems like pollution, global warming, deforestation and overfishing. The overall goal of LCD is to suggest new development models based on sustainable practices.
The document discusses a waste management project involving Jiangnan University, Tongji University, and ISIA Firenze. The project focuses on converting waste oil into biodiesel through Organic Issues Lab. The workshop aimed to analyze and design solutions for waste management, recycling used cooking oil into biodiesel which is more environmentally friendly than other fuels while also recycling waste.
Sergio Antonio Salvi, The Environmental Emergency (lecture extract)Sergio Antonio Salvi
1) The document discusses the environmental emergency facing the Earth, noting that the planet's resources are limited while the human population and consumption levels continue increasing rapidly.
2) It states that human societies are having a strong negative impact on the planet and that we need to change our development model to one that is sustainable in order to ensure a future for coming generations.
3) Statistics are presented on topics like human population growth, consumption of food and energy resources, deforestation, pollution-related deaths, and fossil fuel production to illustrate the environmental challenges.
LCA stands for Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to identify, measure, and characterize the potential environmental impacts of each stage in a product's life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. LCA aims to understand the flows of matter and energy involved in a product or process to find environmentally critical points and ways to prevent or reduce impacts. There are different types of LCAs depending on which stages are included, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, gate-to-gate, and wheel-to-wheel. LCA involves goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases.
The document provides an overview of various tools that can be used to implement eco-efficiency within an organization. It describes common tools such as life-cycle assessment, design for environment, environmental labelling, and cleaner production/pollution prevention. It also discusses how these tools can be applied at different levels and stages within an organization, and observations about factors driving adoption of various tools.
Sergio Antonio Salvi, Technical Representation Plan (lecture extract)Sergio Antonio Salvi
The document outlines the main types of drawings in a product design technical representation plan:
1. A general arrangement drawing showing the overall product and its relation to the user and environment.
2. A product architecture or exploded drawing showing the components and their assembly with item names and a bill of materials.
3. An assembly drawing showing the product construction through section views and assembly details.
4. A production drawing with complete representation of each isolated component for manufacturing.
The document discusses design for assembly (DFA) principles and techniques. It explains that DFA aims to reduce assembly costs through strategies like minimizing component count, integrating parts where possible, and simplifying assembly operations. Some key DFA guidelines discussed include designing parts that can be inserted from above without tools, are self-aligning, involve only simple linear motions, and lock immediately into place. The document also notes that automated manufacturing processes inherently support DFA goals by avoiding manual labor.
This document discusses eco-friendly packaging. It begins by outlining how packaging plays an essential role in modern society and the economy, before discussing how true sustainability requires meeting societal needs, respecting the environment, and creating economic value. It then provides bio-plastics and careful design/innovation as examples of eco-friendly packaging, highlighting benefits and challenges. The document concludes by presenting a case study of an innovative, eco-friendly packaging solution for fresh food using protective atmosphere that has zero environmental impact through its entire lifecycle from production to compostable materials.
This document describes the life cycle of a Bic ballpoint pen from obtaining raw materials through disposal. It discusses six stages: 1) obtaining raw materials like polyethylene, polypropylene, tungsten and ink components, 2) manufacturing through molding, assembly and quality testing, 3) transporting from the factory in Tarragona, Spain to stores, 4) using and potentially recharging the pen, 5) recycling pen components which are usually reused to make new pens, and 6) improper disposal in landfills or rare burning since components can be recycled. The document aims to raise awareness about the environmental impacts of everyday products throughout their full life cycles.
The document discusses a waste management project involving Jiangnan University, Tongji University, and ISIA Firenze. The project focuses on converting waste oil into biodiesel through Organic Issues Lab. The workshop aimed to analyze and design solutions for waste management, recycling used cooking oil into biodiesel which is more environmentally friendly than other fuels while also recycling waste.
Sergio Antonio Salvi, The Environmental Emergency (lecture extract)Sergio Antonio Salvi
1) The document discusses the environmental emergency facing the Earth, noting that the planet's resources are limited while the human population and consumption levels continue increasing rapidly.
2) It states that human societies are having a strong negative impact on the planet and that we need to change our development model to one that is sustainable in order to ensure a future for coming generations.
3) Statistics are presented on topics like human population growth, consumption of food and energy resources, deforestation, pollution-related deaths, and fossil fuel production to illustrate the environmental challenges.
LCA stands for Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to identify, measure, and characterize the potential environmental impacts of each stage in a product's life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. LCA aims to understand the flows of matter and energy involved in a product or process to find environmentally critical points and ways to prevent or reduce impacts. There are different types of LCAs depending on which stages are included, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, gate-to-gate, and wheel-to-wheel. LCA involves goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases.
The document provides an overview of various tools that can be used to implement eco-efficiency within an organization. It describes common tools such as life-cycle assessment, design for environment, environmental labelling, and cleaner production/pollution prevention. It also discusses how these tools can be applied at different levels and stages within an organization, and observations about factors driving adoption of various tools.
Sergio Antonio Salvi, Technical Representation Plan (lecture extract)Sergio Antonio Salvi
The document outlines the main types of drawings in a product design technical representation plan:
1. A general arrangement drawing showing the overall product and its relation to the user and environment.
2. A product architecture or exploded drawing showing the components and their assembly with item names and a bill of materials.
3. An assembly drawing showing the product construction through section views and assembly details.
4. A production drawing with complete representation of each isolated component for manufacturing.
The document discusses design for assembly (DFA) principles and techniques. It explains that DFA aims to reduce assembly costs through strategies like minimizing component count, integrating parts where possible, and simplifying assembly operations. Some key DFA guidelines discussed include designing parts that can be inserted from above without tools, are self-aligning, involve only simple linear motions, and lock immediately into place. The document also notes that automated manufacturing processes inherently support DFA goals by avoiding manual labor.
This document discusses eco-friendly packaging. It begins by outlining how packaging plays an essential role in modern society and the economy, before discussing how true sustainability requires meeting societal needs, respecting the environment, and creating economic value. It then provides bio-plastics and careful design/innovation as examples of eco-friendly packaging, highlighting benefits and challenges. The document concludes by presenting a case study of an innovative, eco-friendly packaging solution for fresh food using protective atmosphere that has zero environmental impact through its entire lifecycle from production to compostable materials.
This document describes the life cycle of a Bic ballpoint pen from obtaining raw materials through disposal. It discusses six stages: 1) obtaining raw materials like polyethylene, polypropylene, tungsten and ink components, 2) manufacturing through molding, assembly and quality testing, 3) transporting from the factory in Tarragona, Spain to stores, 4) using and potentially recharging the pen, 5) recycling pen components which are usually reused to make new pens, and 6) improper disposal in landfills or rare burning since components can be recycled. The document aims to raise awareness about the environmental impacts of everyday products throughout their full life cycles.
Design And Sustainability by Carlo Vezzoli 09.09.09LeNS Africa
The document provides an introduction to design for sustainability, covering several key topics:
1. It defines sustainable development and discusses increasing pressures to reduce resource use.
2. It explores the evolving role of design in sustainability from reducing environmental impact to system innovation. Product life cycle design and system design for eco-efficiency are introduced.
3. Methods and tools for product and system design for sustainability are summarized, including Life Cycle Assessment and various frameworks developed at Polimi.
4. The potential for system design to address social equity and cohesion through locally-based, networked product-service systems is discussed.
A Review of Issues in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Re...IJMER
Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery (ECMPRO) has become an
obligation to the environment and to the society itself, enforced primarily by governmental regulations
and customer perspective on environmental issues. This is mainly driven by the escalating deterioration
of the environment, e.g. diminishing raw material resources, over owing waste sites and increasing
levels of pollution. ECMPRO involves integrating environmental thinking into new product development
including design, material selection, manufacturing processes and delivery of the product to the
consumers, plus the end-of-life management of the product after its useful life. ECMPRO related issues
have found a large following in industry and academia who aim to find solutions to the problems that
arise in this newly emerged research area. Problems are widespread including the ones related to life cycle of products, disassembly, material recovery, and emanufacturing and pollution prevention.
2.1 product life cycle design cortesi 10-11LeNS_slide
This document introduces key concepts for product life cycle design including:
1) Product life cycle design (LCD) takes a broader view of design from the single product to the full life cycle stages and functional unit.
2) Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a quantitative method to evaluate the environmental impacts of a product's life cycle from raw material extraction to end of life.
3) LCD aims to minimize environmental impacts across the life cycle by establishing design criteria like reducing resource use, selecting less impactful materials, optimizing product lifespan, and enabling disassembly.
2.1 product life cycle design cortesi 10-11LeNS_slide
This document introduces key concepts for product life cycle design including:
1) Product life cycle design (LCD) aims to minimize environmental impacts across a product's entire life cycle from material extraction to end of life.
2) Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a quantitative method to evaluate the environmental effects of a product or service over its life cycle according to functional units.
3) LCD criteria include minimizing resource use, selecting low impact materials, optimizing product lifespan through design for durability, repair, reuse and recycling.
Ecodesign is concerned with reducing environmental and social impacts through better design. It requires life cycle thinking and considering a product's impacts from design through end of life. The document discusses how ecodesign can help address issues like pollution, lack of clean water access, and species extinction by designing for full life cycles, low impact materials, fair production, and product durability. It also provides examples of ecodesign strategies and packaging that exemplify both good and bad ecodesign principles and impacts.
Sustainability, Circularity, Circular Economy have a lot in common with the Agile mindset and values. Also Agilist need to step in and face this complexity to help organizations to run this transformations.
The town of Kamikatsu, Japan has established itself as a zero waste town by implementing an extensive waste sorting and recycling program. Residents sort their waste into 45 categories and place them in the proper bins. Through these efforts, the town achieved an 81% waste recycling rate in 2016 and serves as a model for other communities pursuing zero waste goals.
The document introduces product life cycle design (LCD) which integrates environmental requirements into the product design process. It discusses that LCD evaluates the environmental impacts of a product over its entire life cycle from material extraction, production, distribution, use, and end of life. Key aspects of LCD include minimizing resource use, selecting low impact materials, optimizing product life, extending material life, and designing for disassembly and recyclability. The life cycle approach considers how to reduce environmental effects from both resource inputs and waste outputs at each stage of the product life cycle.
The document discusses design and the environment. It notes that climate change poses threats like rising sea levels and food shortages. Designers can play a major role in developing sustainable solutions by understanding a product's full life cycle from cradle to grave. This includes analyzing raw material extraction, production, distribution, use, and disposal, and their environmental impacts. Conducting a life cycle analysis allows designers to assess a product's environmental footprint and find ways to reduce impacts and create more sustainable designs. Cradle to cradle is introduced as a framework that aims to create waste-free production by designing products to be recycled or composted as technical or biological nutrients.
This document discusses green manufacturing and the role of chemical engineers. It begins with an overview of manufacturing and its implications on the environment. It then defines green manufacturing as a more sustainable process that reduces waste and promotes reuse. Examples are given of industries shifting to more environmentally friendly production methods. The document emphasizes that chemical engineers play a key role in developing new technologies to lower the environmental impact of manufacturing. Their work helps industries reduce pollution and find ways to reuse materials. The conclusion states that adopting green manufacturing benefits both the environment and economic growth.
This document discusses plastic waste recycling in Japan and the development of thermal recycling technologies. It notes that plastic waste is a global problem due to plastics being made from limited resources like petroleum. Japan has enacted several laws since 2000 to promote a recycling-oriented society and reduce waste disposal. This includes promoting the "three Rs" of reduce, reuse and recycle. Thermal recycling technologies that use plastic waste as an energy source are also being adopted. The document discusses amendments made to waste disposal laws in Japan to promote reducing, recycling and thermal recovery of plastic waste over landfilling. It provides background on plastic recycling and processing advances that make it less environmentally burdensome and more efficient.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
The document discusses recycling and its importance. It provides an introduction to recycling, defines recycling as the process of breaking down materials and reusing them instead of throwing them away. It then discusses the benefits of recycling such as reducing waste sent to landfills, saving natural resources, and saving energy. Specific examples are provided of how recycling aluminum and paper saves significant amounts of energy compared to producing materials from raw materials. The document also discusses how recycling reduces carbon emissions and how landfill levies encourage more sustainable production and consumption.
The document discusses a student project that aims to study the effect of biodegradable material and particulate matter in effluent treatment processes for a particular industry. The project was carried out by 4 students and guided by 2 faculty members. It includes an abstract, introduction, list of materials required, and various design thinking canvases used in the project methodology. The canvases explore empathy mapping, product development, activities-attributes-interactions-objects-users framework, ideation, and mind mapping. The overall goal is to reduce waste in effluent treatment and maximize water reuse.
Design for Environment by Waqas Ali Tunio
Presented by me in subject of Pollution Analysis & Control, in my 7th semester of Mechanical Engineering of 2007-Mechanical Batch in year 2010.
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah - Pakistan
www.aliwaqas.tk
This document summarizes Ricoh's approach to sustainability and remanufacturing. It discusses Ricoh's goals of reducing environmental impact by 30% by 2030 and 87.5% by 2050 compared to 2000 levels through an eco-centric culture and technical innovation. Ricoh aims for zero waste to landfill and obtains 50% of materials from recycled or reused sources by 2050. The company focuses on resource conservation through remanufacturing used products and parts in its "Comet Circle" process to keep resources in use longer. Ricoh's Telford, UK site has achieved zero waste to landfill status since 2002 through rigorous segregation and finding markets for all waste materials.
3.1 eco efficient system innovation vezzoli-09-10 (33)vezzoliDSS
This document discusses system design for sustainability and eco-efficient system innovation. It defines eco-efficient product-service systems (PSS) as designing products and services to fulfill customer needs more efficiently while reducing environmental impacts over the life cycle. Three types of eco-efficient system innovations are described: 1) adding value to the product life cycle through additional services, 2) providing final results to customers rather than products, and 3) providing enabling platforms for customers. Case studies of Kluber Lubrication and Rank Xerox are presented as examples of the first two types.
Green design involves taking a "cradle to grave" approach by considering a product's environmental impacts throughout its lifecycle from production to disposal. This includes minimizing use of resources, pollution, and long-term harm while ensuring efficient use and appropriate disposal. Life cycle analysis assesses a product's environmental effects at each stage to identify ways to reduce negative impacts, such as through design for disassembly to facilitate recycling. Green design and life cycle analysis allow improvements targeting high impact products and industries.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable manufacturing. It discusses why manufacturing is becoming more environmentally conscious due to increasing regulation, customer demands, and cost savings. Sustainability is defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Key concepts in sustainable manufacturing include clean technologies, sustainable production processes, and green product design. Implementing sustainable practices can range from simple housekeeping to new technologies and is a continuous improvement process rather than a final destination.
Design And Sustainability by Carlo Vezzoli 09.09.09LeNS Africa
The document provides an introduction to design for sustainability, covering several key topics:
1. It defines sustainable development and discusses increasing pressures to reduce resource use.
2. It explores the evolving role of design in sustainability from reducing environmental impact to system innovation. Product life cycle design and system design for eco-efficiency are introduced.
3. Methods and tools for product and system design for sustainability are summarized, including Life Cycle Assessment and various frameworks developed at Polimi.
4. The potential for system design to address social equity and cohesion through locally-based, networked product-service systems is discussed.
A Review of Issues in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Re...IJMER
Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery (ECMPRO) has become an
obligation to the environment and to the society itself, enforced primarily by governmental regulations
and customer perspective on environmental issues. This is mainly driven by the escalating deterioration
of the environment, e.g. diminishing raw material resources, over owing waste sites and increasing
levels of pollution. ECMPRO involves integrating environmental thinking into new product development
including design, material selection, manufacturing processes and delivery of the product to the
consumers, plus the end-of-life management of the product after its useful life. ECMPRO related issues
have found a large following in industry and academia who aim to find solutions to the problems that
arise in this newly emerged research area. Problems are widespread including the ones related to life cycle of products, disassembly, material recovery, and emanufacturing and pollution prevention.
2.1 product life cycle design cortesi 10-11LeNS_slide
This document introduces key concepts for product life cycle design including:
1) Product life cycle design (LCD) takes a broader view of design from the single product to the full life cycle stages and functional unit.
2) Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a quantitative method to evaluate the environmental impacts of a product's life cycle from raw material extraction to end of life.
3) LCD aims to minimize environmental impacts across the life cycle by establishing design criteria like reducing resource use, selecting less impactful materials, optimizing product lifespan, and enabling disassembly.
2.1 product life cycle design cortesi 10-11LeNS_slide
This document introduces key concepts for product life cycle design including:
1) Product life cycle design (LCD) aims to minimize environmental impacts across a product's entire life cycle from material extraction to end of life.
2) Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a quantitative method to evaluate the environmental effects of a product or service over its life cycle according to functional units.
3) LCD criteria include minimizing resource use, selecting low impact materials, optimizing product lifespan through design for durability, repair, reuse and recycling.
Ecodesign is concerned with reducing environmental and social impacts through better design. It requires life cycle thinking and considering a product's impacts from design through end of life. The document discusses how ecodesign can help address issues like pollution, lack of clean water access, and species extinction by designing for full life cycles, low impact materials, fair production, and product durability. It also provides examples of ecodesign strategies and packaging that exemplify both good and bad ecodesign principles and impacts.
Sustainability, Circularity, Circular Economy have a lot in common with the Agile mindset and values. Also Agilist need to step in and face this complexity to help organizations to run this transformations.
The town of Kamikatsu, Japan has established itself as a zero waste town by implementing an extensive waste sorting and recycling program. Residents sort their waste into 45 categories and place them in the proper bins. Through these efforts, the town achieved an 81% waste recycling rate in 2016 and serves as a model for other communities pursuing zero waste goals.
The document introduces product life cycle design (LCD) which integrates environmental requirements into the product design process. It discusses that LCD evaluates the environmental impacts of a product over its entire life cycle from material extraction, production, distribution, use, and end of life. Key aspects of LCD include minimizing resource use, selecting low impact materials, optimizing product life, extending material life, and designing for disassembly and recyclability. The life cycle approach considers how to reduce environmental effects from both resource inputs and waste outputs at each stage of the product life cycle.
The document discusses design and the environment. It notes that climate change poses threats like rising sea levels and food shortages. Designers can play a major role in developing sustainable solutions by understanding a product's full life cycle from cradle to grave. This includes analyzing raw material extraction, production, distribution, use, and disposal, and their environmental impacts. Conducting a life cycle analysis allows designers to assess a product's environmental footprint and find ways to reduce impacts and create more sustainable designs. Cradle to cradle is introduced as a framework that aims to create waste-free production by designing products to be recycled or composted as technical or biological nutrients.
This document discusses green manufacturing and the role of chemical engineers. It begins with an overview of manufacturing and its implications on the environment. It then defines green manufacturing as a more sustainable process that reduces waste and promotes reuse. Examples are given of industries shifting to more environmentally friendly production methods. The document emphasizes that chemical engineers play a key role in developing new technologies to lower the environmental impact of manufacturing. Their work helps industries reduce pollution and find ways to reuse materials. The conclusion states that adopting green manufacturing benefits both the environment and economic growth.
This document discusses plastic waste recycling in Japan and the development of thermal recycling technologies. It notes that plastic waste is a global problem due to plastics being made from limited resources like petroleum. Japan has enacted several laws since 2000 to promote a recycling-oriented society and reduce waste disposal. This includes promoting the "three Rs" of reduce, reuse and recycle. Thermal recycling technologies that use plastic waste as an energy source are also being adopted. The document discusses amendments made to waste disposal laws in Japan to promote reducing, recycling and thermal recovery of plastic waste over landfilling. It provides background on plastic recycling and processing advances that make it less environmentally burdensome and more efficient.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
The document discusses recycling and its importance. It provides an introduction to recycling, defines recycling as the process of breaking down materials and reusing them instead of throwing them away. It then discusses the benefits of recycling such as reducing waste sent to landfills, saving natural resources, and saving energy. Specific examples are provided of how recycling aluminum and paper saves significant amounts of energy compared to producing materials from raw materials. The document also discusses how recycling reduces carbon emissions and how landfill levies encourage more sustainable production and consumption.
The document discusses a student project that aims to study the effect of biodegradable material and particulate matter in effluent treatment processes for a particular industry. The project was carried out by 4 students and guided by 2 faculty members. It includes an abstract, introduction, list of materials required, and various design thinking canvases used in the project methodology. The canvases explore empathy mapping, product development, activities-attributes-interactions-objects-users framework, ideation, and mind mapping. The overall goal is to reduce waste in effluent treatment and maximize water reuse.
Design for Environment by Waqas Ali Tunio
Presented by me in subject of Pollution Analysis & Control, in my 7th semester of Mechanical Engineering of 2007-Mechanical Batch in year 2010.
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah - Pakistan
www.aliwaqas.tk
This document summarizes Ricoh's approach to sustainability and remanufacturing. It discusses Ricoh's goals of reducing environmental impact by 30% by 2030 and 87.5% by 2050 compared to 2000 levels through an eco-centric culture and technical innovation. Ricoh aims for zero waste to landfill and obtains 50% of materials from recycled or reused sources by 2050. The company focuses on resource conservation through remanufacturing used products and parts in its "Comet Circle" process to keep resources in use longer. Ricoh's Telford, UK site has achieved zero waste to landfill status since 2002 through rigorous segregation and finding markets for all waste materials.
3.1 eco efficient system innovation vezzoli-09-10 (33)vezzoliDSS
This document discusses system design for sustainability and eco-efficient system innovation. It defines eco-efficient product-service systems (PSS) as designing products and services to fulfill customer needs more efficiently while reducing environmental impacts over the life cycle. Three types of eco-efficient system innovations are described: 1) adding value to the product life cycle through additional services, 2) providing final results to customers rather than products, and 3) providing enabling platforms for customers. Case studies of Kluber Lubrication and Rank Xerox are presented as examples of the first two types.
Green design involves taking a "cradle to grave" approach by considering a product's environmental impacts throughout its lifecycle from production to disposal. This includes minimizing use of resources, pollution, and long-term harm while ensuring efficient use and appropriate disposal. Life cycle analysis assesses a product's environmental effects at each stage to identify ways to reduce negative impacts, such as through design for disassembly to facilitate recycling. Green design and life cycle analysis allow improvements targeting high impact products and industries.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable manufacturing. It discusses why manufacturing is becoming more environmentally conscious due to increasing regulation, customer demands, and cost savings. Sustainability is defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Key concepts in sustainable manufacturing include clean technologies, sustainable production processes, and green product design. Implementing sustainable practices can range from simple housekeeping to new technologies and is a continuous improvement process rather than a final destination.
Similar to Sergio Antonio Salvi, Life Cycle Design Approach (lecture extract) (20)
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
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Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
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tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
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Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
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during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
2. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
The position of a
designer in relation
to environmental
emergency (adapted
by Salvi, 1997-2012)
The environmental emergency made us to understand that a
designer must approach in a new way to the development
process for a new product. This new attitude is necessary to
prevent the problems that the population increase involves
(together with a wrong management of environment).
The more relevant issues that a designer, by means of her/his
action, can help to solve concern the decreasing of the
consumption of:
1.1 water;
1.2 food;
1.3 raw materials for industrial production;
1.4 energy resources;
and she/he can help to counteract:
2.1 pollution and global warming;
2.2 deforestation, hunting, intensive fishing and breeding;
and above all help to suggest:
3.0 new development models, based on the concept of
“sustainable development”.
(→□)
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
3. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
A solar-electric
propelled
“sustainable”
product prototype
from NASA (2003)
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
4. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
“Sustainable
development”
definition according
to WCED (Brundtland
commission, 1987),
compared with the
“biocentric” point of
view
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
“Sustainable development” is a development which meets today’s
needs without placing the ability of future generations to meet
their needs at risk, in other words, the preservation of the
resources.
From the “biocentric” point of view (cfr. Naess, Singer etc.), we
should understand that the needs of the generations of today
and of the future must also be referred to other living beings…
In this way we will be able to talk about “environmental
sustainibility”.
(→□)
5. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
“Biodiversity” is a
precondition for
sustainable
development: we
cannot have a future
without them…
(American Museum
of Natural History)
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
6. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
Governements’ and
communities’ laws to
lowering the product
environmental
impact, in
accordance with the
“sustainability” idea In order to approach in a new way the environmental emergency,
and in accordance with the “sustainability” idea, some new
concepts have been suggested, often becoming new laws. Among
these are: “Extended Producer Responsibility” (EPR; the
producer is responsible for the whole product life cycle: for example
the producer must “take back” the empty packaging once it has
been used); “Shared Responsibility” (SR; other actors of the
product life cycle are involved in the process: for example the
organizations of trade must contribute in the material recuperation;
furthermore, as known, also the citizens are asked to recycle
their waste).
(→□)
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
7. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
An italian law
promotes the
institution of
consortiums to
recycle plastic, in SR
way, since 1988 (L.
475): nowadays it is
not enough…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
8. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
LCD approach to
develop new
industrial products
The Life Cycle Design (LCD) is one of the several methods
–sometimes just ideas– (including: “Eco Design”, “Environmental
Design”, “Green Design”, “Sustainable Design” etc.) that have been
suggested to address the environmental crisis, in terms of
product design.
The LCD method is based on the “Life Cycle Assessment”
(LCA). This means that, before you design a new product, it is
necessary to verify the assessment of its entire lifecycle,
extending the assessment to what precedes and follows the
smaller industrial process. The so-called "assessment" must
indicate and solve critical points from the perspective of
(environmental) sustainability.
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
9. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
Flows of matter and
energy in the whole
product life cycle
(Turner, Pearce,
Bateman, 1994;
adapted by Salvi,
1997)
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
10.
11.
12. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.1 Targets of LCD
compared to water
needed
A designer may help reduce the water needed for:
1.1.1 agriculture processes (e. g. the water consumption to wash
vegetables);
1.1.2 industrial processes (e. g. the water consumption in galvanic
procedures);
1.1.3 directly induced consumption (e. g. the water consumption
of a shower head, incorrectly designed, that causes a waste of
water) or caused by induced behaviour (e. g. lawn irrigation
system sold as suitable for irrigation of vegetables).
…
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
13. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.1 Targets of LCD
compared to water
needed: an
automated vegetable
washing plant (the
water will be
reused?)
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
14.
15. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.1 Targets of LCD
compared to water
needed: a well
designed shower
head can save water
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
16. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.1 Targets of LCD
compared to water
needed: a “drip”
irrigation system
saves a lot of water
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
17. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.2 Targets of LCD
compared to food
needed
A designer may help reduce the food needed for:
1.2.1 directly induced consumption (e. g. the consumption of food
due to a portion which exceeds the required, when that portion is
“designed”) or caused by induced behaviour (e. g. the advertising
of foods that are not needed for certain categories of people, such
as for children).
…
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
18. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.2 Targets of LCD
compared to food
needed: sometimes a
large portion is not
consumed…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
19. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.2 Targets of LCD
compared to food
needed: a well
designed food
packaging can help
to save food…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
20.
21. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.3 Targets of LCD
compared to raw
materials needed for
industrial production A designer may help reduce the raw materials needed for:
1.3.1 products production (e. g. the material used for unuseful
parts; e. g. the material wasted because not “recyclable”);
1.3.2 products packaging production (e. g. the packaging not
needed for some products, like some fruits or vegetables);
1.3.3 directly induced consumption (e. g. design of disposable
products, when it is not essential, like instead for medical use or to
preserve drink and food) or caused by induced behaviour (e. g.
design of containers to collect specific kinds of material who can be
recycled).
…
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
22. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.3 Targets of LCD
compared to raw
materials needed for
industrial
production: many
components, like a
car spoiler, can be
unuseful and just a
marketing strategy
(in many cases it
does not work at all!)
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
23. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.3 Targets of LCD
compared to raw
materials needed for
industrial
production:
sometimes nature
designs packaging
for itself…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
24. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.3 Targets of LCD
compared to raw
materials needed for
industrial
production:
disposable products
are not always
essential…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
25. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.3 Targets of LCD
compared to raw
materials needed for
industrial
production: thinking
to design containers
to collect waste
materials a designer
can induce
“sustainable
behaviours”, helping
this way to save
materials
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
26. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed
A designer may help reduce the energy needed for:
1.4.1 collection or extraction of raw materials;
1.4.2 transformation of raw materials into industrial materials;
1.4.3 production of the components;
1.4.4 assembling of the product (if not monocomponent);
1.4.5 packaging of the product;
1.4.6 material, components and product transportation and
distribution;
1.4.7 use of the product in terms of duration or induced directly
(e. g. a product that, because of its brief life, must be substitute in a
short time; e. g. the energy consumption of a lamp) or caused by
induced behavior (the energy consumption due to a pot designed
without lid).
…
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
27. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
offshore oil and
natural gas
extraction is
energetically very
expensive and
critical, especially for
the catastrophic
environmental
damage that may
occur…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
28. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
the timber can be
produced by
planning the growth
of trees, that grows
by itself –without
energy addition–, and
can be planted near
the site of
transformation, this
leads to other
benefits for the
environment
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
29. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
production,
transformation and
recycling of many
metals need a great
amount of energy
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
30. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
production,
transformation and
recycling of many
polymers need a little
amount of energy,
above all if
processed by means
of “low pressure”
and “low
temperature”
technologies
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
31. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed: a
complex product
architecture involves
high energetic cost
due to the assembly
operations
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
32.
33. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed: a
“net shape” product,
thought with a simple
architecture, saves
much energy
because many
assembly operations
are avoided
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
34. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
transportation and
distribution may be
energetically
expensive
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
35. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
even if impactive, the
quarry where the
stone is extracted
can be located next
to the construction
site, and that means
low energy costs for
transportation, as
well as the ancients
knew
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
36. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
packaging is a
product architecture
extension, in other
words components
to produce, and
energy
consumption…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
37. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed: a
“fashion watch”
induces
“overproduction”,
because its life is
very brief (fashion
often counteracts the
sustainability…);
watch is a kind of
product that has
been transformed
into a “consumer
product”…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
38. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed: a
solid stainless steel
nutcracker can last
for ever, and it
means that its
substitution will be
very far in the time,
saving energy…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
39. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
1.4 Targets of LCD
compared to energy
resources needed:
thinking to design a
LED lamp, instead
than a lamp with the
old technology, a
designer can drive
the users behaviour,
and at the same time
help to save energy…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
40.
41. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
2.1 Targets of LCD
compared to
pollution produced
and global warming
A designer may help counteract the pollution produced and the
global warming acting as follows:
2.1.1 indicating materials and processes not polluting when
he/she designs a new product;
2.1.2 taking part to the design development of products that do
not produce uncontrolled pollution (e. g. every kind of product
well designed and produced in accordance with current
“environmental” norms) and do not induce behaviours that could
produce pollution (e. g. products that can be used in an
inappropriate way, from the environmental point of view).
…
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
42. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
2.1 Targets of LCD
compared to
pollution produced
and global warming:
some products can
be produced by
means of polluting
processes because
the country they
come from do not act
in accordance with
the international
“environmental”
norms
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
43. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
2.1 Targets of LCD
compared to
pollution produced
and global warming:
an “inappropriate
use” of the products,
above all at product
life cycle end, can
determine every kind
of pollution…
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
44. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
2.2 Targets of LCD
compared to
deforestation,
hunting, intensive
fishing and breeding
A designer may help counteract deforestation, hunting, intensive
fishing and breeding acting as follows:
2.2.1 indicating sustainable woods when he/she designs a new
product (e. g. referring to the FSC –the Forest Stewardship Council
– and asking the producer to emit the related specification, in order
to obtain the material certification);
2.2.2 indicating the environmental advantage achievable
chosing a product made with sustainable wood (e. g. the
graphics of the packaging that comunicates this point);
2.2.3 teaching indigenous people to use better their resources
(e. g. suggesting them to use simple but valuable tips, like cooking
using pots with their lids…),
2.2.4 avoiding to design hunting weapons, intensive fishing and
breeding equipments… (these should be individual conscious
choices).
…
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
45. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
2.2 Targets of LCD
compared to
deforestation,
hunting, intensive
fishing and breeding:
the FSC mark
guarantees that the
wood comes from
“well managed”
forests
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
46. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
2.2 Targets of LCD
compared to
deforestation,
hunting, intensive
fishing and breeding:
simply teaching
indigenous peoples
use the lid you can
counteract
deforestation
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi
47. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
APPROACH
3.0 Targets of LCD
compared to new
development models
A designer may help suggest new development models acting as
follows:
3.0.1 what is obvious: designing products that are
“sustainable”, that will be made in accordance with current –
and future, if possible– “environmental” norms;
3.0.2 participating in research campaigns, and related
conferences, on the “sustainability”, promoted by associations,
schools, universities etc;
3.0.3 writing news… articles, books etc;
3.04 teaching Life Cycle Design…
…
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LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
Sergio Antonio Salvi