Climate change is causing water issues globally like drought and flooding. This document analyzes how climate change is impacting water conservation needs in New Jersey during a period of increased rainfall. New Jersey's high level of development decreases groundwater recharge and increases stormwater runoff due to more impervious surfaces from urbanization. Analysis of two watersheds with different land covers shows increased stormwater peak runoff in the more urbanized watershed. Current water management practices will likely be insufficient as development continues, requiring improved practices to protect resources and infrastructure from greater precipitation variability projected under climate change.
A Review on the Sedimentation Problem in River Basinsijtsrd
River sedimentation is a global concern evidenced by a number of studies conducted. Now, that climate change is being experienced the rapid changes on the river landscape is manifestly observed. As unveiled, natural evolution of landscape and human activities are the two main factors affecting this phenomenon. Different methods of determination of the volume of sediments transported some are employed. Some studies used classic methods utilizing sophisticated apparatus while others artificial intelligence mode of sediment transport prediction. Celeste A. De Asis "A Review on the Sedimentation Problem in River Basins" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37968.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/37968/a-review-on-the-sedimentation-problem-in-river-basins/celeste-a-de-asis
Joseph Shannon (of Michigan Technological University), presented at the Adapting Forested Watersheds to Climate Change Workshop, at The Waters, Minocqua, WI on March 15-16, 2017. The workshop was hosted by the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS), USDA Climate Hubs, and the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI).
Climate change and agricultural water linkages
Mitigation through better water management
Adaptation through better water management
Towards new research agenda on water and climate change
A Review on the Sedimentation Problem in River Basinsijtsrd
River sedimentation is a global concern evidenced by a number of studies conducted. Now, that climate change is being experienced the rapid changes on the river landscape is manifestly observed. As unveiled, natural evolution of landscape and human activities are the two main factors affecting this phenomenon. Different methods of determination of the volume of sediments transported some are employed. Some studies used classic methods utilizing sophisticated apparatus while others artificial intelligence mode of sediment transport prediction. Celeste A. De Asis "A Review on the Sedimentation Problem in River Basins" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37968.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/37968/a-review-on-the-sedimentation-problem-in-river-basins/celeste-a-de-asis
Joseph Shannon (of Michigan Technological University), presented at the Adapting Forested Watersheds to Climate Change Workshop, at The Waters, Minocqua, WI on March 15-16, 2017. The workshop was hosted by the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS), USDA Climate Hubs, and the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI).
Climate change and agricultural water linkages
Mitigation through better water management
Adaptation through better water management
Towards new research agenda on water and climate change
.
A “drought” is an extended period of deficient rainfall relative to the statistical multi-year average for a region. But because of the various ways it is measured, an objective drought definition has yet to be produced upon which everyone can agree.
The four types are: meteorological (lack of precipitation), agricultural, (lack of moisture in the soil where crops grow), hydrological (low levels of water in lakes and reservoirs), and socioeconomic (water shortages in drinking and running water).
Only .003% of water on Earth is freshwater available for human consumption. Save water by challenging friends to only use 13 gallons of water in a day. (It’s harder than it sounds!) Sign up for 13 Gallon Challenge.
Meteorologists predict drought based on precipitation patterns, stream flow, and moisture of soil over long periods of time.
In the United States, droughts are most likely to occur in the Midwest and the South.
Today Water, Climate & Energy is related to every
aspect of human life: social equity, ecosystem & economic
sustainability. Water is used to generate energy; energy is used to
provide water. Water, energy and climate are inextricably linked,
which is of great concern and increasing importance for future.
Global primary energy demand is projected to increase by just
over 50% between now and 2030, which can be met by more
prod., consuming water & other natural resources, adopting
better technologies and also encouraging changes in energy use
pattern. Water withdrawals are predicted to increase by 50% by
2025 in developing countries and 18% in developed countries.
The worst fallouts of the climate change are shrinking of water
resources. Climate change acts as an amplifier of the already
intense competition over water & energy sources.
Solving the interlinked challenges of water, energy & climate in
a sustainable manner is one of the fundamental goals of the
present generation. To achieve this, related research and
knowledge should be expanded and discussed with in technical
circles. Technology, innovation a sense of shared responsibility
and political will are factors that bring real solutions to keep pace
with increasing needs. Resolving growing issues will require
better and integrated policy frameworks & political engagement
for all stakeholders within and across water sheds. Leadership
from all parts of society is must for change to happen.
Urbanization and Baseflow Impacts - Evidence-based Water Budget Management an...Robert Muir
Green infrastructure, low impact development practices (LIDs), also called stormwater management best management practices (SWM BMPs), are often proposed to restore water balance functions and mitigate impacts or urbanization on runoff and recharge. One argument is that baseflows are lowered due to reduced infiltration and discharges to watercourses. It is a simple textbook theory.
What does the data show? The following slide presentation was prepared to respond to the Ontario draft LID guidance manual in early 2017 since water balance impacts have been cited as justification for this infrastructure.
Local studies show that baseflows have increased over decades of urbanization, calling into question the need for such measures considering that potential impact has not materialized. As noted in TRCA's Approved Updated Assessment Report under the Clean Water Act, at most gauges there was an upward trend in baseflows which prompted this: "These overall increases to baseflow volumes are contrary to the common thought that increased impervious cover leads to reduced baseflow" - so for those keeping score, data - one, common thought - zero. TMIG also analyzed baseflows in the GTA and noted “The seven-day average consecutive low flow data provides an indication of the observed baseflows within a watercourse, and hence is a suitable measure for determining whether baseflow trends exist in an urbanizing area. The trend analysis identified noticeable baseflow trends in 13 of the 24 recording stations. Of these eight urban and two rural stations exhibited an upward trend, suggesting increasing baseflow.”
.
A “drought” is an extended period of deficient rainfall relative to the statistical multi-year average for a region. But because of the various ways it is measured, an objective drought definition has yet to be produced upon which everyone can agree.
The four types are: meteorological (lack of precipitation), agricultural, (lack of moisture in the soil where crops grow), hydrological (low levels of water in lakes and reservoirs), and socioeconomic (water shortages in drinking and running water).
Only .003% of water on Earth is freshwater available for human consumption. Save water by challenging friends to only use 13 gallons of water in a day. (It’s harder than it sounds!) Sign up for 13 Gallon Challenge.
Meteorologists predict drought based on precipitation patterns, stream flow, and moisture of soil over long periods of time.
In the United States, droughts are most likely to occur in the Midwest and the South.
Today Water, Climate & Energy is related to every
aspect of human life: social equity, ecosystem & economic
sustainability. Water is used to generate energy; energy is used to
provide water. Water, energy and climate are inextricably linked,
which is of great concern and increasing importance for future.
Global primary energy demand is projected to increase by just
over 50% between now and 2030, which can be met by more
prod., consuming water & other natural resources, adopting
better technologies and also encouraging changes in energy use
pattern. Water withdrawals are predicted to increase by 50% by
2025 in developing countries and 18% in developed countries.
The worst fallouts of the climate change are shrinking of water
resources. Climate change acts as an amplifier of the already
intense competition over water & energy sources.
Solving the interlinked challenges of water, energy & climate in
a sustainable manner is one of the fundamental goals of the
present generation. To achieve this, related research and
knowledge should be expanded and discussed with in technical
circles. Technology, innovation a sense of shared responsibility
and political will are factors that bring real solutions to keep pace
with increasing needs. Resolving growing issues will require
better and integrated policy frameworks & political engagement
for all stakeholders within and across water sheds. Leadership
from all parts of society is must for change to happen.
Urbanization and Baseflow Impacts - Evidence-based Water Budget Management an...Robert Muir
Green infrastructure, low impact development practices (LIDs), also called stormwater management best management practices (SWM BMPs), are often proposed to restore water balance functions and mitigate impacts or urbanization on runoff and recharge. One argument is that baseflows are lowered due to reduced infiltration and discharges to watercourses. It is a simple textbook theory.
What does the data show? The following slide presentation was prepared to respond to the Ontario draft LID guidance manual in early 2017 since water balance impacts have been cited as justification for this infrastructure.
Local studies show that baseflows have increased over decades of urbanization, calling into question the need for such measures considering that potential impact has not materialized. As noted in TRCA's Approved Updated Assessment Report under the Clean Water Act, at most gauges there was an upward trend in baseflows which prompted this: "These overall increases to baseflow volumes are contrary to the common thought that increased impervious cover leads to reduced baseflow" - so for those keeping score, data - one, common thought - zero. TMIG also analyzed baseflows in the GTA and noted “The seven-day average consecutive low flow data provides an indication of the observed baseflows within a watercourse, and hence is a suitable measure for determining whether baseflow trends exist in an urbanizing area. The trend analysis identified noticeable baseflow trends in 13 of the 24 recording stations. Of these eight urban and two rural stations exhibited an upward trend, suggesting increasing baseflow.”
Land use-cover-trends-climate-variability-nexus-in-the-njoro-river-catchmentoircjournals
Anthropogenic activities have consequences on the land use/cover trends in the watershed and subsequently on the hydrological characteristics of rivers through intertwine of climate variability. The interplay between land use changes and climate variability are seen as contributory causes of catchment degradation in Kenya. The land use/cover changes increase impervious ground surfaces, decrease infiltration rate and increase runoff rate thereby affecting the hydrological characteristics of rivers. This study considers the interactions between climate variability and land use/cover changes in the river Njoro catchment in Kenya. The River Njoro drains into the lake Nakuru basin one of the Great Rift Valley Lakes in Kenya. The objectives of the study were: To evaluate the land-use and land cover patterns and changes in Njoro River catchment between 1996 and 2016, analyze the temperature and rainfall variations between 1996 and 2016 and compare the land use/cover changes with the variation in the rainfall and temperature. Landsat images and secondary data on water quality parameters were used in this study. The study showed that there was significant variation in rainfall and temperature trends in the Njoro river catchment and therefore the dynamics of land use/land cover in the river Njoro would be more attributed to anthropogenic activities than climate variability.
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module1_#3, Upstream-Downstream linkages and Multi-scale IRBM, Sa...ICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Presented by Guillaume Lacombe at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Climate change science, knowledge and impacts on water resources in South Asia
Senior Thesis Poster
1. INTRODUCTION
• Growing populations, increased development, pollution and
global warming have all had negative impacts on the
quantity and quality of fresh water available for human use.
• In 2015, participants at the World Economic Forum, ranked
water crises as the top global risk, and in December at the
UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, world leaders
acknowledged the instrumental role that water will play in a
continuous warming planet (Gleick, 2016).
• Where most places in the world are experiencing periods of
extreme drought New Jersey is currently in a pluvial period.
A pluvial period is defined as a prolonged phase of time in
which there is a wetter climate than the normal average.
• This region of the northeastern United States has been
experiencing the strongest pluvial conditions in the eastern
United States history (Pederson et al., 2012).
• It has been noted that as the most developed state in the
nation, we are on course to reach full build-out before any
other state and as a result, we have less margin for error ;
and a more pressing need for state-level planning than
other state in determining how we use our remaining
developable lands (Evans, 2009).
• The same study revealed that growth trends of the past 21
years has added one acre of impervious surface for every
4.2 acres of development; meaning that newly developed
land is, on average, 23.8% impervious surface (Hasse and
Lathrop, 2010).
• New Jersey’s long-term data documents a significant
increase in the average temperature, in precipitation, and a
significant rise in sea level that are consistent with observed
and predicted global trends of Climate Change ( NJDEP
2013). The combinations of these three increases threaten
the stability of the state’s infrastructure and clean
freshwater availability.
Land-Use Impacts on Stormwater Management in New Jersey
Rachel Nangle, Daniel L. Druckenbrod, Hongbing Sun
Department of Geological, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
ABSTRACT
Climate change is causing issues with water conservation
all over the world. Issues like drought, flooding, pollution due to
runoff, acidification and an increase in storm severity are all
causing harm to development and people’s livelihood. This
thesis evaluates how climate change is impacting New Jersey’s
need for increased water conservation during this pluvial
period. New Jersey’s high development leads to a decrease in
groundwater recharge and an increase in stormwater runoff due
to the growth of impermeable land cover created by
urbanization. Two watersheds and their corresponding stream
hydrographs are analyzed to observe how a more rural land
cover compares to a majorly urban land cover, in their
stormwater peak runoffs during two consecutive storm events.
Best management practices for water conservation currently in
place are not enough to sustain a reliable water supply to all of
New Jerseys populace as development continues to approach
full build out. Climate change is projected to increase the
amount of variability in precipitation, which will require better
water management practices for the future to protect New
Jerseys development and maintain a sustainable water supply.
RESULTS
WORKS CITED
Evans, Tim. "Planning Ahead in New Jersey Smart Growth Recommendations from New Jersey Future." New Jersey Future (2009): 1-4. Njfuture.org. Web.
Gleick, Peter, and Brett Walton. "The Most Important Water Stories of 2015 - Circle of Blue WaterNews." Circle of Blue WaterNews. Circle of Blue, 2016. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.
Hasse, John and Richard Lathrop . "Changing Landscapes in the Garden State: Urban Growth and Open Space Loss in NJ 1986 thru 2007." Environmental Studies Geospatial Research Lab. Department of Geography at Rowan University , Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis, Rutgers University (2010). Web.
"NJDEP 2007 Land Use/Land Cover Update (7/19/10)." State of New Jersey Department of Enviromental Protection, Bureau of GIS. NJDEP, 2016. Web. 31 Jan. 2016.
NJ DEP. "Climate Change in New Jersey: Temperature, Precipitation, Extreme Events and Sea Level." Climate Change in New Jersey: Trends in Temperature and Sea Level Environmental Trends Report (2013). Web.
Pederson, Neil, Andrew R. Bell, Edward R. Cook, Upmanu Lall, Naresh Devineni, Richard Seager, Keith Eggleston, and Kevin P. Vranes. "Is an Epic Pluvial Masking the Water Insecurity of the Greater New York City Region?" Journal of Climate J. Climate 26.4 (2013): 1339-354. Web.
Shaw, Elizabeth M. Hydrology in Practice. Wokingham, Berkshire, England: Van Nostrand Reinhold (UK), 1983. Print.
"USGS Water Data for New Jersey." USGS National Water Information System. U.S. Department of the Interior, 2016. Web. 31 Jan. 2016.
Table 1: Percentage of different
land use covers in the Toms River
Watershed and the North Branch
Raritan River Watershed.
North Poplar
Figure 2: Stream hydrograph for Toms River
gauge height change due to the precipitation
event of 0.35in on March 28th 2016.
Figure 1: GIS produced land use map in the Toms River Watershed in
Toms River NJ utilizing the 2012 USGS land use data.
Land use type:
Toms River %
cover
Raritan River %
cover
Urban 35.9 53.4
Forest 36.2 24.4
Wetlands 19.4 7.3
Agriculture 2.8 13
Barren land 4.1 0.2
Water 1.6 1.7
3/28/16 precipitation event 4/1/16-4/3/16 precipitation event
Stream
gauge
Rainfall
(in
inches)
effective
rainfall
(in/day)
peak
flow
(feet)
Recession
(in/day)
Rainfall
(in
inches)
effective
rainfall
(in/day)
peak
flow
(feet)
Recession
(in/day)
Toms
River
0.35 0.22 4.48 0.15 0.23,
0.40,
0.13
0.17 4.48 0.16
North
Branch
Raritan
0.40 0.52 3.07 0.12 0.32,
0.11,
0.18
0.28 3.10 0.12
Figure 3: Stream hydrograph for Toms River
gauge height change due to the consecutive
precipitation events of 0.23 in on April 1st, 0.40
in on April 2nd and 0.13 in on April 3rd 2016.
.
Figure 4: GIS produced land use map in the North Brach Raritan River
Watershed in Raritan, NJ utilizing the 2012 USGS land use data.
Figure 5: Stream hydrograph for North
Branch Raritan River gauge height change
due to the precipitation event of 0.40 in on
March 28th 2016.
Figure 6: Stream hydrograph for North
Branch Raritan River gauge height change
due to the consecutive precipitation events of
0.32 in on April 1st, 0.11 in on April 2nd and
0.18 in on April 3rd 2016.
Table 2: Calculated effective rainfall (in/day) and recession
(in/day) for the consecutive rainfall events in both the Toms River
and North Branch Raritan River based on the stream
hydrographs generated by changes in their stream gauge height.
DISCUSSION
• The creation of impervious surface changes the natural hydrologic
cycle. These changes have significant environmental consequences;
including negative impacts to ground water recharge, increases in the
frequency and magnitude of flooding, elevated non-point source
pollutant levels in our water supply and degraded biological activity in
and around NJ’s waterways (Hasse and Lathrop, 2010).
• Areas with more than 50% urbanization are subject to greater peak
discharges which are associated with flash flooding. This increase in
effective rainfall increases stream and river erosion, and increased
pollution into waterway due to lack of natural vegetative filtering.
• Methods must be utilized to increase groundwater infiltration, buffer
runoff into waterways, reduce erosion due to large volumes of storm
surges and prevent flooding in urban areas.
• New forms of stormwater management systems will need to be
implemented for urban areas to reduce these increases in stormwater
peak runoffs to create healthier waterways and reduce the chance of
flash flooding that threatened the developed infrastructure of the state.
• To successfully deter large runoff peaks and flooding incidents, larger
numbers of smaller scale solutions must be implemented in urbanized
areas. Practices like more green roofs, individual rainwater collection
systems for every building, an increase in permeable pavements, the
application of more efficient landscaping with highly permeable soils
and raingardens are necessary to mediate the amount of impermeable
surface created in urban areas.
• Future climate projections for New Jersey suggest that natural
ecosystems in New Jersey will be impacted by warmer temperatures
and associated changes in the water cycle. Changes could lead to loss
of critical habitat and further stresses on some already threatened and
endangered species, impacts on water supply and agriculture, more
intense rain events leading to flooding, more frequent periods of
extended dryness, and continued increases in fires, pest, disease
pathogens, and invasive weed species (NJDEP 2013).