Topic on seminar

1. www.studymafia.org
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www.studymafia.org www.studymafia.org
Seminar
On
Genetic Engineering

2. Contents
 Introduction
 What is Genetic Engineering
 History
 Techniques of Genetic Engineering
 Prospects for Genetic Engineering
Transgenic plants and animals
Cloning
 Dangers of Genetic Engineering
 Advantages
 Conclusion
 References
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3. What is Genetic
Engineering?
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“Genetic engineering is the
technology for modifying the genetic
information in a plant, animal or
human in order to produce some
desired trait or characteristic”

4. A Brief History of
Genetic Engineering
 The name is new, the practice is not.
 Plants and animals have been bred for
thousands of years.
 Human breeding has also been done
now and then.
 All of this has worked by trying to
enhance desired characteristics, without
knowing how they are transmitted.
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5. Techniques of Gen. Engg.
 Old Technique
 New Technique
Recombinant DNA
Transformation
Transduction
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6. Prospects for
Genetic Engineering
 Transgenic Engineering
– Putting genetic information from one
type of plant or animal into another
 Cloning
– Making genetic copies of an existing
plant or animal
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7. Transgenic Organisms
 An organism is called “transgenic” if it
has genetic information added to it
from a different type of organism.
 Humans have begun to do this with
plants and animals.
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8. Transgenic Plants
 This is the work that
is furthest along:
– Corn
– Soybeans & cotton
– Papayas
 Transgenic crops are
being grown in the
Americas, South
Africa, Europe,
Australia and China
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9. Transgenic Animals
Human genes have
been inserted
into:
– Bacteria
– Mice
 To produce
various human
proteins for
treating diseases.
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10. Cloning
 A “clone” is a copy of something.
 In genetics, a clone is a genetic copy
of another organism.
 Clones occur naturally:
– Asexual breeding in plants & lower
animals
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11. Cloning since Dolly
 Cloning of this sort has now been done
on cattle, pigs and mice also.
 The success rate has improved
considerably.
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12. Concerns re/ Cloning
 The success rate from adult animal cells is
still rather low.
 This would be unacceptable for cloning
humans in most societies.
 The evidence suggests that the clones
which survive are still not right.
 The genetic program has probably not been
completely reset.
 We still don’t understand what we are doing
in cloning from adult cells.
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13. Dangers
 Imprecise Technology
 Side Effects
 Widespread Crop Failure
 Threatens Our Entire Food Supply
 No Long-Term Safety Testing
 Allergic Reactions
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14. Advantages
 Creating new types of human beings
with advantageous traits.
 GM animals can generate
pharmaceutical proteins.
 Quicker, more predictable way to
generate new cultivars.
 Sustainable agriculture
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15. Conclusion
 The idea of transplant organs is a
really good idea but it also affects the
pig species and it decreases its
numbers in population
 The act of medical professionals or
scientists who attempt genetic
experiments can never be portrayed
as ‘playing God.’.
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16. References
www.ieeeexplore.ieee.org
www.geneticengineering.org
www.wikipedia.com/geneticen
gineering
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