Semiconductors are materials that have conductivity between conductors and insulators. They are the basis of modern electronics and essential for applications that impact daily life like communication, computing, healthcare, transportation, clean energy, and defense. Semiconductors have advanced significantly since their discovery in the late 19th century. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence will further drive semiconductor development to enable applications like personalized healthcare using data and algorithms. Sustainability is also an important consideration for the energy-intensive semiconductor manufacturing industry.

1. Semiconductors: Bridging the
Future

2. REPRESENTER
NAME & ID
• SHAHADOT HOSSAIN 232001046
• MD. NAGIB MAHMUM 232001037
• MEHEDI HASAN 232001060
• MD. SIFAT MAHMUD 232001077
• MD. AMINUL ISLAM 232001037

3. INTRODUCTION
Semiconductors are materials that have electrical
conductivity between conductors and insulators. They are
the basis of modern electronics, as they can be used to
create devices that perform various functions, such as
switching, amplifying, converting, and storing information.
Semiconductors are also essential for many applications that impact our daily lives, such as
communication, computing, healthcare, transportation, clean energy, and defense .

4. Foundations of Semiconductors
The understanding of semiconductor materials began with the discovery of the
photoconductivity of selenium by Willoughby Smith in the late 19th century.
However, it was not until the early 20th century that researchers like Albert
Einstein and Arthur Schuster contributed to the theoretical understanding of the
photoelectric effect and semiconductor behavior
1. Discovery of Semiconductors (Late 19th to Early 20th Century): The
understanding of semiconductor materials began with the
discovery of the photoconductivity of selenium by Willoughby Smith
in the late 19th century
2. Invention of the Transistor (1947): The invention of the transistor at
Bell Labs by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley in
1947 marked a groundbreaking development.
3. Integrated Circuits (1958): Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert
Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor independently developed the
concept of the integrated circuit in 1958.
4. Microprocessor Revolution (1971): Intel introduced the first
microprocessor, the Intel 4004, in 1971. This marked the beginning of
the microprocessor era, enabling the development of powerful and
versatile computing devices.

5. Overview of the current semiconductor landscape
01 02 03 04
Shortages and Supply
Chain Challenges:. The
semiconductor industry has faced
challenges, including supply chain
disruptions and shortages in
recent years. These challenges
have been influenced by factors
such as increased demand for
electronics, geopolitical tensions,
and disruptions caused by the
COVID-19 pandemic.
Demand for
Semiconductor
Devices:The demand for
semiconductor devices
has been consistently high,
driven by the growing use
of technology in various
sectors, including
consumer electronics,
automotive, healthcare,
and industrial applications..
Manufacturing
Technologies: Semiconductor
manufacturing processes have
continued to advance, with a focus
on smaller transistor sizes,
improved energy efficiency, and
higher performance. Leading-edge
nodes, such as 7nm and 5nm,
have become standard for
cutting-edge semiconductor
manufacturing.
Market Leaders: Companies
like Intel, Samsung, Taiwan
Semiconductor Manufacturing
Company (TSMC), and Advanced
Micro Devices (AMD) have been
prominent players. TSMC, in
particular, is a major foundry
providing semiconductor
manufacturing services to various
semiconductor companies.

6. Challenges in Semiconductor Technology
Power consumption
This is the amount of
energy that a device
consumes during its
operation. Power
consumption is related to
the voltage, current, and
resistance of the device,
as well as the switching
frequency and the
number of transistors.
Heat dissipation Quantum limitations
This is the amount of heat
that a device generates
and releases during its
operation. Heat dissipation
is related to the power
consumption, the thermal
conductivity, and the
cooling mechanism of the
device
These are the physical
limitations that arise from
the quantum nature of
matter and energy at the
nanoscale. Quantum
limitations can affect the
accuracy, stability, and
scalability of the device, as
well as the feasibility of the
device

7. Emerging Technologies - Beyond Moore's Law

8. The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The intersection of semiconductors and AI is a
fascinating and important topic, as it involves
the mutual influence and interdependence of
two cutting-edge technologies.
Semiconductors are the basic building blocks
of AI, as they enable the processing, storage,
and transmission of data that AI algorithms
rely on
Semiconductor advancements are driving the
development of AI technologies in various
ways, such as: Enabling faster and more
efficient data processing and storage, which
are essential for AI applications that rely on
large amounts of data and complex
algorithms
Machine learning, deep learning, and edge
computing are three interrelated technologies
that have been gaining popularity in recent
years. Machine learning is a branch of artificial
intelligence that enables computers to learn
from data and make predictions or decisions
without being explicitly programmed

9. Semiconductor Applications in 2050
AI and ML are rapidly advancing fields that use algorithms and data to
create systems that can perform tasks such as natural language
processing, computer vision, speech recognition, and decision making.
AI and ML require powerful semiconductors that can handle large
amounts of data and complex computations
In healthcare, we might see more personalized and preventive
approaches to health and wellness, based on hyper-personalized
insights from data and AI. People might use validated apps, wearables,
and connected devices to monitor their health and receive guidance
from virtual coaches and digital twins. Vaccines, genetic testing, and
therapies might be used to boost vitality, wellness, and immune health.

10. Sustainable Semiconductor Technologies
• Sustainability in semiconductor manufacturing is a very important topic, as it affects not
only the environment, but also the profitability and competitiveness of the industry.
Semiconductor manufacturing is a highly energy-intensive and resource-consuming
process, which generates significant greenhouse gas emissions and waste.
• Semiconductors are essential for achieving a greener future, as they enable the
development and deployment of renewable energy technologies, such as solar, wind,
and hydro power. Semiconductors can also help reduce the energy consumption and
carbon emissions of various devices and systems, such as computers, smartphones,
electric vehicles, and smart grids.
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11. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the world of semiconductors stands
at the forefront of technological innovation,
acting as the linchpin that bridges the present to
an ever-evolving future. From the inception of
transistors to the intricate architectures of
modern processors, semiconductors have fueled
the relentless progress of the electronics industry.

12. THANK YOU