The Sultanate of Rum seceded from the Great Seljuk Empire in 1077 under Suleiman ibn Qutulmish following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, with its capitals first in Iznik and then Konya. It reached its height of power in the late 12th and early 13th century when it succeeded in taking key Byzantine ports on the Mediterranean and Black Seas. However, it eventually succumbed to the Mongol invasion in 1243 and spent the 13th century as a vassal to the Ilkhanate, with its power disintegrating until the last Seljuk vassal sultan was murdered in 1308.

1. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
‫روم‬ ‫سلجوقیان‬
1077–1308

2. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The Sultanate of Rûm (also known as the
Rûm sultanate (Persian: ‫روم‬ ‫سلجوقیان‬ ,
Saljuqiyān-e Rum), Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate,
Sultanate of Iconium, Anatolian Seljuk State
or Seljuk Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Selçukluları
was a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim state
established in the parts of Anatolia which had
been conquered from the Byzantine Empire by
the Seljuk Empire, which was established by
the Seljuk Turks.

3. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum

4. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The name Rûm was
a synonym for Greek,
as it remains in
modern Turkish,
although it derives
from the Arabic name
for ancient Rome,
ُ‫م‬‫و‬ُّ‫الر‬ar-Rūm, itself a
loan from Koine
Greek Ῥωμαῖοι,
"Romans, citizens of
the Eastern Roman
Empire".

5. Supposed Coat of Arms of the sultans of Rum
(A double-headed eagle relief, 13th-century
architectural fragment found at Konya)

6. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
In the east, the sultanate absorbed other Turkish
states and reached Lake Van. Trade from Iran and
Central Asia across Anatolia was developed by a
system of caravanserai. Especially strong trade ties
with the Genoese formed during this period.

7. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The Seljuq sultans bore the
brunt of the Crusades and
eventually succumbed to the
Mongol invasion at the 1243
Battle of Köse Dağ. For the
remainder of the 13th century,
the Seljuqs acted as vassals
of the Ilkhanate.Their power
disintegrated during the
second half of the 13th
century. The last of the Seljuq
vassal sultans of the
Ilkhanate, Mesud II, was
murdered in 1308.

8. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
Kilij Arslan, although victorious in the
People's Crusade of 1096, was
defeated by soldiers of the First
Crusade and driven back into south-
central Anatolia, where he set up his
state with capital in Konya. He
defeated three Crusade contingents
in the 1101 Crusade. In 1107, he
ventured east and captured Mosul but
died the same year fighting Malik
Shah's son, Mehmed Tapar. He was
the first Muslim commander against
the crusades.

9. Seljuk Sultanate
of Rum in 1190.

10. Disintegration of Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The Seljuq state had started to split into
small emirates (beyliks) that increasingly
distanced themselves from both Mongol
and Seljuq control. In 1277, responding to
a call from Anatolia, the Mamluk sultan,
Baibars, raided Anatolia and defeated the
Mongols, temporarily replacing them as
the administrator of the Seljuq realm.

11. Declining Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The declining Sultanate of Rûm, vassal of the
Mongols, and the emerging beyliks, c. 1300

12. Bibliography
Bosworth, C. E. (2004). The New Islamic
Dynasties: a Chronological and Genealogical
Manual. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-
7486-2137-7.
Bektaş, Cengiz (1999). Selcuklu
Kervansarayları, Korunmaları Ve Kullanlmaları
üzerine bir öneri: A Proposal regarding the
Seljuk Caravanserais, Their Protection and
Use (in Turkish and English). ISBN 975-7438-
75-8.

13. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The Sultanate of Rum seceded from the
Great Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn
Qutulmish in 1077, following the Battle of
Manzikert (1071), with capitals first at İznik
and then at Konya. It reached the height of
its power during the late 12th and early
13th century, when it succeeded in taking
Byzantine key ports on the Mediterranean
and Black Sea coasts

14. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The Sultanate of Rum seceded from the
Great Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn
Qutulmish in 1077, following the Battle of
Manzikert (1071), with capitals first at İznik
and then at Konya. It reached the height of
its power during the late 12th and early
13th century, when it succeeded in taking
Byzantine key ports on the Mediterranean
and Black Sea coasts

15. Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum
The Sultanate of Rum seceded from the
Great Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn
Qutulmish in 1077, following the Battle of
Manzikert (1071), with capitals first at İznik
and then at Konya. It reached the height of
its power during the late 12th and early
13th century, when it succeeded in taking
Byzantine key ports on the Mediterranean
and Black Sea coasts