The document summarizes seismic zones and earthquake risk in India. It discusses that India has high earthquake frequency and intensity due to the Indian plate driving into Asia at 47 mm/year. Approximately 54% of India's land is vulnerable to earthquakes. A report estimates that 200 million Indian city dwellers will be exposed to storms and earthquakes by 2050. India has five seismic zones from I to V based on expected earthquake damage, with Zone V being the highest risk area including Kashmir, the Himalayas, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
SEMINOR
BY
Arunkumar T

2. SEISMIC ZONES
• Seismic zone or seismic belt is an area of seismicity potentially
sharing a common cause. It may also be a region on a map for
which a common areal rate of seismicity is assumed for the purpose
of calculating probabilistic ground motion.
Earthquake:
An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy
in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
Earthquakes may occur naturally or as a result of human
activities. Smaller earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity,
landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.

3. SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA
The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that
the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year.
Geographical statistics of India show that almost 54% of the land is vulnerable
to earthquakes.
A World Bank and United Nations report shows estimates that around
200 million city dwellers in India will be exposed to storms and
earthquakes by 2050.

4. SEISMIC ZONES TYPE
ZONE – V
This zone covers the areas with the highest risk of suffering
earthquakes of intensity greater. It is referred to as the Very High
Damage Risk Zone. The regions of Kashmir, the Western and Central
Himalayas, North and Middle Bihar, the North-East Indian region,
the Rann of Kutch and the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands fall
in this zone.
Zone - IV
This zone is called the High Damage Risk Zone and covers areas
liable to more. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains (North
Punjab, Chandigarh, Western Uttar Pradesh, Terai, North Bengal,
the Sundarbans) and the capital of the country Delhi fall in Zone 4.
In Maharashtra, the Patan area (Koynanagar) is also in Zone 4.

5. SEISMIC ZONES TYPE
Zone – III
This zone is classified as a Moderate Damage Risk Zone which is
liable to MSK VII. The IS code assigns a zone factor of 0.16 for Zone 3.
Several megacities like Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bhubaneshwar l
ie in this zone.
Zone – II
This region is liable to lower and is classified as the Low Damage
Risk Zone.