Security concerns regarding Vulnerabilities

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Security concerns regarding Vulnerabilities.pdf

Software

Friendly Tip: Please take notes to better remember concepts
In this video we will
learn about Security
concerns regarding
Vulnerabilities
Core Cyber Security Concepts

Vulnerability :
Vulnerability refers to a flaw
in the system. It's a flaw that
can be taken advantage of by
attackers. Vulnerabilities leave
the system/network open to
attacks

A software vulnerability is a defect in software that could allow an
attacker to gain control of a system. These defects can be because of
the way the software is designed, or because of a flaw in the way that
it’s coded.
An attacker can exploit a software vulnerability to steal or manipulate
sensitive data, join a system to a botnet, install a backdoor, or plant
other types of malware. Also, after penetrating into one network host,
the attacker could use that host to break into other hosts on the same
network.
What Can an Attacker Do with a Software Vulnerability?

A zero-day vulnerability is a flaw in a piece of software that is
unknown to the programmer(s) or vendor(s) responsible for the
application(s). Because the vulnerability isn’t known, there is no
patch available. It's common in legacy platforms and newly
introduced Operating sytems.
Most often, exploits against a zero-day vulnerability are a very
rarely discovered right away. It can often take days or months
before these flaws are found which is what makes these types of
vulnerabilities so dangerous.

Vulnerability Scanning
" It's the process of inspecting
systems and networks for
vulnerabilities, which can be
taken adantage of, to disrupt and
take control of IT infrastructure "
Specialized tools/softwares
known as vulnerability scanners
are used to help administrators
find and address vulnerabilities.

Patch Management :
" Patch Management involves acquiring, testing
and installing patches to fix bugs and remove
vulnerabilities on a computer system "
-> Patch Management Tasks
Maintaining accurate info of available patches
Deciding which patches are appropriate based
on device types
Making sure that Patches are properly installed
System Testing
Documenting every step taken
Note: improper patch
management creates
vulnerabilities

Weak host configurations
Simply put this means weak security controls and policies that pose a
threat to the host device. If the device is running on default settings
without any system hardening or security controls in place, the device
has weak host configurations and it's an easy target/ weak point for
attackers. This includes:
Weak Encryption
Use of devices on Default Settings
Open permissions on devices
Open Ports & Services
Unsecured root/admin accounts
Weak internet protocols

Supply Chain Risks
Poor Information
Security Practices by
low-tier suppliers
and other third
party data
storage/service
providers.

Supply Chain Risks
Use of Compromised
software/hardware
Vulnerability in
supplier systems

Supply Chain Countermeasures
The strength of Supply chain security
is only as strong as it's weakest link.
All parties must be in compliance with
Information security standards.
Robust IT security should be setup
Organizations must be certified of international
standards assuring Cyber Security.
To minimize the risk of Cyber attacks on Supply
chain, following countermeasures should be in
place:

Source:
https://jfrog.com/knowledge-base/software-vulnerability/
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/what-is-a-zero-day-
vulnerability/

Traditional Reconnaissance and Attacks, Malicious Software, Defense in Depth, Preventive Measures, Intrusion Monitoring and Detection, Reactive Measures, Reconnaissance and attack: In this phase, the attacker attempts to compromise the target using various methods based on the reconnaissance findings. Some methods Used in Compromising the Target: Password Attacks: Attackers exploit weak passwords or commonly used words through dictionary attacks to gain unauthorized access. Buffer Overflows: This common vulnerability is popular among attackers as it allows for remote execution and complete compromise of the target. SQL Injection: A type of vulnerability relevant to Web servers with a database backend, allowing attackers to manipulate databases and potentially access sensitive data. Toolkits and Metasploit: Attackers leverage automated toolkits like Metasploit to conduct and execute customized attacks on chosen targets. Reconnaissance is the process of gathering information about a target network, system, or organization without directly engaging in harmful activities. An attack is an intentional, harmful action directed at a target network, system, or application with the intent of compromising its security or causing damage. - Purpose of Reconnaissance: Gathering Information about the Target Methods for Reconnaissance: Ping and Traceroute: Unveiling IP addresses and plotting the target's network landscape. Pings authenticate a host's presence, while Traceroute capitalizes on the TTL field in IP packets. Port Scans: Spotting vulnerable access points on the target's network. Vulnerability Scanning: Probing the target for weak spots using cutting-edge tools like SATAN, SARA, SAINT, and Nessus.

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In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system\'s information assurance. Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements: a system susceptibility or flaw, attacker access to the flaw, and attacker capability to exploit the flaw.[1] To exploit a vulnerability, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a system weakness. In this frame, vulnerability is also known as the attack surface. Vulnerabilities are flaws in computer software that create weaknesses in your computer or network’s overall security. Vulnerabilities can also be created by improper computer or security configurations. Threats exploit the weaknesses of vulnerabilities, resulting in potential damage to the computer or its data. The impact of a security breach can be very high. The fact that IT managers, or upper management, can (easily) know that IT systems and applications have vulnerabilities and do not perform any action to manage the IT risk is seen as a misconduct in most legislations. Intrusion detection system is an example of a class of systems used to detect attacks. Some sets of criteria to be satisfied by a computer, its operating system and applications in order to meet a good security level have been developed: ITSEC and Common criteria are two examples. Vulnerability falls under security like computer security, network security,etc. How to mitigate the risk § Install Anti-Virus Software. Ensure that reputable anti-virus software is installed on all computers. This should include all servers, PCs and laptops. If employees use computers at home for business use or to remotely access the network, these PCs should also have anti-virus software installed. § Ensure that the anti-virus software is up to date. Everyday new computer viruses are being released and it is essential that businesses are protected from these viruses by keeping the anti-virus software up to date. If possible, companies should look at policies whereby computers that do not have the most up to date anti-virus software installed are not allowed to connect to the network. § Employ a firewall to protect networks. As computer viruses can spread by means other than email, it is important that unwanted traffic is blocked from entering the network by using a firewall. For users that use computers for business away from the protection of the company’s network, such as home PCs or laptops, a personal firewall should be installed to ensure the computer is protected. § Filter all email traffic. All incoming and outgoing email should be filtered for computer viruses. This filter should ideally be at the perimeter of the network to prevent computer viruses. Emails with certain file attachments commonly used by computer viruses to spread themselves, such as .EXE, .COM and .SCR files, should also be prevented from entering the network. § Educate all users to be careful of suspicious e-mails. Ensure that all users know to .

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Running Head: RISK, THREAT AND VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT 1 RISK, THREAT AND VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT 2 Risk, Threat and Vulnerability Management 1. Introduction A general review of threats and vulnerabilities on IT systems was carried out by an American based company known as Para Delta that deals with information technology and sells electronic software. This was done in order to assist the firms to come up with effective security control measures which reduce the risk and threats on the IT networks. Para Delta Company developed procedures through which threat and vulnerability can be managed. The management steps provide emphasis on advance action of network security tasks such as insertion testing. Some automatic systems have advanced antivirus software installed in them, which are not able to identify the specific security threat and vulnerability even though they are capable of detecting dangers. The Para Delta came up with solutions to these threats by creating a threat intelligence foundation that combines human capability and data-driven intersection. Cyber-attacks and risk management are done by first assessing vulnerabilities that help to identify the common threats and the magnitude of their effects on the manufacturing environment. The right set of security arrangements and risk management procedures are required to avoid cybersecurity vulnerabilities that pose serious threats to IT networks. The company found out that there is a need to develop guidelines and techniques which avail adequate information security to secure the operating system. By protecting the information and information systems create an affirmative foundation for strong information. This initiative helps to mitigate risks on the IT networks by protecting it from unauthorized access or destruction. Frameworks given by IT security procedures provide management to the information technology and governance. Frameworks also acknowledge IT governance objectives and good actions by the IT process. Companies are required to develop policies on the planning processes of information security systems, which again require plans of action for implementing security controls. This makes it possible for the provision of a more confidential information system and its availability. 2. The Analysis of Security Baseline The analysis was carried out by the Para Delta Company through the identification of various procedures, security requirements, the security attacks to the enterprise network control systems, and network infrastructure with security posture components. 2.1. Security requirements and goals The Para Delta Company carried out an analysis of security baseline through which the identification of various security necessities and results were listed for the preparation of any action of security baseline. The company found out that for strong networks of IT control system to be achieved ...

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Security concerns regarding Vulnerabilities

1. Friendly Tip: Please take notes to better remember concepts In this video we will learn about Security concerns regarding Vulnerabilities Core Cyber Security Concepts

2. Vulnerability : Vulnerability refers to a flaw in the system. It's a flaw that can be taken advantage of by attackers. Vulnerabilities leave the system/network open to attacks

3. A software vulnerability is a defect in software that could allow an attacker to gain control of a system. These defects can be because of the way the software is designed, or because of a flaw in the way that it’s coded. An attacker can exploit a software vulnerability to steal or manipulate sensitive data, join a system to a botnet, install a backdoor, or plant other types of malware. Also, after penetrating into one network host, the attacker could use that host to break into other hosts on the same network. What Can an Attacker Do with a Software Vulnerability?

4. A zero-day vulnerability is a flaw in a piece of software that is unknown to the programmer(s) or vendor(s) responsible for the application(s). Because the vulnerability isn’t known, there is no patch available. It's common in legacy platforms and newly introduced Operating sytems. Most often, exploits against a zero-day vulnerability are a very rarely discovered right away. It can often take days or months before these flaws are found which is what makes these types of vulnerabilities so dangerous.

5. Vulnerability Scanning " It's the process of inspecting systems and networks for vulnerabilities, which can be taken adantage of, to disrupt and take control of IT infrastructure " Specialized tools/softwares known as vulnerability scanners are used to help administrators find and address vulnerabilities.

6. Patch Management : " Patch Management involves acquiring, testing and installing patches to fix bugs and remove vulnerabilities on a computer system " -> Patch Management Tasks Maintaining accurate info of available patches Deciding which patches are appropriate based on device types Making sure that Patches are properly installed System Testing Documenting every step taken Note: improper patch management creates vulnerabilities

7. Weak host configurations Simply put this means weak security controls and policies that pose a threat to the host device. If the device is running on default settings without any system hardening or security controls in place, the device has weak host configurations and it's an easy target/ weak point for attackers. This includes: Weak Encryption Use of devices on Default Settings Open permissions on devices Open Ports & Services Unsecured root/admin accounts Weak internet protocols

8. Supply Chain Risks Poor Information Security Practices by low-tier suppliers and other third party data storage/service providers.

9. Supply Chain Risks Use of Compromised software/hardware Vulnerability in supplier systems

10. Supply Chain Countermeasures The strength of Supply chain security is only as strong as it's weakest link. All parties must be in compliance with Information security standards. Robust IT security should be setup Organizations must be certified of international standards assuring Cyber Security. To minimize the risk of Cyber attacks on Supply chain, following countermeasures should be in place:

11. Source: https://jfrog.com/knowledge-base/software-vulnerability/ https://www.techrepublic.com/article/what-is-a-zero-day- vulnerability/

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