The main purpose of this project is to perform Security Analysis of Cement Sector and find out the possibilities and opportunities in this sector which can maximize the return. Indian economy being the one of the developing economies in the world, companies in India are growing at a faster rate as compared to the growth rate decade back. Many Indian companies are expanding their business globally with merger and acquisition. As companies grow their investors get benefitted with good dividend and capital appreciation. Valuations can be done by two ways approach .One is top down approach and second is bottom up approach. It begins with analysis of sector in which one wants to invest, if the sector looks positive then analyse various companies in the sector. A company is analysed fundamentally to check its performance and financial strength. Technical analysis is used to decide right price to buy stock and to study various chart patterns of selected companies. The observed patterns are tested with various indicators and oscillators and decision about particular stock is made. Based on price movement trend of a particular stock is observed. This report starts with the sector analysis of cement industry followed by fundamental analysis of the companies. Analysis of the sector has been done. Cement industry is analysed on the basis of various factors and indicators and ratios. After analysing these companies, stock price is estimated by Relative Valuation Method and the shares have been bought by means of creating a portfolio. Ratios are calculated and then the growth and value of the stock were determined. This report means to narrow down the gap between retail investor and equity market by simplifying basic investment strategies and give basic knowledge about fundamental and technical analysis. This report will help the investors to recognise about the current growth potential of Indian Economy in relation with Cement sector. They will get to know various factors affecting this sector and their impact on the growth of the sector. It will help them in comparing the stocks and their predicted future share prices, to invest in better options and get maximum returns. Rachana Mohalkar "Security Analysis of Cement Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/28108/security-analysis-of-cement-industry/rachana-mohalkar
Always wear proper personal protective equipment and inspect and maintain it. You are responsible for your own safety and others, so report any unsafe acts or conditions and avoid taking shortcuts or engaging in horseplay or fights. Communicate risks and follow all safety procedures and instructions.
This document discusses various terms and techniques related to safety management, including:
1. Safety tours, surveys, sampling, inspections, and audits which are used to monitor workplace safety standards.
2. The relationship between absenteeism and safety, and how safety contacts can help address issues caused by carelessness or ignorance.
3. The importance of promoting both on-the-job and off-the-job safety, as well as tools like job safety analysis (JSA) that are used to control accidents and losses.
This document provides a summary of Pooranam Kirubhakar's professional experience and qualifications. He has over 18 years of experience in quality assurance, welding inspection, and fabrication across various petroleum refineries. He holds several certifications including ASNT Level-III, AWS certified ISO 9001 Lead Auditor, and Nace Certified Level-I Coating Inspector. His experience includes roles as a QA/QC engineer, welding inspector, and RT Level-III technician for numerous projects in India, the Middle East, and Africa.
This document contains the resume of Shamim Ahmad Siddique, who has over 10 years of experience as a Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Manager. He has a degree in science and a diploma in safety management. He is certified in numerous safety standards from the UK, US, and other countries. Siddique has worked on infrastructure projects in Saudi Arabia, implementing HSE policies and procedures, conducting safety training programs and inspections, and ensuring regulatory compliance. His objective is to create safe working environments and optimize business outcomes through his safety leadership skills.
This document outlines welding and cutting hazards and procedures to prevent injuries. It discusses preparing the work area, inspecting equipment, using proper protective gear like eye protection and respiratory masks, preventing electric shock and fires, handling gas cylinders safely, and ensuring adequate ventilation. Following the proper safety measures and training employees is key to controlling hazards and maintaining a safe work environment.
This Job Safety Analysis sheet summarizes the key safety steps and hazards for a job involving heat treatment of a pipe spool. The key steps are planning, heat treatment, and windup/housekeeping. Hazards identified include electrical shock, fire, and burns from hot pipes. Precautions specified are obtaining permits, barricading work areas, ensuring proper insulation and dry conditions, monitoring equipment temperatures, and conducting a toolbox talk. The JSA also notes not leaving equipment unattended and prohibiting rapid heating/cooling of pipe segments.
This document discusses the duties and responsibilities of fire watches. It outlines key tasks for fire watches including monitoring hot work, recognizing fire signs, using appropriate protective equipment, extinguishing fires quickly, and focusing on areas needing fire watches. The document also provides figures illustrating fire watches in action keeping work areas damp, applying water, monitoring cutters, and communicating with work crews.
Always wear proper personal protective equipment and inspect and maintain it. You are responsible for your own safety and others, so report any unsafe acts or conditions and avoid taking shortcuts or engaging in horseplay or fights. Communicate risks and follow all safety procedures and instructions.
This document discusses various terms and techniques related to safety management, including:
1. Safety tours, surveys, sampling, inspections, and audits which are used to monitor workplace safety standards.
2. The relationship between absenteeism and safety, and how safety contacts can help address issues caused by carelessness or ignorance.
3. The importance of promoting both on-the-job and off-the-job safety, as well as tools like job safety analysis (JSA) that are used to control accidents and losses.
This document provides a summary of Pooranam Kirubhakar's professional experience and qualifications. He has over 18 years of experience in quality assurance, welding inspection, and fabrication across various petroleum refineries. He holds several certifications including ASNT Level-III, AWS certified ISO 9001 Lead Auditor, and Nace Certified Level-I Coating Inspector. His experience includes roles as a QA/QC engineer, welding inspector, and RT Level-III technician for numerous projects in India, the Middle East, and Africa.
This document contains the resume of Shamim Ahmad Siddique, who has over 10 years of experience as a Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Manager. He has a degree in science and a diploma in safety management. He is certified in numerous safety standards from the UK, US, and other countries. Siddique has worked on infrastructure projects in Saudi Arabia, implementing HSE policies and procedures, conducting safety training programs and inspections, and ensuring regulatory compliance. His objective is to create safe working environments and optimize business outcomes through his safety leadership skills.
This document outlines welding and cutting hazards and procedures to prevent injuries. It discusses preparing the work area, inspecting equipment, using proper protective gear like eye protection and respiratory masks, preventing electric shock and fires, handling gas cylinders safely, and ensuring adequate ventilation. Following the proper safety measures and training employees is key to controlling hazards and maintaining a safe work environment.
This Job Safety Analysis sheet summarizes the key safety steps and hazards for a job involving heat treatment of a pipe spool. The key steps are planning, heat treatment, and windup/housekeeping. Hazards identified include electrical shock, fire, and burns from hot pipes. Precautions specified are obtaining permits, barricading work areas, ensuring proper insulation and dry conditions, monitoring equipment temperatures, and conducting a toolbox talk. The JSA also notes not leaving equipment unattended and prohibiting rapid heating/cooling of pipe segments.
This document discusses the duties and responsibilities of fire watches. It outlines key tasks for fire watches including monitoring hot work, recognizing fire signs, using appropriate protective equipment, extinguishing fires quickly, and focusing on areas needing fire watches. The document also provides figures illustrating fire watches in action keeping work areas damp, applying water, monitoring cutters, and communicating with work crews.
More than 9 years’ hand on experience in the fields of Drafting, Designing, fabrication and Construction of Static Equipments, Piping and Steel Structure in Different Engineering and EPC Companies.
SUPERVISOR CV for ONSHORE and OFFSHORE MECHANICAL, MANTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION ...Saleem P.P
This document contains the resume of Saleem Puthiya Ponnambath, who has 27 years of experience in the oil and gas industry in Gulf countries from 1989 to 2016. It lists his contact information, current position as a mechanical supervisor for oil and gas refinery and offshore maintenance, previous positions held, qualifications, certifications, skills, responsibilities and experience in areas like safety, maintenance, fabrication, welding, rigging, scaffolding, coating, testing, and more. It provides details of his educational background, nationality, family status and expectations from prospective employers.
Core Risk Assessment for Office work.docxIbrahimEsmat
This document contains a risk assessment for office and site work activities at a project in Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi. It identifies 8 activities with potential hazards and risks: 1) employee mobilization, 2) office work, 3) using printers, 4) using hole punchers/scissors/staplers, 5) using display screen equipment, 6) electrical connections, 7) working in hot/humid conditions, and 8) lack of information/awareness about working in heat. For each activity, it evaluates risk level, lists control measures to reduce risk, identifies responsible parties, and notes applicable legal references and standards. The overall goal is to reduce risk levels through trainings, proper equipment use,
A fun way to change up your safety training and make it a little more interactive and engaging for the group.
Minor Issues: All items on the Jeopardy Board are linked to a specific question. The answer to each question will appear after the click. You must click the "Jeopardy Board" link at the bottom of each slide after answering the question in order to return. Also, the selected items under each category on the Jeopardy Board will not show in slideshow mode as having already been selected.
This document outlines key points about emergency preparedness in the workplace. It discusses determining the likelihood of different emergency types, the minimum requirements for emergency action plans, and training requirements. An emergency action plan is a written document that describes procedures for reporting, evacuating in an emergency, and accounting for all employees. It must include evacuation routes, training for employees' emergency roles and responsibilities, and training whenever the plan changes or employees' responsibilities change. Coordinating emergency plans with local responders is also recommended.
This curriculum vitae outlines the qualifications and experience of Paul Baffour Asare. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering, as well as diplomas in project management and civil engineering. His experience includes drainage engineering, structural design, and project management roles. He has worked on infrastructure projects in Ghana and Kenya, managing contractors and reviewing designs to ensure safety and quality standards.
This safety observation report documents a site visit where potential safety issues were observed and categorized. Corrective actions were recommended and follow ups will track the status of addressing each issue. The report aims to improve safety practices on an construction project through monitoring and feedback.
This method statement summarizes the pipe welding work to be done at a power generation building. It outlines the key equipment needed like welding machines, materials, and safety gear. It describes access to the work area, fall protection measures, and hazardous substances. The responsibilities of roles involved are defined. The work sequence is then outlined which involves preparing pipes and fittings, fitting up as per welding procedures, qualified supervision, and quality inspection. Installation and inspection will follow the quality control document plan.
This document contains the resume of Nasir Ahmed, who has over 11 years of experience as a Quality Control Inspector and Engineer focusing on piping, welding inspection, and non-destructive testing. He is seeking new assignments with a growth-oriented organization. His experience includes working on major construction projects in the Middle East and India for industries including petrochemicals, fertilizers, oil and gas, and power.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Prajin, a HSE officer with over 9 years of experience in civil construction safety and oil and gas. He holds several health and safety certifications and has worked on numerous projects in the UAE and India as a HSE officer and safety officer. Prajin is looking for a new position as a HSE officer where he can focus on continuous improvement and career development.
Experienced Quality Assurance Quality Control Inspector With a demonstrated history of working in the construction industry. Skilled in Microsoft and project engineering Strong Quality Controller Professional focused in Civil engineering.
This document provides an overview of behavior-based safety. It defines key concepts like activators, behaviors, and consequences using the ABC model of behavior change. Unsafe behaviors, not incidents or injuries, are identified as the root cause of 96% of injuries. The power of consequences on behaviors is emphasized, with positive reinforcement being the most effective at increasing safe behaviors. A behavior-based safety program involves pinpointing critical behaviors, communicating expectations, conducting observations to provide feedback, and using data to reinforce safe behaviors and correct unsafe ones. The goal is to measure and modify behaviors to drive cultural and accident rate improvements over time.
Rigging supervisor / Rigging and Lifting TrainerMohammed HASHEER
I am a Certified Rigging and Lifting Instructor and Supervisor with 22 years of professional experience gained from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Dubai (UAE) as well as India, have worked for Ship repair and New building, Oil and Gas Offshore Construction and Civil Construction projects.
The document discusses safety management in construction. It outlines that safety should be a priority at all stages - from planning and design to execution and maintenance. Non-engineered structures pose greater risks of collapse compared to engineered structures which are designed and constructed following engineering practices and codes. The document emphasizes that a safety culture needs to be instilled in the construction industry, with safety provisions incorporated at all stages from initial planning to final maintenance of a project. Engineers and architects must play a lead role in ensuring safety is a primary consideration.
Rattan Lal Rajput is applying for the position of Camp Boss. He has over 22 years of experience working in catering and camp management roles for oil and gas companies. He holds a BSc degree from Islamia College Sukkur and a six-month computer course certificate. His responsibilities would include managing labor accommodation, maintaining safety and security, and overseeing daily camp operations and reporting.
This document provides an annual performance summary for the HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) activities of Furnace Fabrica (India) Ltd's sulfur melting and filtration unit. It includes:
1. An introduction from the managing director outlining the company's commitment to HSE compliance, standards, training, and emergency response.
2. Overviews of the company's HSE performance metrics from 2011-2015, client audits by Jacobs Engineering, and external certification from DuPont in 2013.
3. Details on the company's environmental practices like a recycling program and monthly reporting, as well as achieving milestones of 1 million and 2 million safe man-hours in June 2013 and March 2015 respectively.
The document discusses personal protective equipment for construction site safety. It recommends wearing a hard helmet, ear plugs, safety glasses or goggles, safety shoes or boots, and gloves for piling work to protect from falling objects, loud noises, debris, foot hazards, and injuries. Additional safety gear like safety belts are required when working at heights or performing tasks like welding, grinding or material handling. Indian safety standards are referenced for various types of protective equipment. Vigilance is stressed along with maintaining safety devices, permits for hazardous areas, illumination, and medical exams.
The document discusses safe permits to work and provides examples of when they are required. It describes permits for hot work, confined space entry, excavations, and other hazardous jobs. Safe permits are used to identify hazards, require precautions, and protect workers from injury or accidents. Managers, supervisors and appointed persons are responsible for issuing permits and ensuring safety procedures are followed.
This document outlines elements of a health, safety, and environment (HS&E) and process safety management system. It includes 17 elements that cover topics such as leadership commitment, compliance with legislation, employee competency, hazard identification, documentation, operating procedures, management of change, and project management. Each element lists requirements and expectations for an effective HS&E and process safety system. The document provides a framework for organizations to establish and maintain robust HS&E and process safety protections.
Building work method statement cm - ms- bw - 001Minh Bui Si
This document provides a method statement for building construction works for the Cai Mep International Container Terminal project. It outlines the scope of works, reference documents, construction procedures and quality control measures. The construction work will involve earthworks, piling, reinforced concrete works, structural steelworks, architectural works and M&E installations. Procedures are provided for excavation, backfilling, pile driving, concrete works and other construction activities. Quality control measures include material inspections and testing to ensure compliance with specifications.
The document provides an equity research report on ACC Ltd covering various analyses:
1) A macroeconomic analysis of key Indian economic indicators and their impact on the cement sector.
2) An analysis of the Indian cement industry including key facts and future prospects.
3) An overview of ACC Ltd's history, management, market position, and plant locations.
4) Valuations of ACC Ltd using DCF and comparable company methods resulting in a target stock price.
5) A financial analysis of ACC Ltd's quarterly performance and key ratios.
This document provides an overview of the Indian industry and infrastructure sectors. It discusses key industrial production and growth statistics. It outlines various government initiatives to boost the industrial sector, including improvements to ease of doing business, the Startup India program, and foreign direct investment policies. It also examines sector-specific issues and performance in industries like steel, gems and jewelry, leather, MSMEs, textiles, and others. Finally, it analyzes the importance of infrastructure development for the economy and provides details on sectors like roads, railways, aviation, shipping, telecom, power, housing, and smart cities initiatives.
More than 9 years’ hand on experience in the fields of Drafting, Designing, fabrication and Construction of Static Equipments, Piping and Steel Structure in Different Engineering and EPC Companies.
SUPERVISOR CV for ONSHORE and OFFSHORE MECHANICAL, MANTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION ...Saleem P.P
This document contains the resume of Saleem Puthiya Ponnambath, who has 27 years of experience in the oil and gas industry in Gulf countries from 1989 to 2016. It lists his contact information, current position as a mechanical supervisor for oil and gas refinery and offshore maintenance, previous positions held, qualifications, certifications, skills, responsibilities and experience in areas like safety, maintenance, fabrication, welding, rigging, scaffolding, coating, testing, and more. It provides details of his educational background, nationality, family status and expectations from prospective employers.
Core Risk Assessment for Office work.docxIbrahimEsmat
This document contains a risk assessment for office and site work activities at a project in Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi. It identifies 8 activities with potential hazards and risks: 1) employee mobilization, 2) office work, 3) using printers, 4) using hole punchers/scissors/staplers, 5) using display screen equipment, 6) electrical connections, 7) working in hot/humid conditions, and 8) lack of information/awareness about working in heat. For each activity, it evaluates risk level, lists control measures to reduce risk, identifies responsible parties, and notes applicable legal references and standards. The overall goal is to reduce risk levels through trainings, proper equipment use,
A fun way to change up your safety training and make it a little more interactive and engaging for the group.
Minor Issues: All items on the Jeopardy Board are linked to a specific question. The answer to each question will appear after the click. You must click the "Jeopardy Board" link at the bottom of each slide after answering the question in order to return. Also, the selected items under each category on the Jeopardy Board will not show in slideshow mode as having already been selected.
This document outlines key points about emergency preparedness in the workplace. It discusses determining the likelihood of different emergency types, the minimum requirements for emergency action plans, and training requirements. An emergency action plan is a written document that describes procedures for reporting, evacuating in an emergency, and accounting for all employees. It must include evacuation routes, training for employees' emergency roles and responsibilities, and training whenever the plan changes or employees' responsibilities change. Coordinating emergency plans with local responders is also recommended.
This curriculum vitae outlines the qualifications and experience of Paul Baffour Asare. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering, as well as diplomas in project management and civil engineering. His experience includes drainage engineering, structural design, and project management roles. He has worked on infrastructure projects in Ghana and Kenya, managing contractors and reviewing designs to ensure safety and quality standards.
This safety observation report documents a site visit where potential safety issues were observed and categorized. Corrective actions were recommended and follow ups will track the status of addressing each issue. The report aims to improve safety practices on an construction project through monitoring and feedback.
This method statement summarizes the pipe welding work to be done at a power generation building. It outlines the key equipment needed like welding machines, materials, and safety gear. It describes access to the work area, fall protection measures, and hazardous substances. The responsibilities of roles involved are defined. The work sequence is then outlined which involves preparing pipes and fittings, fitting up as per welding procedures, qualified supervision, and quality inspection. Installation and inspection will follow the quality control document plan.
This document contains the resume of Nasir Ahmed, who has over 11 years of experience as a Quality Control Inspector and Engineer focusing on piping, welding inspection, and non-destructive testing. He is seeking new assignments with a growth-oriented organization. His experience includes working on major construction projects in the Middle East and India for industries including petrochemicals, fertilizers, oil and gas, and power.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Prajin, a HSE officer with over 9 years of experience in civil construction safety and oil and gas. He holds several health and safety certifications and has worked on numerous projects in the UAE and India as a HSE officer and safety officer. Prajin is looking for a new position as a HSE officer where he can focus on continuous improvement and career development.
Experienced Quality Assurance Quality Control Inspector With a demonstrated history of working in the construction industry. Skilled in Microsoft and project engineering Strong Quality Controller Professional focused in Civil engineering.
This document provides an overview of behavior-based safety. It defines key concepts like activators, behaviors, and consequences using the ABC model of behavior change. Unsafe behaviors, not incidents or injuries, are identified as the root cause of 96% of injuries. The power of consequences on behaviors is emphasized, with positive reinforcement being the most effective at increasing safe behaviors. A behavior-based safety program involves pinpointing critical behaviors, communicating expectations, conducting observations to provide feedback, and using data to reinforce safe behaviors and correct unsafe ones. The goal is to measure and modify behaviors to drive cultural and accident rate improvements over time.
Rigging supervisor / Rigging and Lifting TrainerMohammed HASHEER
I am a Certified Rigging and Lifting Instructor and Supervisor with 22 years of professional experience gained from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Dubai (UAE) as well as India, have worked for Ship repair and New building, Oil and Gas Offshore Construction and Civil Construction projects.
The document discusses safety management in construction. It outlines that safety should be a priority at all stages - from planning and design to execution and maintenance. Non-engineered structures pose greater risks of collapse compared to engineered structures which are designed and constructed following engineering practices and codes. The document emphasizes that a safety culture needs to be instilled in the construction industry, with safety provisions incorporated at all stages from initial planning to final maintenance of a project. Engineers and architects must play a lead role in ensuring safety is a primary consideration.
Rattan Lal Rajput is applying for the position of Camp Boss. He has over 22 years of experience working in catering and camp management roles for oil and gas companies. He holds a BSc degree from Islamia College Sukkur and a six-month computer course certificate. His responsibilities would include managing labor accommodation, maintaining safety and security, and overseeing daily camp operations and reporting.
This document provides an annual performance summary for the HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) activities of Furnace Fabrica (India) Ltd's sulfur melting and filtration unit. It includes:
1. An introduction from the managing director outlining the company's commitment to HSE compliance, standards, training, and emergency response.
2. Overviews of the company's HSE performance metrics from 2011-2015, client audits by Jacobs Engineering, and external certification from DuPont in 2013.
3. Details on the company's environmental practices like a recycling program and monthly reporting, as well as achieving milestones of 1 million and 2 million safe man-hours in June 2013 and March 2015 respectively.
The document discusses personal protective equipment for construction site safety. It recommends wearing a hard helmet, ear plugs, safety glasses or goggles, safety shoes or boots, and gloves for piling work to protect from falling objects, loud noises, debris, foot hazards, and injuries. Additional safety gear like safety belts are required when working at heights or performing tasks like welding, grinding or material handling. Indian safety standards are referenced for various types of protective equipment. Vigilance is stressed along with maintaining safety devices, permits for hazardous areas, illumination, and medical exams.
The document discusses safe permits to work and provides examples of when they are required. It describes permits for hot work, confined space entry, excavations, and other hazardous jobs. Safe permits are used to identify hazards, require precautions, and protect workers from injury or accidents. Managers, supervisors and appointed persons are responsible for issuing permits and ensuring safety procedures are followed.
This document outlines elements of a health, safety, and environment (HS&E) and process safety management system. It includes 17 elements that cover topics such as leadership commitment, compliance with legislation, employee competency, hazard identification, documentation, operating procedures, management of change, and project management. Each element lists requirements and expectations for an effective HS&E and process safety system. The document provides a framework for organizations to establish and maintain robust HS&E and process safety protections.
Building work method statement cm - ms- bw - 001Minh Bui Si
This document provides a method statement for building construction works for the Cai Mep International Container Terminal project. It outlines the scope of works, reference documents, construction procedures and quality control measures. The construction work will involve earthworks, piling, reinforced concrete works, structural steelworks, architectural works and M&E installations. Procedures are provided for excavation, backfilling, pile driving, concrete works and other construction activities. Quality control measures include material inspections and testing to ensure compliance with specifications.
The document provides an equity research report on ACC Ltd covering various analyses:
1) A macroeconomic analysis of key Indian economic indicators and their impact on the cement sector.
2) An analysis of the Indian cement industry including key facts and future prospects.
3) An overview of ACC Ltd's history, management, market position, and plant locations.
4) Valuations of ACC Ltd using DCF and comparable company methods resulting in a target stock price.
5) A financial analysis of ACC Ltd's quarterly performance and key ratios.
This document provides an overview of the Indian industry and infrastructure sectors. It discusses key industrial production and growth statistics. It outlines various government initiatives to boost the industrial sector, including improvements to ease of doing business, the Startup India program, and foreign direct investment policies. It also examines sector-specific issues and performance in industries like steel, gems and jewelry, leather, MSMEs, textiles, and others. Finally, it analyzes the importance of infrastructure development for the economy and provides details on sectors like roads, railways, aviation, shipping, telecom, power, housing, and smart cities initiatives.
India is the second largest cement producer globally with a production capacity of around 455 million tonnes as of 2017-18. The cement industry is dominated by large private players and production is concentrated in the southern and western regions of the country. Key growth drivers for the cement industry include increased allocation for infrastructure projects in the Union Budget and various housing initiatives by the government which are expected to boost cement demand. Major players in the industry are undertaking expansion plans and capacity additions to leverage rising demand.
comprehensive project - I on cement industry PPTMansi Bhimani
India is the second largest cement producer in the world after China. The cement industry in India is dominated by around 20 major companies that produce around 70% of India's total cement. The key drivers of cement demand are the real estate sector, infrastructure projects, and industry expansion projects, with real estate being the largest driver of cement consumption. The demand for cement is closely tied to growth in the construction sector.
The document provides information about the cement manufacturing industry in India and South India, with a focus on Malabar Cements Limited. It discusses that India is the 2nd largest cement producer globally and the industry has grown significantly. It then describes Malabar Cements Limited, including that it is a state-owned cement manufacturer located in Kerala and was incorporated in 1978. The document outlines Malabar's vision, products, certifications and growth over time to becoming a leading cement producer in South India.
Ultratech Cement is the largest cement producer in India with an annual capacity of 67 million tonnes as of 2017. It has recently acquired the cement business of Jaiprakash Associates, making it the third largest player globally. The company plans to expand its capacity further to 71 million tonnes through brownfield and greenfield expansion projects involving investments of over $1 billion. It aims to leverage India's growing cement demand driven by housing and infrastructure development.
The global aerospace industry is driven primarily by growth in the civil and military aviation sectors. While the industry was estimated at $97 billion in 2007, the current global economic slowdown has caused uncertainty. However, air travel has become integral to the modern world. Long term, growth is expected to continue from factors like increased travel in emerging markets and military spending. India presents opportunities in both manufacturing and MRO services for the aerospace industry.
This document is a research project report on assessing the market performance of Birla White cement and designing strategies for enhancement by Grasim Industries. It includes sections on the objectives, scope, limitations of the study, introduction to the cement industry, industry profile, and current scenario. The key points are that it examines Birla White's strengths and future prospects in the cement sector through fundamental analysis and aims to recommend strategies to retain customers and increase goodwill.
The document provides an overview of the cement industry in India. Some key points:
- India is the second largest cement producer and market in the world. Cement production capacity was around 455 million tonnes as of 2017-18 and is expected to reach 550 million tonnes by 2020.
- The industry is dominated by private players, with the top 20 companies accounting for around 70% of total production. The largest concentration of cement plants is in the southern and western states.
- Cement demand is expected to grow at a 5-6% CAGR between 2017-2020, driven by growth in housing, infrastructure development, and government initiatives like the Smart Cities Mission.
March 2016 Edition of BEACON, A Monthly Newsletter by SIMCON.
Inside this issue:
About Us
Our Team
INDUSTRY ANALYSIS : Cement Industry
Brand Analysis: Walmart
Case Study Analysis: Johnson & Johnson
Concept of the month: SEO
India is the second largest cement producer in the world with a production capacity of around 455 million tonnes as of 2017-18. The cement industry in India is dominated by private players, with the top 20 companies accounting for around 70% of total production. Some of the key growth drivers for the cement industry in India include the government's focus on infrastructure development through initiatives like the Smart Cities Mission and AMRUT, as well as the Housing for All program which is expected to boost cement demand from the housing and real estate sectors. Cement demand is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5-6% between FY17-FY20 on the back of rising infrastructure spending and growth in housing and industrial development.
The document provides an overview of the cement industry in India. Some key points:
- India is the second largest cement producer globally with a production capacity of around 455 million tonnes as of 2017-18. Capacity is expected to reach 550 million tonnes by 2020.
- The industry is dominated by private players who account for 98% of total capacity. The top 20 companies produce around 70% of cement.
- Key markets are in the south, west, and central regions which have higher installed capacities. The largest concentrations of plants are in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu.
- Growth drivers include increased infrastructure spending, initiatives like Smart Cities and affordable housing,
Indian market has been booming since 2014, ever since the government announced its “Make in India” incentives for companies which were planning to make India as a base for manufacturing products.
Alpha International Private Ltd is planning to invest in manufacturing metro rail coaches in India. The investment strategy involves assessing India's macroeconomic environment, the broad metro rail coach market, financial markets, and relevant policies. India has a growing economy and is building extensive metro rail infrastructure, representing huge future demand for over 2000 new metro trains in the next 5 years. However, there are also challenges like the reluctance of private companies to invest and lack of low-cost financing. The way forward involves the Indian government providing incentives and a level playing field to attract private investment, address GST anomalies, and unlock public-private financing opportunities to develop a sustainable metro coach manufacturing venture that can meet domestic demand and later export globally.
The document discusses the industrial development of Tamil Nadu. It notes that Tamil Nadu has a diversified manufacturing sector and is a leader in industries like automobiles, engineering, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and chemicals. It outlines some of the key characteristics and factors influencing industrial productivity, including technological development, human resources, finance, management, government policy, and natural factors. It also mentions some of the key organizations promoting industrial development in Tamil Nadu, including TIDCO, SIPCOT, TIIC, and TSIDC. The National Manufacturing Policy aims to increase manufacturing GDP to 25% and create 100 million new jobs. The Index of Industrial Production provides monthly and annual data on the pace of industrial production growth in the
India Gas Genset Market Analysis 2027 | TechSci ResearchTechSci Research
Improved techniques with enhanced productivity, growing investments across upstream oil and gas sector, technological advancements and favorable government initiatives to bolster India gas genset market growth through FY2026. https://bit.ly/2Mrc0wJ
This document provides an overview of the cement industry in India. Some key points:
- India is the 2nd largest cement producer globally with a production capacity of nearly 420 million tonnes as of 2017. Capacity is expected to reach 550 million tonnes by 2025.
- The industry is dominated by large private players who account for around 70% of total production. The top 20 companies control a majority of the market.
- Key growth drivers for the industry are the housing sector which accounts for 67% of cement demand, and large infrastructure projects from the government including the smart cities initiative.
- Major opportunities exist in expanding capacity to meet rising demand, utilizing alternative fuels to reduce costs and emissions,
The document provides an overview of the cement industry in India. Some key points:
- India is the second largest cement producer globally with installed capacity reaching 502 MTPA in 2018. Capacity is expected to reach 550 MTPA by 2025.
- The industry is dominated by large private players who account for around 70% of total production. The top 20 companies control a majority share.
- Key growth drivers for the industry are large infrastructure projects, the government's housing initiatives, and increasing urbanization. Cement demand is projected to grow at 5-6% annually up to 2020.
- Major players are undertaking capacity expansion projects and greenfield investments to boost production. Total industry investments are expected to
The document provides an overview of the cement sector in India. It states that India is the 2nd largest producer of cement globally, with production growing at a 6.7% CAGR from 2007-2015. The cement sector contributes 1.5% to India's GDP and employs over 150,000 people directly and 500,000 indirectly. Key drivers of demand are housing, infrastructure, commercial and industrial construction. The government has introduced policies to boost housing, infrastructure and road projects that will increase cement demand. However, the sector faces challenges of high excise duties, logistics and railway constraints, unavailability of fly ash, and compliance with new emission standards.
Ultratech Cement is India's largest cement producer with an annual production capacity of 67 million tonnes. It operates integrated plants, white cement plants, and WallCare putty plants across India, UAE, Bahrain, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Ultratech is the largest exporter of cement from India, meeting demand in countries across regions like the Indian Ocean, Africa, Europe and the Middle East. The company recently acquired the cement business of Jaiprakash Associates for $2.4 billion, increasing its production capacity.
Similar to Security Analysis of Cement Industry (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 362
country. An important factor which helps in the growth of
this sector is the ready availability of the raw materials for
making cement, such as limestone and coal.
There are number of players prevailing in the cement
industry in India however Indian cement industry is
dominated by a few companies. There are around 20 big
names of Cement Company’s account for almost 70 per cent
of the total cement production of the country. Out of total
520 million tonnes cement production 410 million tonnes is
produced by 210 large cement plants whereas remaining
350 small plants accounting for the rest. Out of these 210
large cement plants, 77 are located in the states of Andhra
Pradesh, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.
Source: Cement Info-graphic May-19
The reason for choosing cement sector for analysis is scope of immense growth in this sector.Investmentininfrastructureand
construction is the main growth driver for the cement industry as cement is basic input. And with new government and new
promises it seems that the infrastructure development will be government’s first priority. Housing sector is the major driver
which contributes to 66% of cement consumption. With governments promise of investing Rs2250 crores in Rural
Infrastructure Development and Rs. 8000 crores in smart cities, cement will be the most impacted sector in the economy.
Source: Cement Info-graphic May-19
2. Objectives
2.1. Objectives
A. To study and apply the two parallel and co-existing investment philosophies of Fundamental analysis and Technical
analysis for selected context companies.
B. To provide an overview of Indian Cement Industry.
C. To identify the growth drivers and various factors affecting the sector.
D. To carry out Ratio Analysis for selected context companies.
2.2. Scope
The scope of the project is limited to only one country, one sector and 4 companies. Only India has been taken into
consideration for Economic analysis due to political changes in thecountrywhichaffectsthegrowthaspects.With focusofnew
government on Industrialisation ultimately investment in infrastructure and promises for good daysaheadsomethinggoodis
expected. The sector analysis is limited to the extent of cement sector which is again selected on the basis of growth
opportunities in it. Previous 5 years were not good for this sector but with government’s new initiatives and investment in
infrastructure such as Make in India, PMAY the sector is expected to grow at pace.
Source: Cement Info-graphic May-19
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 363
COMPANY INFORMATION
Source: ultratechcement.com
RECENT IMOROVEMENT:
Ultra-tech cement has successfully acquired Binani Cement ltd. This has installed capacity of 6.25 MTPA which provides large
access to high quality limestone. Company has developed fully automated technology in-house technology to use all waste
generated from rejected concrete in the form of waste.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS:
Earnings Per share of the company was highest during year FY2016-2017.Returnon capital employedhasdecreasedovertwo
years whereas price to earnings ratio was highest in 2018.Dividend paid by company is constant all over the years. Net profit
Margin also has decreased over the two years.
Source: www.ultratechcement.com
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS:
Candlestick Chart Patterns shows the opening and closing price of the stock for that respective month. price is on Y axis and
respective years are on X axis. Stock is in Bullish trend forming higher highs and higher lows. It has broken the resistencelevel
3200 and retraced above it which turned resistence in support. Market is above the trend line and forming new higher highs
and higher lows. Market price of Ultra-tech Cement has risen from 400 to 5000 all over the 10 years. Chart also shows the
traded volume for the month. Relative Strength Indicators indicates the Oversold and Overbought zones.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 364
Source: www.investing.com
Source: logotagline.com
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS:
Price to Earnings Ratio of the company was highest during year FY 2016- 2017.Returnoncapital employedhasdecreasedover
two years whereas EPS ratio was highest in 2015.Dividend paid by company is decreasing over the years.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 365
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS:
Candlestick Chart Patterns shows the opening and closing price of the stock for that respective month. price is on Y axis and
respective years are on X axis. Stock is in Bullish trend forming higher highs and higher lows. It has broken the resistencelevel
210 and retraced above it which turned resistence in support. Market has broken the trend line and consolidating in a range
forming rectangle. Market is unable to break next resistence 275 and which shows the struggle between buyers and sellers.
There is less confidence between buyers and those who have bought alredy athe the start of uptrend are now set to sell the
stock and book the profit. There are chances that stock will godowninsteadofbreakingresistence.Chartalsoshowsthetraded
volume for the month is very less. Relative Strength Indicators indicates the Oversold and Overbought zones.
Source: www.investing.com
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS:
Earnings Per share of the company was highest during year FY 2014- 2015 which then reduced to half due general slowdown
in the cement industry has impacted the performance of thecompany whichledtolowerprofitsandreducedEPS consequently
lower dividend is paid but after that EPS has increasing graph .Return on capital employed and Return on Equity is very less
which shows that business inefficient to allocate the capital. Price to earnings ratio also has decreasing graph.
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 366
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS:
Candlestick Chart Patterns shows the opening and closing, high and low price of the stock forthatrespectivemonth.priceison
Y axis and respective years are on X axis. Stock is in Bullish trend forming higher highs and higher lows. It broke theresistence
level 1402 but couldn’t hold above it shows the less confidence and strenght of buyers. There is a strugglebetweenbuyersand
sellers at present scenario. If it hold above the support 1402 it can go up or it may form rounded bottom and come down.
Market is revolving around the support and resistance zone. Market price of ACC Cement has tested 1800 all overthe10years
starting from 400.Chart also shows the traded volume for the month which is very low. Relative Strength Indicators indicates
the Oversold and Overbought zones.
Source: www.investing.com
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS:
Earnings Per share of the company are increasing and highest during year FY 2017-2018 .Price to earnings ratio also has
decreasing graph and highest in year 2015-16. Interest coverage ratio is very low. ROCE is increasingandconstantforlasttwo
year.
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 367
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS:
The chart shows an uptrend but it has broken the up trendline and revolving between the range750-950.But market holds
above the support line 705.So market is consoldating between support 705 to resistance 900.It needs major positive news to
break in up direction.
Source: www.investing.com
3. Literature Review
A FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CEMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA Sunil M Rashinkar, International Journal of Commerce
and Management Research September 2016
The main reason behind studying this paper is that what all tools researcher have used to carry out fundamental analysis.
Significance of those tools and what all other factors have considered by researcher.
CONTRIBUTION OF CEMENT INDUSTRY IN THE OF INDIAN ECONOMY, Anand Mishra, ISSN 2320-2750 Jamshedpur
Research Review, November 2018- December 2018
Mr. Anand Mishra has made an attempt to find out the role of cement industry in economy of the country. Research paper also
tells about the different varieties of cement produced in India. Paper alsotellsaboutthe variousadvantagesofcementindustry
in relation with the Economy as well as to individual. Researcher thinks that cost analysis is also important factor to consider
and manage. He also tells about the problem associated with the cement industry such asscarcityofcoal,extra consumptionof
power, taxation policy, and improper technology.
GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF CEMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA Article shared by Smriti Chand
This Article tells about the History and Evolution happened in cement industryovertheyears.Italsodiscussesaboutthemajor
plants of cement all over the India. As cement requires raw material in largeamountthisrawmaterial ismajorlyfoundinsouth
and east India. Because of high transportation cost manufacturing plants are locatednearthearea whererawmaterial iseasily
available.
AN ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY TRENED IN INDIANCEMENTINDUSTRYbySimaBanerjee, Department of Economics,
6 February 2015
Sima Banerjee has made an attempt to identify fluctuation in the profitability trend of cement industry. Researcher have
identified various factor responsible for fluctuation of cement price. Along with the factors she has also given suggestions for
smooth growth of the cement industry. Also according to researcher there are many ways to overcome the issues in relation
with cement industry such as Using R & D programme it can be tested that instead of electricity and coal whether no ash fuel
such as natural gas can be used in its production. An intervention from financial institutions of both government and non-
government organizations is needed to increase the demand of the productfordomesticconsumptionbydevelopmentofrural
areas. Global funding sources should be allowed to enter in to meet the capital requirement of the industry.
AN OVERVIEW OF CEMENT PRODUCTION: HOW “GREEN”ANDSUSTAINABLEISTHEINDUSTRY?JohannesH. Potgieter,
Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682, June 11, 2012
The main objective behind studying this paper is that every industry has itsdifferent phasesstartingfromIntroductiongrowth
boom to decline phases. Similarly it is important to understandthatwhethertheindustryissustainableor notfrom investment
point of view. This research paper very well discuses about the sustainability and ways to sustain the cement industry from
every context. It starts by considering the current status and potential alternatives for the production process, right from the
raw meal composition stage through to the final application of cement in concrete.
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 368
DIVIDEND POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON SHAREHOLDERS WEALTH AND FIRMS PERFORMANCE: A Study of Listed
Cement Companies by Agila M, Dr. Mrs. Jerinabi.U, October 08, 2018. ISSN: 2319-7668.
This research paper focuses on the impact of dividend policy on shareholders wealth and relationship with the firm
performance. Hypothesis is performed to check the positive or negative relationship between them. Descriptive statisticsand
multiple regression models are used to analyse the study. Dividend policy is used as independent variable and shareholders
wealth and firm performance as dependant variable. The result shows the positive relation between them.
SYNTHETIC REVIEW PAPER ON IMPACT OF DIVIDEND POLICY ON SHAREHOLDERS WEALTH IN CEMENT INDUSTRY:
Priyanka Ranawat Ph.D. Research Scholar, Rajasthan Vidhyapeeth
This paper attempts to concentrate on the components deciding the corporate dividend theories and the congruity of these
variables with the forecast drawn by the dividend theories utilizing some known profit models in view of the multiple
regression technique.
LEVERAGE ANALYSIS IN SELECT CEMENT COMPANIES:
A STUDY, Dr. K Bhagyalakshmi, ISSN - 2250-1991
The researcher discussed principles and types of financial leverage also degree of financial and operatingrisk forthatpurpose
she has taken three companies for analysis namely, ACC Ltd., J.K and Madras Cements Ltd. The leverage analysis is useful to
assess the business risk, financial risk as well as the total risk of the firm. Hence the need is felt to undertake a study on the
leverage analysis in terms of Degree of Operating Leverage, Financial Leverage and Combined Leverage. The researcher
concludes that, operating risk is highest in ACC, financial risk is highest in Madras and ultimately total risk is slightly higher in
J.K Cement Ltd than the other two companies.
4. Research Methodology
4.1. Statement of Problem:
Check whether cement industry is sustainable or not? And calculating the performance of cement companies for investment.
4.2. Research Design
A research design is the scientific approach used by the researcher to conduct his study. Itisanoverall integrationofidentified
and relevant components and data resulting in an appropriate outcome. Tocomeupwithaccurateresults,researchermustuse
strategic methodology which is in line with type of research chosen.
In this study Descriptive Analytical research design is used in order to carry out the research. As it describes and understands
the Company’s information and then analyse its performance.
4.3. Sampling
Sample:
Data of four Cement Companies have been used for study. These four companies have been selected based on majorly
consumed by the customer in India
Ultra-tech cement
Ambuja Cement
ACC Cement
J K Cement
Sample Size: 4
4.4. Data
Data Collection Tool: Secondary Data - Company Annual Reports,
Company Website
Magazines
Articles
Data Analysis Tool:
Data is quantitative in nature. Ratio Analysis, Financial Analysis are the tools used for fundamental analysis and various chart
patterns used for technical analysis. Most of the data is in historical form. Past fiveyearsdata hasbeencollectedforthisproject
and based on that calculation and interpretation has been done.
5. Data Analysis and Interpretation
Data have been analysed through various financial statement and ratios have been computed out ofit.Basedontheratiosdata
interpretation has done.
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
Fundamental analysis of a business attempts to study that can affect securities value like its financials, its management and
competitive advantages, its competitors and markets. It also involves macroeconomic factors. For analysing a stock, futures
contract, or currency using fundamental analysis mainly two basic approaches are used; bottom up approach and top down
approach. The main aim of performing fundamental analysis is to produce a value for comparison with the security`s current
price to understand whether the security under-priced = buy or overpriced = sell or short.
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28108 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 369
There are several possible objectives:
To conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price evolution,
To make a projection on its business performance,
To evaluate its management and make projected decisions,
Fundamental analysis includes:
Economic analysis
Industry analysis
Company analysis
On the basis of these three analyses the intrinsic value of the shares are determined. This is considered as the true value of the
share. If the intrinsic value is higher than the market price it is recommended to buythe share.Ifitisequal tomarketpricethen
hold the share and if it is less than the market price then sell the shares.
Source: theirviewstories.com
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
Technical Analysis is as an art and science of predicting future prices based on the past price movements. Technical analysisis
based on analysing current demand supply of commodities, stocks, indices, future or any tradable instrument. Technical
analysis involves plotting information about the stocks like prices, volumes and open interest on a chart and applying various
patterns and indicators to it in order to understand if there is adequatebuyinginterestthatmaytakepriceuporviceversa.The
time frame in which technical analysis is applied may range from intraday 1-min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, or hourly,
daily, weekly or monthly price data to many years. Technical analysis converts the price and volume data into charts that
represent the stock price movements over a period of time. Technical analysis is not concerned if the stock is trading at a fair
price relative to its intrinsic value. Technical Analysis is a specialised stream in itself and involves study of various trends-
upwards, downwards or sideways, so that traders can benefit by trading in line with the trend. Identifying support and
resistance levels, which represent points at which there is lot of buying and selling interest respectively, and the implications
on the price if support and resistance level is broken, are important conclusions that are drawn from past price movements.
Concepts
Resistance — a price level at which supply overcomes the demand.
Support — a price level at which demand overcomes the supply.
Breakout — Price movement where it breaks the support or resistance in one direction due to high volume or high
volatility
Trending — for specific period of time price tends to continue in same direction.
Chart patterns — working tools of technical analysts.
Momentum — the rate of price change
Chart Types:
There are three main types of charts that are used by investors and traders.
The chart types are:
• The line chart
• The bar chart
• The candlestick chart.
Line Chart
The most basic of the three charts is the line charts. The line is formed by connecting the closing prices of a specific stock or
market over a given period of time. Line chart is useful for providing visual illustration of the trend of a stock’s price or
market’s movement. But it does not provide range for the individual points such as the high, low andopeningprices. However,
it is extremely valuable analytical tool which has been used by traders for past many years. Also the closing price is most
important data as compared to the high and low for the day.
10. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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Bar Chart
The bar is the most popular method traders use to see price action in a stock over a given periodoftime.Barchartisexpansion
of line chart which is adding key pieces of information to each data point. Such visual illustration of price activity helps in
identifying trends and patterns. A bar shows the high price for the period at the top and lowest price at the bottom of bar. The
opening price on a bar chart is marked by a small tick to the left of the bar; the closing price is shown by similartick totheright
of the bar. Generally, the bar will be shaded black if the left dash (open)islowerthantherightdash(close),showinganuptrend
for the stock. Conversely a bar that is coloured red in this is the case, the dash on the right (close) is lower than the dash on the
left (open) indicating market is down.
Source: investarindia.com
Candlestick Charts
The candlestick charts provide visual insight to current market psychology. Similar to the bar chart, the candlestick also hasa
thin vertical line showing the period's trading range. Like bar charts, candlesticks also use of colours to explain whether up or
down trend with green and red colour respectively. If stock closeshigherthanitsopeningprice,thencandlestick will usuallybe
green or hollow and vice versa for red or clear candle. More than just pattern recognising candlestick shows the interaction
between buyers and sellers.
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Source: chartformation.com
Chart Patterns
Head and Shoulder:
Head and shoulders is a top reversal pattern which occurs following an uptrend. The pattern contains three successive peaks
with the middle peak (head) being the highest and the two outside peaks (shoulders) being low and roughly low. Low of each
peak can be connected to form neckline or support. To reverse the trend there should be prior uptrend. Volume during the
advance of the left shoulder should be higher than during the advance of the head also volume increases on decline from the
peak of the head and decline of right shoulder.
Source: investdiva.com
Double Tops and Bottoms:
A double top is a reversal pattern which occurs following an extended uptrend. The patterniscreatedwhena price isunableto
reach high. Price movement tests support or resistance levels twice forming two peaks and isunabletobreak throughforming
a Reaction low between them. This pattern signals intermediate and long-term trend reversals i.e. from up to down trend.
Exactly opposite pattern of double top is double bottom. A double bottom is also reversal pattern which occurs following an
extended downtrend.
Source: pinterest.com Source: www.investar.com
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Flag and Pennant
Flag and Pennant are two short-term continuation chart patterns that are formed when there is a sharp price movement. This
pattern is then completed upon another sharp price rallies in the same direction covers the same distanceormorethanthatof
flagpole. The patterns can last from one to three weeks.
Source: pinterest.com
Wedge
The wedge chart pattern is formed by contracting range in prices.Itcanbeuptrendcalledasrisingwedgeordowntrendknown
as falling wedge. It can either continue or reverse trend. It is similar toa symmetrical triangleexceptthattherisingwedge,both
boundary lines slant up from left to right and in falling edge, both boundary lines slant down from left to right.
Doji
Source: commodity.com
Doji represents an important type of candlestick, providing information both on their own and as components of a number of
important patterns. Doji forms when stocks open and close is same or virtually equal. The length of the upper and lower
shadow may vary, with the resulting candlestick looking like a cross, inverted cross or plus sign. Any bullish or bearish bias is
based on the preceding price action and future confirmation as the Doji alone is neutral.
Hammer and Hanging man:-
The hammer candlestick formation is viewed as a bullish reversal candlestick pattern whichoccursmainlyatthebottomofthe
downturn. There is a long lower shadow, which can be twice the length of the body. The hammer is formed whenthecloseand
high of the day is same or there is not much difference in the close and high of that day in case of bullish candlestick.
In case of bearish candlestick the hammer or also called as the hanging man is formed when the open and high of that day is
same. The hanging man candlestick is formed at the top of uptrends and can act as a warming of a potential reversal
downtrend. It is as named suggest a bearish sign.
Source: commodity.com
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Inverted Hammer and Shooting Star:-
The inverted hammer has the same close and the low point or there is not much difference in the closing price andlowpriceof
that day and there is a very long upper shadow. We can also say that the inverted hammer is a bullish reversal.
Whereas the shooting star candlestick is also called as the bearish reversal candlestick pattern which is usually formed as the
top of the uptrend. The opening price and low price of that day of the stock will be the same and there will be a long upper
shadow.
Source: commodity.com
Ratio Analysis
A. Current Ratio:
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 1.04 0.90 0.85 0.94 1.02
Ambuja 1.91 2.03 1.23 1.34 1.55
ACC 0.80 0.93 0.91 1.08 1.39
J K Cement 1.22 1.10 1.19 1.55 1.61
Source: Annual Reports
Interpretation:
The current ratio is a liquidity and efficiency ratio that measures a company’s ability to pay of its short-term liabilities with its
current assets. The current ratio is help to investors and analysts, how companycanmaximizethecurrentassetson itsbalance
sheet to satisfy its current debt and other payable. The current ratio signifies ability of the firm to pay its short term debts.
Ambuja Cement has highest current ratio as compared to other competitors.
Also current ratio of J k cement is increasing by 20-30% which is good sign. ACC cement has also improving consistently over
the years. So in overall scenario Ambuja cement is dominates other players.
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B. Debt Equity Ratios:
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 0.16 0.05 (0.10) 0.46 0.53
Ambuja 0.37 0.20 0.23 0.19 0.19
ACC 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.52 0.52
J K Cement 1.40 1.45 1.31 1.04 0.76
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
Interpretation:
Company should have less debt than equity. D/E of 1 or less should be considered as benchmark. J K cement every year has
more than 1, D/E ratio but it is gradually decreasing. D/E ratio of ACC cement is constant every year and Ambuja cement has
less debt/equity ratio than other competitor. It is better to have some debt which helps in taxation so in this case Ambuja
cement is dominating others. Ultratech Cement also has very less debt to equity ratio but over the two years it has increased.
C. Earnings per Share
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 73.44 86.37 95.74 81.27 89.48
Ambuja 9.67 5.21 4.69 6.29 7.49
ACC 62.23 31.51 34.46 48.75 53.57
J K Cement 22.44 14.78 37.2 48.89 45.28
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
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Interpretation:
Earnings per share are the profit distributed to the shareholders (on per share basis) of the firm after paying all the liabilities.
Higher the EPS better it is for shareholders. Higher EPS also good from investor’s perspective. From the abovetable Ultra-tech
cement has higher EPS as compared to other and it is increasing every year. Also Ambuja cement has very less EPS and EPS of
ACC cement is increasing every year.
D. Return on Capital Employed (in %)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 12 12 13 10 10
Ambuja 18 12 8 8 8
ACC 14 11 11 14 15
J K Cement 2.9 2.5 5.8 7.6 6.8
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
Interpretation:
Higher the ratio, better the firm since it is generating higher returns for every rupee of capital employed. Investor can use this
to analyse the returns of companies with different sizes in same industry. From above table we can see that for every year the
graph of ACC cement is increasing and average of 5 year is also high as compared to other so this ratio is in favour of ACC
cement.
E. Dividend Per share
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultra-tech 9 9.5 10 10.50 11.50
Ambuja 5 2.80 2.80 3.60 1.5
ACC 34 17 17 26 14
J K Cement 4 4 8 10 10
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
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Interpretation:
Out of Net profit some profit is kept or reinvested for company’s growth and portion of profit which company distributes
among its shareholders known as Dividend per share. From the chart we can see that Dividend of Ultra-tech Cement is
increasing at a constant rate. And there are so many variations in case ofACCcement regardingdividendpaidtoinvestors.Also
the dividend paid by J K Cement is increasing and constant for two years.
F. Return on Equity:
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultra-tech 10.6 10.9 10.9 8.95 9.12
Ambuja 7.8 5.08 6.25 7.07 7.07
ACC 14 7 7 10 10
J K Cement 9.5 6.0 11.26 16 11.23
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
Interpretation:
ROE communicates how businessallocates its capital and generates return. An efficient allocator of capital would have high
ROE and poor quality of business would have low ROE. J K cement has higher ROE every year except year 15-16.In overall
scenario J K cement has given higher returns that means J K cement has better ability to allocate its capital and get maximum
returns followed by Ultra-tech Cement which is giving almost constant returns over 5 year.
G. Price to Earnings ratio
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 39.20 37.01 41.64 48.59 44.79
Ambuja 23.65 39.02 43.93 43.10 29.96
ACC 22.56 43.07 38.39 36.08 27.84
J K Cement 29.68 46.52 31.02 24.51 23.59
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
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Interpretation:
PE ratio measures the price that market is willing to pay for the earnings of the company. The PE multiple moves high when
prices run ahead of the earnings numbers and the market is willing to pay more and more rupee of earnings. PE ratio of Ultra-
tech cement is highest of all followed by Ambuja, Acc and J K Cement respectively. That means market is willing to pay higher
amount for Ultra-tech cement when it is expected that earnings of a firm will grow.
H. Net Profit Margin:
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultra-tech 9 10 11 8 7
Ambuja 8.6 10.59 12.19 13.54 8.9
ACC 5.17 6 7.08 10.4 10.8
J KCement 4.7 2.92 5.68 7.53 6.60
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
Interpretation:
It measures overall profitability or efficiencyofthefirmin termsofproduction,procurement,managingresourcesetc.Theratio
indicates, the portion of net sales is left for the owners after all the expenses have been covered or met. Ambuja Cement has
high Net profit Margin ACC. Ultratech also has comparably good net Profit Margin but it is showing decreasing graph. J K
Cement has very less Net Profit margin.
I. Operating profit Ratio (in %)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 15.9 16.06 18.2 16 14
Ambuja 13.49 15.37 16.84 14.47 20
ACC 7.4 8.18 10.8 10.9 11
J K Cement 11.34 11.68 16.11 16.75 16.47
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
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Interpretation:
It refers to profit generated from operations of the firm and hence calculated before considering any financial charge, non-
operating income or losses and taxable liability. It measures the efficiency with which firm not only manufacturesorpurchase
it but also sells the goods. J K Cement and ACC Cement have stable graph and Ultratech Cement shows decreasing graph.
J. Interest Coverage Ratio
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 5.83 7.23 7.61 3.98 3.52
Ambuja 13.77 19.70 16.10 19.29 21
ACC 12.64 12.10 13.69 17.75 19
J K Cement 2.37 2.15 2.87 3.62 4.09
Source: Annual Reports
Source: Annual Reports
Interpretation:
Interest coverage ratio is also called times interest earned ratio and it measures the ability of the firm to pay fixed interest
ability. This ratio measures as how many times the interest liability of the firm is covered withtheoperatingprofitsofthefirm.
Higher the IC ratio better it is for both firm and lenders. In this graph Ambuja Cement has very good Interest Coverage Ratio
followed by ACC Cement. However J K Cement ha very less Interest Coverage ratio.
K. Financial Leverage Index
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ultratech 1.53 1.47 1.64 2.09 2.09
Ambuja 1.38 1.37 1.21 1.23 1.39
ACC 1.42 1.42 1.43 2.26 1.48
J K Cement 3.25 3.32 3.12 2.78 2.40
Source: Annual Reports
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Source: Annual Reports
3. Interpretation:
Financial leverage can be defined as the degree to which a company uses fixed-income securities, such as debt and preferred
equity. With a high degree of financial leverage come high interest payments. Financial Leverage Index is a measure which
shows the usefulness of debt financing. Since it is more than 1 for all years or the value increases from 2014 to 2018, means
that ROE exceeds ROA. This shows a favourable use of debt financing. As for J K Cement has highest ratio of financial leverage
index shows it has favourably used debt financing. In case of ACC Cement it is observed that the return on Equity is reducing.
This is not a good sign for the company as the higher return for shareholders is the main motive of any company. Company
should leverage more and use debt financing for its future plans to increase the shareholders’ returns to an optimum amount
6. Findings
This research was done to find the performance of the
Cement Sector on the basis of profitability, returnsinvestors
are getting for the value they pay as well as ability of
companies to pay its debts and give maximum return with
minimum risk.
From the ratios it can be seen that Ultratech Cement has
highest market capitalisation than other three companies.
Ultratech Cement has constant growth whereas ACCcement
shows high volatility or sudden increase in financials.
It depends on each investor’s perception and his risk and
return factor. According to technical analysis market
Ambuja Cement can be a tough competitor to Ultratech
Cement as it already owns a subsidiary ACC Cement, Which
increases their customer base. J K Cement alsotryinghard to
be in competition. As it has variety of productandWall Putty
as a competitive advantage.
7. Conclusion
In order to achieve the objective of maximizing the returns,
the investors need to consider both risk factor and return
potential of various companies under consideration. That
will be differing from companies to companies. The
fundamental and technical analysis is most important
techniques analysing the risk andreturnofcompanies.From
this fundamental and technical analysis, it is concluded that
Cement industry has a very high growth potential and
investors as well as government is also looking forward to
invest in cement sector. But this sector also depends and
gets affected by many micro and macro-economic factors
such as GDP of India, Inflation rate, Environmental factors.It
depends on each and individuals investors perception.
Different investors have different risk taking ability as well
as different investmentgoals.Investorsusefundamental and
technical analysis for investment. Fundamental Analysis is
used when investor wants to invest for long term and for
short term investment Technical analysis is used.
The most preferred ratio by investors is PE ratio and EPS. In
this case if we observe financials of the four companies
Ultra-tech cement has goodfinancialsascomparedtoothers.
Ultra-tech Cement is having high EPS as well as PE ratio also
it has high market capitalisation. Dividend paid by Ultratech
cement is low because of further growth prospective as it
has acquired Binani Cement. So for investment purpose
Ultra-tech Cement can be good option to invest.
According to technical Analysis chart Ultratech cement has
uptrend and high market price compared to others and it is
holding above support so there are chances that market
price of Ultratech cement may rise supported by economic
conditions of the country.
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8. Limitations
The study conducted was for a short period, leaving
little time for getting into the details of the subject.
Analysis requires a lot of experience in this field and
fundamental analysis require a deepstudyofthesubject
which was not possible in such a short duration.
Stocks are analysed through the analysis of the
company`s ratios and different companies can apply
different accounting policies. Thus, it was difficult to
compare the growth over the year.
The study is based on the past trends and performance
of the share price of the company.
Other factors that would affect the share price are not
considered. The research is based on thefiguresthatare
available.
Different experts have different opinions regarding the
analysis of equity Shares, therefore,theviewusedinthis
study can’t be treated as the absolute and perfect.
REFERENCE
1. Reference Books
NCFM Technical Analysis Module(NSE Certification In
Financial Markets)
NISM-Series- XV: Research Analyst Certification
Workbook
Fundamentals of financial management, Dr. R P Rustagi,
TAXMANS
2. Annual Reports: (FY 2014-2019)
Ultratech Cement
Ambuja Cement
ACC Cement
J K Cement
3. Websites
www.investing.com
www.nse.in
www.iosjournals.org
Appendices
Specimen of Annual Reports:
Ultratech Cement
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Ambuja:
ACC Cement:
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J K Cement